It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion #617987660791 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion #617987660791 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T01:48:04Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. George Baker" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion #617987660791 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. George Baker",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T01:48:04Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/617987660791"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "617987660791",
  52.            "abstract": "Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion #617987660791 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion",
  56.                "author": "Dr. George Baker",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T01:48:04Z",
  58.                "url": "https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion" title="Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">George Baker</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to George Baker for contributing the article "Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion" title="Quantifying the Impact of In-Game Advertisements on Player Immersion" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper investigates how different motivational theories, such as self-determination theory (SDT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), are applied to mobile health games that aim to promote positive behavioral changes in health-related practices. The study compares various mobile health games and their design elements, including rewards, goal-setting, and social support mechanisms, to evaluate how these elements align with motivational frameworks and influence long-term health behavior change. The paper provides recommendations for designers on how to integrate motivational theory into mobile health games to maximize user engagement, retention, and sustained behavioral modification.</p>
  100. <p>This paper explores the increasing integration of social media features in mobile games, such as in-game sharing, leaderboards, and social network connectivity. It examines how these features influence player behavior, community engagement, and the overall gaming experience. The research also discusses the benefits and challenges of incorporating social elements into games, particularly in terms of user privacy, data sharing, and online safety.</p>
  101. <p>Gaming has become a universal language, transcending geographical boundaries and language barriers. It allows players from all walks of life to connect, communicate, and collaborate through shared experiences, fostering friendships that span the globe. The rise of online multiplayer gaming has further strengthened these connections, enabling players to form communities, join guilds, and participate in global events, creating a sense of camaraderie and belonging in a digital world.</p>
  102. <p>This research investigates the role of user experience (UX) design in mobile gaming, focusing on how players from different cultural backgrounds interact with mobile games and perceive gameplay elements. The study compares UX design preferences and usability testing results from players in various regions, such as North America, Europe, and Asia. By applying cross-cultural psychology and design theory, the paper analyzes how cultural values, technological literacy, and gaming traditions influence player engagement, satisfaction, and learning outcomes in mobile games. The research provides actionable insights into how UX designers can tailor game interfaces, mechanics, and narratives to better suit diverse global audiences.</p>
  103. <p>Game developers are the visionary architects behind the mesmerizing worlds and captivating narratives that define modern gaming experiences. Their tireless innovation and creativity have propelled the industry forward, delivering groundbreaking titles that blur the line between reality and fantasy, leaving players awestruck and eager for the next technological marvel.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://502299106708-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://663843198125-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://033361711941-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://951521488773-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://182995508835-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://906001196348-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://587365673963-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://523406997697-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://717352211047-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://515812174514-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://213973745480-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://612716568050-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://377728140547-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://912460531713-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://460375303085-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://900955747993-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://047118564592-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://123431031137-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://602391795417-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://274723036389-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?483696356596&amp;url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?766308035417&amp;url=https://naver766308035417-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?811449388657&amp;url=https://naver811449388657-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?383942618349&amp;url=https://naver383942618349-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?153604485639&amp;url=https://naver153604485639-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?578344172477&amp;url=https://naver578344172477-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?639564580840&amp;url=https://naver639564580840-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?399852819753&amp;url=https://naver399852819753-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?161408272138&amp;url=https://naver161408272138-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?687672601697&amp;url=https://naver687672601697-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?888853270321&amp;url=https://naver888853270321-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?249462321088&amp;url=https://naver249462321088-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?259418106092&amp;url=https://naver259418106092-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-419451576422.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-754853788629.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-439149380226.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-484136301887.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-156018962976.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-804937585098.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-638827642244.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-141348029523.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-282882745628.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-392616121265.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-167120458737.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-911574303575.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-297314830643.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-788662353400.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-931399828659.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-043117496352.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-587838921061-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-953719724036-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-885410679452-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4813065297" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4398610275">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="Dynamic Pricing Models for Seasonal Content in Live Service Games" title="Dynamic Pricing Models for Seasonal Content in Live Service Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-4398610275.mit-edu.top/post/4398610275/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4398610275">Dynamic Pricing Models for Seasonal Content in Live Service Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research investigates the potential of mobile games as tools for political engagement and civic education, focusing on how game mechanics can be used to teach democratic values, political participation, and social activism. The study compares gamified civic education games across different cultures and political systems, analyzing their effectiveness in fostering political literacy, voter participation, and civic responsibility. By applying frameworks from political science and education theory, the paper assesses the impact of mobile games on shaping young people's political beliefs and behaviors, while also examining the ethical implications of using games for political socialization.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/4398610275" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Dynamic Pricing Models for Seasonal Content in Live Service Games" title="Dynamic Pricing Models for Seasonal Content in Live Service Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Benjamin Powell</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/5241389760">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Educational Tools in Developing Nations: Opportunities and Challenges" title="Mobile Games as Educational Tools in Developing Nations: Opportunities and Challenges" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-5241389760.mit-edu.top/post/5241389760/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/5241389760">Mobile Games as Educational Tools in Developing Nations: Opportunities and Challenges</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research examines how mobile gaming facilitates social interactions among players, focusing on community building, communication patterns, and the formation of virtual identities. It also considers the implications of mobile gaming on social behavior and relationships.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/5241389760" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Educational Tools in Developing Nations: Opportunities and Challenges" title="Mobile Games as Educational Tools in Developing Nations: Opportunities and Challenges" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>David Hernandez</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/2376895401">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications" title="Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2376895401.mit-edu.top/post/2376895401/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/2376895401">Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the impact of user-centric design principles in mobile games, focusing on how personalization and customization options influence player satisfaction and engagement. The research analyzes how mobile games employ features such as personalized avatars, dynamic content, and adaptive difficulty settings to cater to individual player preferences. By applying frameworks from human-computer interaction (HCI), motivation theory, and user experience (UX) design, the study explores how these design elements contribute to increased player retention, emotional attachment, and long-term engagement. The paper also considers the challenges of balancing personalization with accessibility, ensuring that customization does not exclude or frustrate diverse player groups.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://blog-affzws3jg.mit-edu.top/post/2376895401" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications" title="Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Joshua Gray</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda