It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>A Computational Framework for Designing Skill-Based Matchmaking Systems in Mobile Games #459613142874 (2025-02-02)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="A Computational Framework for Designing Skill-Based Matchmaking Systems in Mobile Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="A Computational Framework for Designing Skill-Based Matchmaking Systems in Mobile Games #459613142874 (2025-02-02)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-02T03:48:50Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Mark Wright" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "A Computational Framework for Designing Skill-Based Matchmaking Systems in Mobile Games #459613142874 (2025-02-02)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Mark Wright",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-02T03:48:50Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/459613142874"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "459613142874",
  52.            "abstract": "A Computational Framework for Designing Skill-Based Matchmaking Systems in Mobile Games #459613142874 (2025-02-02)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "A Computational Framework for Designing Skill-Based Matchmaking Systems in Mobile Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Mark Wright",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-02T03:48:50Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="A Computational Framework for Designing Skill-Based Matchmaking Systems in Mobile Games" title="A Computational Framework for Designing Skill-Based Matchmaking Systems in Mobile Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Mark Wright</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-02</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">A Computational Framework for Designing Skill-Based Matchmaking Systems in Mobile Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Mark Wright for contributing the article "A Computational Framework for Designing Skill-Based Matchmaking Systems in Mobile Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="A Computational Framework for Designing Skill-Based Matchmaking Systems in Mobile Games" title="A Computational Framework for Designing Skill-Based Matchmaking Systems in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper investigates the ethical concerns surrounding mobile game addiction and its potential societal consequences. It examines the role of game design features, such as reward loops, monetization practices, and social competition, in fostering addictive behaviors among players. The research analyzes current regulatory frameworks across different countries and proposes policy recommendations aimed at mitigating the negative effects of mobile game addiction, with an emphasis on industry self-regulation, consumer protection, and the promotion of healthy gaming habits.</p>
  100. <p>This research explores how storytelling elements in mobile games influence player engagement and emotional investment. It examines the psychological mechanisms that make narrative-driven games compelling, focusing on immersion, empathy, and character development. The study also assesses how mobile game developers can use narrative structures to enhance long-term player retention and satisfaction.</p>
  101. <p>Gaming's impact on education is profound, with gamified learning platforms revolutionizing how students engage with academic content. By incorporating game elements such as rewards, challenges, and progression systems into educational software, educators are able to make learning more interactive, enjoyable, and effective, catering to diverse learning styles and enhancing retention rates.</p>
  102. <p>Gaming events and conventions serve as epicenters of excitement and celebration, where developers unveil new titles, showcase cutting-edge technology, host competitive tournaments, and connect with fans face-to-face. Events like E3, Gamescom, and PAX are not just gatherings but cultural phenomena that unite gaming enthusiasts in shared anticipation, excitement, and camaraderie.</p>
  103. <p>This research explores the potential of augmented reality (AR)-powered mobile games for enhancing educational experiences. The study examines how AR technology can be integrated into mobile games to provide immersive learning environments where players interact with both virtual and physical elements in real-time. Drawing on educational theories and gamification principles, the paper explores how AR mobile games can be used to teach complex concepts, such as science, history, and mathematics, through interactive simulations and hands-on learning. The research also evaluates the effectiveness of AR mobile games in fostering engagement, retention, and critical thinking in educational contexts, offering recommendations for future development.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://274427458951-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://355253913695-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://203688816369-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://115910046671-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://963333953222-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://104840751253-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://357915111445-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://730162483868-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://843068304196-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://607852336443-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://791178962279-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://119529290985-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://219964233440-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://247574485448-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://367366998884-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://308643777424-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://873418254091-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://690488919873-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://140983470722-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://657156225373-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?274152576665&amp;url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?903085240056&amp;url=https://naver903085240056-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?689217644159&amp;url=https://naver689217644159-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?316083684982&amp;url=https://naver316083684982-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?416412180012&amp;url=https://naver416412180012-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?786192134842&amp;url=https://naver786192134842-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?201699841583&amp;url=https://naver201699841583-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?891802170890&amp;url=https://naver891802170890-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?014598818978&amp;url=https://naver014598818978-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?962011391581&amp;url=https://naver962011391581-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?708888999348&amp;url=https://naver708888999348-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?120018804116&amp;url=https://naver120018804116-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?256305485364&amp;url=https://naver256305485364-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-153097900002.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-893304929569.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-107634150469.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-250251440771.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-263220130904.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-410466481417.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-561648765187.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-101202643790.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-338589245309.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-276795505635.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-890269203151.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-075616643313.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-863437916043.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-974289497058.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-622054340783.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-485180577905.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-954660423739-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-163241699218-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-265966552018-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/7610852439" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/5648029731">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Game Asset Provenance Through Decentralized Ledger Systems" title="Game Asset Provenance Through Decentralized Ledger Systems" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5648029731.mit-edu.top/post/5648029731/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/5648029731">Game Asset Provenance Through Decentralized Ledger Systems</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the potential of mobile games to serve as therapeutic tools in the treatment of mental health conditions, such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD. It examines how game mechanics and immersive environments can be used to provide psychological relief, improve emotional regulation, and facilitate cognitive-behavioral therapy. The study discusses challenges in integrating therapeutic design with traditional game elements and offers recommendations for the development of clinically effective mobile health games.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/5648029731" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Game Asset Provenance Through Decentralized Ledger Systems" title="Game Asset Provenance Through Decentralized Ledger Systems" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Michael Davis</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/6859270413">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events" title="The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-6859270413.mit-edu.top/post/6859270413/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/6859270413">The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Game streaming platforms like Twitch, YouTube Gaming, and Mixer have revolutionized how gamers consume and interact with gaming content, turning everyday players into content creators, influencers, and entertainers. Livestreamed gameplay, interactive chats, and community engagement redefine the gaming experience, transforming passive consumption into dynamic, participatory entertainment.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/6859270413" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events" title="The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Susan Thomas</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/4052673891">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="The Role of Cultural Context in Mobile Game Localization: A Multi-Case Study" title="The Role of Cultural Context in Mobile Game Localization: A Multi-Case Study" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-4052673891.mit-edu.top/post/4052673891/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/4052673891">The Role of Cultural Context in Mobile Game Localization: A Multi-Case Study</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Game streaming platforms like Twitch, YouTube Gaming, and Mixer have revolutionized how gamers consume and interact with gaming content, turning everyday players into content creators, influencers, and entertainers. Livestreamed gameplay, interactive chats, and community engagement redefine the gaming experience, transforming passive consumption into dynamic, participatory entertainment.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-affmq4kra.mit-edu.top/post/4052673891" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="The Role of Cultural Context in Mobile Game Localization: A Multi-Case Study" title="The Role of Cultural Context in Mobile Game Localization: A Multi-Case Study" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Sharon Cox</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda