It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Impact of Social Presence on Cooperation in Mobile Strategy Games #034905644796 (2025-02-04)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Impact of Social Presence on Cooperation in Mobile Strategy Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Impact of Social Presence on Cooperation in Mobile Strategy Games #034905644796 (2025-02-04)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/15.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T06:47:31Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Stephen Hamilton" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Impact of Social Presence on Cooperation in Mobile Strategy Games #034905644796 (2025-02-04)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Stephen Hamilton",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T06:47:31Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/15.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/034905644796"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "034905644796",
  52.            "abstract": "The Impact of Social Presence on Cooperation in Mobile Strategy Games #034905644796 (2025-02-04)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Impact of Social Presence on Cooperation in Mobile Strategy Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Stephen Hamilton",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T06:47:31Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="The Impact of Social Presence on Cooperation in Mobile Strategy Games" title="The Impact of Social Presence on Cooperation in Mobile Strategy Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Stephen Hamilton</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-04</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Impact of Social Presence on Cooperation in Mobile Strategy Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Stephen Hamilton for contributing the article "The Impact of Social Presence on Cooperation in Mobile Strategy Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="The Impact of Social Presence on Cooperation in Mobile Strategy Games" title="The Impact of Social Presence on Cooperation in Mobile Strategy Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This meta-analysis synthesizes existing psychometric studies to assess the impact of mobile gaming on cognitive and emotional intelligence. The research systematically reviews empirical evidence regarding the effects of mobile gaming on cognitive abilities, such as memory, attention, and problem-solving, as well as emotional intelligence competencies, such as empathy, emotional regulation, and interpersonal skills. By applying meta-analytic techniques, the study provides robust insights into the cognitive and emotional benefits and drawbacks of mobile gaming, with a particular focus on game genre, duration of gameplay, and individual differences in player characteristics.</p>
  100. <p>Indie game developers play a vital role in shaping the diverse landscape of gaming, bringing fresh perspectives, innovative gameplay mechanics, and compelling narratives to the forefront. Their creative freedom and entrepreneurial spirit fuel a culture of experimentation and discovery, driving the industry forward with bold ideas and unique gaming experiences that captivate players' imaginations.</p>
  101. <p>This research critically examines the ethical considerations of marketing practices in the mobile game industry, focusing on how developers target players through personalized ads, in-app purchases, and player data analysis. The study investigates the ethical implications of targeting vulnerable populations, such as minors, by using persuasive techniques like loot boxes, microtransactions, and time-limited offers. Drawing on ethical frameworks in marketing and consumer protection law, the paper explores the balance between business interests and player welfare, emphasizing the importance of transparency, consent, and social responsibility in game marketing. The research also offers recommendations for ethical advertising practices that avoid manipulation and promote fair treatment of players.</p>
  102. <p>Mobile gaming has democratized access to gaming experiences, empowering billions of smartphone users to dive into a vast array of games ranging from casual puzzles to graphically intensive adventures. The portability and convenience of mobile devices have transformed downtime into playtime, allowing gamers to indulge their passion anytime, anywhere, with a tap of their fingertips.</p>
  103. <p>This paper explores the use of mobile games as learning tools, integrating gamification strategies into educational contexts. The research draws on cognitive learning theories and educational psychology to analyze how game mechanics such as rewards, challenges, and feedback influence knowledge retention, motivation, and problem-solving skills. By reviewing case studies of mobile learning games, the paper identifies best practices for designing educational games that foster deep learning experiences while maintaining player engagement. The study also examines the potential for mobile games to address disparities in education access and equity, particularly in resource-limited environments.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://469694626904-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://522550917748-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://959274211181-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://543143696951-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://953628523541-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://072181236650-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://910505700163-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://926371478696-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://810575677638-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://218224616344-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://491251942990-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://557221042975-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://346071510736-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://821021176909-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://003391835542-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://704877550662-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://770470471711-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://894459639117-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://862939217264-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://201383473918-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?981993680973&amp;url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?895521941189&amp;url=https://naver895521941189-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?436828626826&amp;url=https://naver436828626826-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?184171561023&amp;url=https://naver184171561023-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?118336389062&amp;url=https://naver118336389062-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?835517135553&amp;url=https://naver835517135553-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?700802224067&amp;url=https://naver700802224067-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?606602995447&amp;url=https://naver606602995447-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?161726196287&amp;url=https://naver161726196287-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?409906766336&amp;url=https://naver409906766336-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?526161987069&amp;url=https://naver526161987069-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?689307047947&amp;url=https://naver689307047947-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?614248900527&amp;url=https://naver614248900527-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-615422490320.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-125829680105.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-905968639272.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-521563575157.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-126137727213.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-086014366412.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-879385107710.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-582214522233.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-660301589528.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-048820878190.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-553886142273.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-332295199981.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-968888933211.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-836154498727.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-237125321109.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-993325509115.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-664446160883-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-315526526858-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-409320887321-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1829463507" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/6059387124">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Cognitive Strategies for Resource Management in Real-Time Strategy Games" title="Cognitive Strategies for Resource Management in Real-Time Strategy Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-6059387124.gifthub.news/post/6059387124/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/6059387124">Cognitive Strategies for Resource Management in Real-Time Strategy Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper applies semiotic analysis to the narratives and interactive elements within mobile games, focusing on how mobile games act as cultural artifacts that reflect and shape societal values, ideologies, and cultural norms. The study investigates how game developers use signs, symbols, and codes within mobile games to communicate meaning to players and how players interpret these signs in diverse cultural contexts. By analyzing various mobile games across genres, the paper explores the role of games in reinforcing or challenging cultural representations, identity politics, and the formation of global gaming cultures. The research offers a critique of the ways in which mobile games participate in the construction of collective cultural memory.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/6059387124" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Cognitive Strategies for Resource Management in Real-Time Strategy Games" title="Cognitive Strategies for Resource Management in Real-Time Strategy Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Cynthia Bailey</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/7041653289">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Mythology in Mobile Game Storytelling" title="A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Mythology in Mobile Game Storytelling" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-7041653289.gifthub.news/post/7041653289/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/7041653289">A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Mythology in Mobile Game Storytelling</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the use of mobile games as educational tools, assessing their effectiveness in teaching various subjects and skills. It discusses the advantages and limitations of game-based learning in mobile contexts.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/7041653289" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Mythology in Mobile Game Storytelling" title="A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Mythology in Mobile Game Storytelling" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Pamela Kelly</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1467308952">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Mobile Games on Foldable Devices: Design Considerations and Challenges" title="Mobile Games on Foldable Devices: Design Considerations and Challenges" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-1467308952.gifthub.news/post/1467308952/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1467308952">Mobile Games on Foldable Devices: Design Considerations and Challenges</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the use of mobile games as educational tools, assessing their effectiveness in teaching various subjects and skills. It discusses the advantages and limitations of game-based learning in mobile contexts.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-affm5zotz.gifthub.news/post/1467308952" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Mobile Games on Foldable Devices: Design Considerations and Challenges" title="Mobile Games on Foldable Devices: Design Considerations and Challenges" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Dorothy King</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda