It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence #172830773147 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence #172830773147 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T02:56:33Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Jerry Fisher" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence #172830773147 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Jerry Fisher",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T02:56:33Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/172830773147"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "172830773147",
  52.            "abstract": "Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence #172830773147 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Jerry Fisher",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T02:56:33Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence" title="Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Jerry Fisher</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Jerry Fisher for contributing the article "Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence" title="Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting player behavior in mobile games. It focuses on how AI algorithms can analyze player data to forecast actions such as in-game purchases, playtime, and engagement. The research examines the potential of AI to enhance personalized gaming experiences, improve game design, and increase player retention rates.</p>
  100. <p>This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  101. <p>Gaming's evolution from the pixelated adventures of classic arcade games to the breathtakingly realistic graphics of contemporary consoles has been nothing short of astounding. Each technological leap has not only enhanced visual fidelity but also deepened immersion, blurring the lines between reality and virtuality. The attention to detail in modern games, from lifelike character animations to dynamic environmental effects, creates an immersive sensory experience that captivates players and transports them to fantastical worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  102. <p>This paper investigates the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for dynamic content generation in mobile games, focusing on how procedural content creation (PCC) techniques enable developers to create expansive, personalized game worlds that evolve based on player actions. The study explores the algorithms and methodologies used in PCC, such as procedural terrain generation, dynamic narrative structures, and adaptive enemy behavior, and how they enhance player experience by providing infinite variability. Drawing on computer science, game design, and machine learning, the paper examines the potential of AI-driven content generation to create more engaging and replayable mobile games, while considering the challenges of maintaining balance, coherence, and quality in procedurally generated content.</p>
  103. <p>Accessibility initiatives in gaming are essential to ensuring inclusivity and equal opportunities for players of all abilities. Features such as customizable controls, colorblind modes, subtitles, and assistive technologies empower gamers with disabilities to enjoy gaming experiences on par with their peers, fostering a more inclusive and welcoming gaming ecosystem.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://293947805981-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://690596127656-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://814574704099-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://880378437596-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://109974565913-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://483993981919-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://863522243131-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://687189438737-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://136228104567-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://782105264983-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://827700413146-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://967413192403-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://930428711481-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://533957644385-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://705045348481-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://253302556851-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://616044625220-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://854702828269-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://515200361976-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://448060046516-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?808635596016&amp;url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?142240894791&amp;url=https://naver142240894791-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?706358039903&amp;url=https://naver706358039903-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?462073688913&amp;url=https://naver462073688913-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?002572643388&amp;url=https://naver002572643388-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?292183429637&amp;url=https://naver292183429637-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?095897107455&amp;url=https://naver095897107455-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?729058977196&amp;url=https://naver729058977196-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?438401101791&amp;url=https://naver438401101791-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?411256739735&amp;url=https://naver411256739735-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?533342996847&amp;url=https://naver533342996847-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?057127378494&amp;url=https://naver057127378494-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?167131694939&amp;url=https://naver167131694939-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-129813519332.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-079918335149.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-218601624506.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-867791908900.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-844359280140.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-303764440220.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-311211395730.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-658673704080.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-525557689710.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-840413589346.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-727236289844.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-503584678610.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-068903675398.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-026900361629.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-096958954854.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-112652555146.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-273445354040-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-846321832098-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-343868495730-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2063975841" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/8760952143">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Digital Twin Technology in Gaming: Real-Time Simulations for Enhanced Interactivity" title="Digital Twin Technology in Gaming: Real-Time Simulations for Enhanced Interactivity" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-8760952143.mit-edu.top/post/8760952143/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/8760952143">Digital Twin Technology in Gaming: Real-Time Simulations for Enhanced Interactivity</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study examines the role of social influence in mobile game engagement, focusing on how peer behavior, social norms, and social comparison processes shape player motivations and in-game actions. By drawing on social psychology and network theory, the paper investigates how players' social circles, including friends, family, and online communities, influence their gaming habits, preferences, and spending behavior. The research explores how mobile games leverage social influence through features such as social media integration, leaderboards, and team-based gameplay. The study also examines the ethical implications of using social influence techniques in game design, particularly regarding manipulation, peer pressure, and the potential for social exclusion.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/8760952143" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Digital Twin Technology in Gaming: Real-Time Simulations for Enhanced Interactivity" title="Digital Twin Technology in Gaming: Real-Time Simulations for Enhanced Interactivity" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Amy Ward</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2561703894">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Exploring the Role of Gaze-Based Mechanics in VR Game Design" title="Exploring the Role of Gaze-Based Mechanics in VR Game Design" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-2561703894.mit-edu.top/post/2561703894/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2561703894">Exploring the Role of Gaze-Based Mechanics in VR Game Design</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study explores the social and economic implications of microtransactions in mobile gaming, focusing on player behavior, spending patterns, and the potential for addiction. It also investigates the broader effects on the gaming industry, such as the shift in business models, the emergence of virtual economies, and the ethical concerns surrounding "pay-to-win" mechanics. The research offers policy recommendations to address these issues in a balanced manner.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2561703894" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Exploring the Role of Gaze-Based Mechanics in VR Game Design" title="Exploring the Role of Gaze-Based Mechanics in VR Game Design" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Eric Howard</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2059386471">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Multi-Agent Systems in Competitive Mobile Games: Performance and Scalability" title="Multi-Agent Systems in Competitive Mobile Games: Performance and Scalability" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2059386471.mit-edu.top/post/2059386471/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2059386471">Multi-Agent Systems in Competitive Mobile Games: Performance and Scalability</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper applies Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) to the design and analysis of mobile games, focusing on how game mechanics, narrative structures, and visual stimuli impact players' cognitive load during gameplay. The study investigates how high levels of cognitive load can hinder learning outcomes and gameplay performance, especially in complex puzzle or strategy games. By combining cognitive psychology and game design theory, the paper develops a framework for balancing intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load in mobile game environments. The research offers guidelines for developers to optimize user experiences by enhancing mental performance and reducing cognitive fatigue.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-906669955641.mit-edu.top/post/2059386471" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Multi-Agent Systems in Competitive Mobile Games: Performance and Scalability" title="Multi-Agent Systems in Competitive Mobile Games: Performance and Scalability" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Melissa Collins</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda