It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Monetization and Ethics: How Microtransactions Shape Mobile Gaming Behavior #289703929999 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Monetization and Ethics: How Microtransactions Shape Mobile Gaming Behavior" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Monetization and Ethics: How Microtransactions Shape Mobile Gaming Behavior #289703929999 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/8.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T09:45:46Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Cynthia Bailey" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Monetization and Ethics: How Microtransactions Shape Mobile Gaming Behavior #289703929999 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Cynthia Bailey",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T09:45:46Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/8.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/289703929999"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "289703929999",
  52.            "abstract": "Monetization and Ethics: How Microtransactions Shape Mobile Gaming Behavior #289703929999 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Monetization and Ethics: How Microtransactions Shape Mobile Gaming Behavior",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Cynthia Bailey",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T09:45:46Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Monetization and Ethics: How Microtransactions Shape Mobile Gaming Behavior" title="Monetization and Ethics: How Microtransactions Shape Mobile Gaming Behavior" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Cynthia Bailey</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Monetization and Ethics: How Microtransactions Shape Mobile Gaming Behavior</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Cynthia Bailey for contributing the article "Monetization and Ethics: How Microtransactions Shape Mobile Gaming Behavior".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Monetization and Ethics: How Microtransactions Shape Mobile Gaming Behavior" title="Monetization and Ethics: How Microtransactions Shape Mobile Gaming Behavior" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This meta-analysis synthesizes existing psychometric studies to assess the impact of mobile gaming on cognitive and emotional intelligence. The research systematically reviews empirical evidence regarding the effects of mobile gaming on cognitive abilities, such as memory, attention, and problem-solving, as well as emotional intelligence competencies, such as empathy, emotional regulation, and interpersonal skills. By applying meta-analytic techniques, the study provides robust insights into the cognitive and emotional benefits and drawbacks of mobile gaming, with a particular focus on game genre, duration of gameplay, and individual differences in player characteristics.</p>
  100. <p>Virtual reality gaming has unlocked a new dimension of immersion, transporting players into fantastical realms where they can interact with virtual environments and characters in ways previously unimaginable. The sensory richness of VR experiences, coupled with intuitive motion controls, has redefined how players engage with games, blurring the boundaries between the digital realm and the physical world.</p>
  101. <p>This research explores how storytelling elements in mobile games influence player engagement and emotional investment. It examines the psychological mechanisms that make narrative-driven games compelling, focusing on immersion, empathy, and character development. The study also assesses how mobile game developers can use narrative structures to enhance long-term player retention and satisfaction.</p>
  102. <p>This paper examines the psychological factors that drive player motivation in mobile games, focusing on how developers can optimize game design to enhance player engagement and ensure long-term retention. The study investigates key motivational theories, such as Self-Determination Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, to explore how intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, influence player behavior. Drawing on empirical studies and player data, the research analyzes how different game mechanics, such as rewards, achievements, and social interaction, shape players’ emotional investment and commitment to games. The paper also discusses the role of narrative, social comparison, and competition in sustaining player motivation over time.</p>
  103. <p>Game soundtracks, with their mesmerizing melodies and epic compositions, serve as the heartbeat of virtual adventures, evoking emotions that amplify the gaming experience. From haunting orchestral scores to adrenaline-pumping electronic beats, music sets the tone for gameplay, enhancing atmosphere, and heightening emotions. The synergy between gameplay and sound creates moments of cinematic grandeur, transforming gaming sessions into epic journeys of the senses.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://405046638617-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://558852921143-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://333398139643-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://307178933718-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://000225659998-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://802776106823-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://616098808921-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://596485366643-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://253935307007-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://898690759408-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://035699924318-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://949740420299-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://374325128798-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://691122927992-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://945965902434-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://957827696709-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://002791095582-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://072316812695-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://354034944124-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://323981199421-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?112371807301&amp;url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?705217650048&amp;url=https://naver705217650048-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?267110321568&amp;url=https://naver267110321568-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?759480560192&amp;url=https://naver759480560192-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?967962888609&amp;url=https://naver967962888609-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?732888754702&amp;url=https://naver732888754702-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?769778974760&amp;url=https://naver769778974760-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?959719782970&amp;url=https://naver959719782970-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?846227593471&amp;url=https://naver846227593471-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?368745830711&amp;url=https://naver368745830711-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?690997072604&amp;url=https://naver690997072604-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?464711947822&amp;url=https://naver464711947822-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?305387556545&amp;url=https://naver305387556545-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-242413959330.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-434217447086.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-731396921272.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-568502545076.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-711529293332.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-024142408358.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-613110892054.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-974317510035.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-275101062384.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-374679077509.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-350364891402.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-509748275643.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-650300236363.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-752903254138.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-956510975916.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-049786061351.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-777191096658-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-746338942810-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-416652820539-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/9546203187" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/1734028596">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Moral Decision-Making in Narrative Games" title="Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Moral Decision-Making in Narrative Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-1734028596.gifthub.news/post/1734028596/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/1734028596">Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Moral Decision-Making in Narrative Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Gaming's impact on education is profound, with gamified learning platforms revolutionizing how students engage with academic content. By incorporating game elements such as rewards, challenges, and progression systems into educational software, educators are able to make learning more interactive, enjoyable, and effective, catering to diverse learning styles and enhancing retention rates.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/1734028596" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Moral Decision-Making in Narrative Games" title="Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Moral Decision-Making in Narrative Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Kenneth Nelson</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/7354618920">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Harnessing Quantum Computing for Advanced Mobile Game Simulations" title="Harnessing Quantum Computing for Advanced Mobile Game Simulations" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-7354618920.gifthub.news/post/7354618920/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/7354618920">Harnessing Quantum Computing for Advanced Mobile Game Simulations</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the potential of mobile games to serve as therapeutic tools in the treatment of mental health conditions, such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD. It examines how game mechanics and immersive environments can be used to provide psychological relief, improve emotional regulation, and facilitate cognitive-behavioral therapy. The study discusses challenges in integrating therapeutic design with traditional game elements and offers recommendations for the development of clinically effective mobile health games.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/7354618920" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Harnessing Quantum Computing for Advanced Mobile Game Simulations" title="Harnessing Quantum Computing for Advanced Mobile Game Simulations" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Dennis Torres</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/5126037849">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Mobile Games and Social Capital: Building Trust Through Gameplay" title="Mobile Games and Social Capital: Building Trust Through Gameplay" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-5126037849.gifthub.news/post/5126037849/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/5126037849">Mobile Games and Social Capital: Building Trust Through Gameplay</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Nostalgia permeates gaming culture, evoking fond memories of classic titles that shaped childhoods and ignited lifelong passions for gaming. The resurgence of remastered versions, reboots, and sequels to beloved franchises taps into this nostalgia, offering players a chance to relive cherished moments while introducing new generations to timeless gaming classics.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-942424255348.gifthub.news/post/5126037849" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Mobile Games and Social Capital: Building Trust Through Gameplay" title="Mobile Games and Social Capital: Building Trust Through Gameplay" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Pamela Kelly</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda