It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis #404955367213 (2025-02-09)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis #404955367213 (2025-02-09)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-08T18:15:12Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Jacqueline Foster" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis #404955367213 (2025-02-09)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Jacqueline Foster",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-08T18:15:12Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/404955367213"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "404955367213",
  52.            "abstract": "Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis #404955367213 (2025-02-09)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Jacqueline Foster",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-08T18:15:12Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" title="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Jacqueline Foster</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-09</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Jacqueline Foster for contributing the article "Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" title="Measuring Social Connectivity in Online Game Communities Using Graph Analysis" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research examines how mobile gaming facilitates social interactions among players, focusing on community building, communication patterns, and the formation of virtual identities. It also considers the implications of mobile gaming on social behavior and relationships.</p>
  100. <p>This research explores the use of adaptive learning algorithms and machine learning techniques in mobile games to personalize player experiences. The study examines how machine learning models can analyze player behavior and dynamically adjust game content, difficulty levels, and in-game rewards to optimize player engagement. By integrating concepts from reinforcement learning and predictive modeling, the paper investigates the potential of personalized game experiences in increasing player retention and satisfaction. The research also considers the ethical implications of data collection and algorithmic bias, emphasizing the importance of transparent data practices and fair personalization mechanisms in ensuring a positive player experience.</p>
  101. <p>This study delves into the various strategies that mobile game developers use to maximize user retention, including personalized content, rewards systems, and social integration. It explores how data analytics are employed to track player behavior, predict churn, and optimize engagement strategies. The research also discusses the ethical concerns related to user tracking and retention tactics, proposing frameworks for responsible data use.</p>
  102. <p>The future of gaming is a tapestry woven with technological innovations, creative visions, and player-driven evolution. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), cloud gaming, and blockchain technology promise to revolutionize how we play, experience, and interact with games, ushering in an era of unprecedented possibilities and immersive experiences.</p>
  103. <p>Gaming has become a universal language, transcending geographical boundaries and language barriers. It allows players from all walks of life to connect, communicate, and collaborate through shared experiences, fostering friendships that span the globe. The rise of online multiplayer gaming has further strengthened these connections, enabling players to form communities, join guilds, and participate in global events, creating a sense of camaraderie and belonging in a digital world.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://845861210684-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://061504923432-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://086254049625-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://856915411672-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://064418626342-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://756719204995-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://437605802243-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://015740025697-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://527016550310-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://891026437002-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://014573235936-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://692624704817-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://550251452810-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://234737497769-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://130622377403-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://559840863246-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://086862876848-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://076816172156-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://143577286862-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://140734632224-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?941157871129&amp;url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?857543858831&amp;url=https://naver857543858831-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?304627021236&amp;url=https://naver304627021236-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?913136022876&amp;url=https://naver913136022876-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?152046176638&amp;url=https://naver152046176638-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?340464166579&amp;url=https://naver340464166579-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?182479085289&amp;url=https://naver182479085289-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?806560394431&amp;url=https://naver806560394431-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?957605623860&amp;url=https://naver957605623860-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?769298188835&amp;url=https://naver769298188835-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?974428513274&amp;url=https://naver974428513274-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?736122299229&amp;url=https://naver736122299229-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?148032520072&amp;url=https://naver148032520072-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-824252636258.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-577509414317.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-570677850285.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-449074832682.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-633065822889.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-575693248156.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-649808071488.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-060249206766.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-180006660651.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-468607413437.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-468045654764.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-331396542403.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-144598344148.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-614080524653.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-318659973423.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-257762633042.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-194560901767-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-655007433200-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-473888098554-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3659042781" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3471052986">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Predicting Viral Game Success Through Early Market Trends" title="Predicting Viral Game Success Through Early Market Trends" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-3471052986.mit-edu.top/post/3471052986/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-09</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3471052986">Predicting Viral Game Success Through Early Market Trends</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms in predicting player behavior and personalizing mobile game experiences. The research investigates how AI techniques such as collaborative filtering, reinforcement learning, and predictive analytics can be used to adapt game difficulty, narrative progression, and in-game rewards based on individual player preferences and past behavior. By drawing on concepts from behavioral science and AI, the study evaluates the effectiveness of AI-powered personalization in enhancing player engagement, retention, and monetization. The paper also considers the ethical challenges of AI-driven personalization, including the potential for manipulation and algorithmic bias.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/3471052986" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Predicting Viral Game Success Through Early Market Trends" title="Predicting Viral Game Success Through Early Market Trends" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Mark Wright</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-09 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/5384961270">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="The Psychology of Progression Systems in Role-Playing Mobile Games" title="The Psychology of Progression Systems in Role-Playing Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-5384961270.mit-edu.top/post/5384961270/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-09</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/5384961270">The Psychology of Progression Systems in Role-Playing Mobile Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">Virtual reality transports players to alternate dimensions, blurring the lines between reality and fiction, and offering glimpses of futuristic realms yet to be explored. Through immersive simulations and interactive experiences, VR technology revolutionizes gaming, providing unprecedented levels of immersion and engagement. From virtual adventures in space to realistic simulations of historical events, VR opens doors to limitless possibilities, inviting players to step into worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/5384961270" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="The Psychology of Progression Systems in Role-Playing Mobile Games" title="The Psychology of Progression Systems in Role-Playing Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Patricia Brown</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-09 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/6701948253">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Neural Decoding of Player Actions in Fully Immersive VR Games" title="Neural Decoding of Player Actions in Fully Immersive VR Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-6701948253.mit-edu.top/post/6701948253/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-09</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/6701948253">Neural Decoding of Player Actions in Fully Immersive VR Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">The quest for achievements and trophies fuels the drive for mastery, pushing gamers to hone their skills and conquer challenges that once seemed insurmountable. Whether completing 100% of a game's objectives or achieving top rankings in competitive modes, the pursuit of virtual accolades reflects a thirst for excellence and a desire to push boundaries. The sense of accomplishment that comes with unlocking achievements drives players to continually improve and excel in their gaming endeavors.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-affpxokdn.mit-edu.top/post/6701948253" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/8.jpg" alt="Neural Decoding of Player Actions in Fully Immersive VR Games" title="Neural Decoding of Player Actions in Fully Immersive VR Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Raymond Henderson</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-09 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda