It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms #175027896840 (2025-02-03)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms #175027896840 (2025-02-03)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-03T04:54:41Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. James Williams" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms #175027896840 (2025-02-03)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. James Williams",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-03T04:54:41Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/175027896840"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "175027896840",
  52.            "abstract": "Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms #175027896840 (2025-02-03)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms",
  56.                "author": "Dr. James Williams",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-03T04:54:41Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms" title="Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">James Williams</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-03</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to James Williams for contributing the article "Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms" title="Adversarial Attack Detection in Mobile Game AI Algorithms" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Game streaming platforms like Twitch, YouTube Gaming, and Mixer have revolutionized how gamers consume and interact with gaming content, turning everyday players into content creators, influencers, and entertainers. Livestreamed gameplay, interactive chats, and community engagement redefine the gaming experience, transforming passive consumption into dynamic, participatory entertainment.</p>
  100. <p>This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  101. <p>Gaming culture has transcended borders and languages, emerging as a vibrant global community that unites people from all walks of life under the banner of shared enthusiasm for interactive digital experiences. From casual gamers to hardcore enthusiasts, gaming has become a universal language, fostering connections, friendships, and even rivalries that span continents and time zones.</p>
  102. <p>This paper applies systems thinking to the design and analysis of mobile games, focusing on how game ecosystems evolve and function within the broader network of players, developers, and platforms. The study examines the interdependence of game mechanics, player interactions, and market dynamics in the creation of digital ecosystems within mobile games. By analyzing the emergent properties of these ecosystems, such as in-game economies, social hierarchies, and community-driven content, the paper highlights the role of mobile games in shaping complex digital networks. The research proposes a systems thinking framework for understanding the dynamics of mobile game design and its long-term effects on player behavior, game longevity, and developer innovation.</p>
  103. <p>Gaming has become a universal language, transcending geographical boundaries and language barriers. It allows players from all walks of life to connect, communicate, and collaborate through shared experiences, fostering friendships that span the globe. The rise of online multiplayer gaming has further strengthened these connections, enabling players to form communities, join guilds, and participate in global events, creating a sense of camaraderie and belonging in a digital world.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://196485737495-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://512449115795-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://217557477125-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://699449900245-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://267736268913-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://761473033078-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://978903529292-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://919711197344-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://647045842732-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://094924226107-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://217951316120-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://614988288780-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://102712544239-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://471084155654-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://573351461743-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://097521578677-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://182658005430-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://587752062814-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://961839548813-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://723267315181-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?397589085269&amp;url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?123014386613&amp;url=https://naver123014386613-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?354963103961&amp;url=https://naver354963103961-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?879406328620&amp;url=https://naver879406328620-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?158829165652&amp;url=https://naver158829165652-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?072369547587&amp;url=https://naver072369547587-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?129091007999&amp;url=https://naver129091007999-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?805461678904&amp;url=https://naver805461678904-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?869618330249&amp;url=https://naver869618330249-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?440139120667&amp;url=https://naver440139120667-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?734525011973&amp;url=https://naver734525011973-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?706830785809&amp;url=https://naver706830785809-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?711778551914&amp;url=https://naver711778551914-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-415503883567.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-645126107285.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-130322773334.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-623070844367.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-077706310453.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-630073435843.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-827263060841.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-473418772879.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-122707089715.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-111295332684.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-562749662932.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-631512034253.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-897156502786.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-743936209351.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-664099478194.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-755923608902.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-622668735244-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-182092577070-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-440241404761-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/2348501967" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/4230651978">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="The Role of Spatial Audio in Improving Player Orientation in VR Environments" title="The Role of Spatial Audio in Improving Player Orientation in VR Environments" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-4230651978.mit-edu.top/post/4230651978/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/4230651978">The Role of Spatial Audio in Improving Player Orientation in VR Environments</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper offers a historical and theoretical analysis of the evolution of mobile game design, focusing on the technological advancements that have shaped gameplay mechanics, user interfaces, and game narratives over time. The research traces the development of mobile gaming from its inception to the present day, considering key milestones such as the advent of touchscreen interfaces, the rise of augmented reality (AR), and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in mobile games. Drawing on media studies and technology adoption theory, the paper examines how changing technological landscapes have influenced player expectations, industry trends, and game design practices.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/4230651978" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="The Role of Spatial Audio in Improving Player Orientation in VR Environments" title="The Role of Spatial Audio in Improving Player Orientation in VR Environments" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Harold Matthews</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/9035867241">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Real-Time Emotion Recognition Using AI for Personalized Gaming Experiences" title="Real-Time Emotion Recognition Using AI for Personalized Gaming Experiences" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9035867241.mit-edu.top/post/9035867241/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/9035867241">Real-Time Emotion Recognition Using AI for Personalized Gaming Experiences</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper examines the intersection of mobile games and behavioral economics, exploring how game mechanics can be used to influence economic decision-making and consumer behavior. Drawing on insights from psychology, game theory, and economics, the study analyzes how mobile games employ reward systems, uncertainty, risk-taking, and resource management to simulate real-world economic decisions. The research explores the potential for mobile games to be used as tools for teaching economic principles, as well as their role in shaping financial behavior in the digital economy. The paper also discusses the ethical considerations of using gamified elements in influencing players’ financial choices.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/9035867241" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Real-Time Emotion Recognition Using AI for Personalized Gaming Experiences" title="Real-Time Emotion Recognition Using AI for Personalized Gaming Experiences" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Amanda Evans</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/5138976420">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="The Representation of Cultural Heritage in Mobile Games: A Comparative Analysis" title="The Representation of Cultural Heritage in Mobile Games: A Comparative Analysis" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-5138976420.mit-edu.top/post/5138976420/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-03</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/5138976420">The Representation of Cultural Heritage in Mobile Games: A Comparative Analysis</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study explores the role of user-generated content (UGC) in mobile games, focusing on how player-created game elements, such as levels, skins, and mods, contribute to game longevity and community engagement. The research examines how allowing players to create and share content within a game environment enhances player investment, creativity, and social interaction. Drawing on community-building theories and participatory culture, the paper investigates the challenges and benefits of incorporating UGC features into mobile games, including the technical, social, and legal considerations. The study also evaluates the potential for UGC to drive game evolution and extend the lifespan of mobile games by continually introducing fresh content.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-927449289127.mit-edu.top/post/5138976420" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="The Representation of Cultural Heritage in Mobile Games: A Comparative Analysis" title="The Representation of Cultural Heritage in Mobile Games: A Comparative Analysis" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Susan Thomas</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-03 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda