It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Optimizing Subscription Models in Mobile Games Through A/B Testing #762895598058 (2025-02-04)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Optimizing Subscription Models in Mobile Games Through A/B Testing" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Optimizing Subscription Models in Mobile Games Through A/B Testing #762895598058 (2025-02-04)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-03T19:42:50Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Sandra Scott" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Optimizing Subscription Models in Mobile Games Through A/B Testing #762895598058 (2025-02-04)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Sandra Scott",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-03T19:42:50Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/762895598058"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "762895598058",
  52.            "abstract": "Optimizing Subscription Models in Mobile Games Through A/B Testing #762895598058 (2025-02-04)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Optimizing Subscription Models in Mobile Games Through A/B Testing",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Sandra Scott",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-03T19:42:50Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Optimizing Subscription Models in Mobile Games Through A/B Testing" title="Optimizing Subscription Models in Mobile Games Through A/B Testing" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Sandra Scott</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-04</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Optimizing Subscription Models in Mobile Games Through A/B Testing</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Sandra Scott for contributing the article "Optimizing Subscription Models in Mobile Games Through A/B Testing".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Optimizing Subscription Models in Mobile Games Through A/B Testing" title="Optimizing Subscription Models in Mobile Games Through A/B Testing" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>The fusion of gaming and storytelling has birthed narrative-driven masterpieces that transport players on epic journeys filled with rich characters, moral dilemmas, and immersive worlds. Role-playing games (RPGs), interactive dramas, and story-driven adventures weave intricate narratives that resonate with players on emotional, intellectual, and narrative levels, blurring the line between gaming and literature.</p>
  100. <p>The debate surrounding the potential impact of violent video games on behavior continues to spark discussions and research within the gaming community and beyond. While some studies suggest a correlation between exposure to violent content and aggressive tendencies, the nuanced relationship between media consumption, psychological factors, and real-world behavior remains a topic of ongoing study and debate.</p>
  101. <p>This research investigates how mobile gaming influences cognitive skills such as problem-solving, attention span, and spatial reasoning. It analyzes both positive and negative effects, providing insights into the potential educational benefits and drawbacks of mobile gaming.</p>
  102. <p>This research evaluates the environmental sustainability of the mobile gaming industry, focusing on the environmental footprint of game development, distribution, and consumption. The study examines energy consumption patterns, electronic waste generation, and resource use across the mobile gaming lifecycle, offering a comprehensive assessment of the industry's impact on global sustainability. It also explores innovative approaches to mitigate these effects, such as green game design principles, eco-friendly server technologies, and sustainable mobile device manufacturing practices.</p>
  103. <p>This paper examines how mobile games can be utilized as platforms for social advocacy and political mobilization, particularly in the context of global social movements. The study explores the potential for mobile games to raise awareness about social justice issues, such as climate change, gender equality, and human rights, by engaging players in interactive, narrative-driven activism. By drawing on theories of participatory media and political communication, the research analyzes how game mechanics can be used to simulate real-world social challenges, promote empathy, and encourage collective action. The paper also discusses the ethical challenges of gamifying serious issues and the risks of oversimplification or exploitation of activism.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://249030938916-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://165875708635-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://453640264268-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://261163889366-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://937700345609-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://726153970096-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://474301095775-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://709379342967-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://355364002442-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://642110690538-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://562768594020-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://421675930252-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://222385131317-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://266769711989-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://583608831069-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://572714530106-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://188386244605-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://588694552823-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://277298907736-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://460820488248-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?703085413142&amp;url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?033817453446&amp;url=https://naver033817453446-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?594329209507&amp;url=https://naver594329209507-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?149463777059&amp;url=https://naver149463777059-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?705159809341&amp;url=https://naver705159809341-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?261111926862&amp;url=https://naver261111926862-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?230045926441&amp;url=https://naver230045926441-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?431365481502&amp;url=https://naver431365481502-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?795381615610&amp;url=https://naver795381615610-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?213857900037&amp;url=https://naver213857900037-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?685746015554&amp;url=https://naver685746015554-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?726288309695&amp;url=https://naver726288309695-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?485499158732&amp;url=https://naver485499158732-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-334980452080.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-811781320879.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-885669802391.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-347646737916.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-048035014670.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-560800944709.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-372163777570.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-172539696776.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-760230178384.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-752509627871.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-730407084008.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-125953438689.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-641329503544.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-352853775261.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-614582547780.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-630995421717.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-084601772221-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-575243216316-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-958020738299-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/2504193876" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/4608953721">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Immersive Narratives in Hybrid Realities: A Game Design Perspective" title="Immersive Narratives in Hybrid Realities: A Game Design Perspective" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-4608953721.mit-edu.top/post/4608953721/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/4608953721">Immersive Narratives in Hybrid Realities: A Game Design Perspective</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study examines the psychological effects of mobile game addiction, including its impact on mental health, social relationships, and academic performance. It also explores societal perceptions of gaming addiction and discusses potential interventions and preventive measures.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/4608953721" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Immersive Narratives in Hybrid Realities: A Game Design Perspective" title="Immersive Narratives in Hybrid Realities: A Game Design Perspective" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>David Hernandez</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/0918723456">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Anomaly Detection in Mobile Game Transactions Using Graph Neural Networks" title="Anomaly Detection in Mobile Game Transactions Using Graph Neural Networks" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-0918723456.mit-edu.top/post/0918723456/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/0918723456">Anomaly Detection in Mobile Game Transactions Using Graph Neural Networks</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">The siren song of RPGs beckons with its immersive narratives, drawing players into worlds so vividly crafted that the boundaries between reality and fantasy blur, leaving gamers spellbound in their pixelated destinies. From epic tales of heroism and adventure to nuanced character-driven dramas, RPGs offer a storytelling experience unlike any other, allowing players to become the protagonists of their own epic sagas. The freedom to make choices, shape the narrative, and explore vast, richly detailed worlds sparks the imagination and fosters a deep emotional connection with the virtual realms they inhabit.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/0918723456" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Anomaly Detection in Mobile Game Transactions Using Graph Neural Networks" title="Anomaly Detection in Mobile Game Transactions Using Graph Neural Networks" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Mary Johnson</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/5127496803">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="Leveraging Tokenized Game Assets to Foster Player-Driven Economies in Mobile Games" title="Leveraging Tokenized Game Assets to Foster Player-Driven Economies in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-5127496803.mit-edu.top/post/5127496803/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/5127496803">Leveraging Tokenized Game Assets to Foster Player-Driven Economies in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Gaming culture has evolved into a vibrant and interconnected community where players from diverse backgrounds and cultures converge. They share strategies, forge lasting alliances, and engage in friendly competition, turning virtual friendships into real-world connections that span continents. This global network of gamers not only celebrates shared interests and passions but also fosters a sense of unity and belonging in a world that can often feel fragmented. From online forums and social media groups to live gaming events and conventions, the camaraderie and mutual respect among gamers continue to strengthen the bonds that unite this dynamic community.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-affum90tk.mit-edu.top/post/5127496803" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Leveraging Tokenized Game Assets to Foster Player-Driven Economies in Mobile Games" title="Leveraging Tokenized Game Assets to Foster Player-Driven Economies in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Eric Howard</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda