It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Optimization of Procedural Content Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithms #116271946523 (2025-02-04)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Optimization of Procedural Content Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithms" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Optimization of Procedural Content Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithms #116271946523 (2025-02-04)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T03:50:48Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Sandra Scott" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Optimization of Procedural Content Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithms #116271946523 (2025-02-04)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Sandra Scott",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T03:50:48Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/116271946523"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://bwary7.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "116271946523",
  52.            "abstract": "Optimization of Procedural Content Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithms #116271946523 (2025-02-04)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Optimization of Procedural Content Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithms",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Sandra Scott",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T03:50:48Z",
  58.                "url": "https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://bwary7.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="Optimization of Procedural Content Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithms" title="Optimization of Procedural Content Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithms" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Sandra Scott</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-04</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Optimization of Procedural Content Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithms</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Sandra Scott for contributing the article "Optimization of Procedural Content Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithms".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Optimization of Procedural Content Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithms" title="Optimization of Procedural Content Generation Using Evolutionary Algorithms" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research investigates the role of the psychological concept of "flow" in mobile gaming, focusing on the cognitive mechanisms that lead to optimal player experiences. Drawing upon cognitive science and game theory, the study explores how mobile games are designed to facilitate flow states through dynamic challenge-skill balancing, immediate feedback, and immersive environments. The paper also considers the implications of sustained flow experiences on player well-being, skill development, and the potential for using mobile games as tools for cognitive enhancement and education.</p>
  100. <p>This study explores the integration of augmented reality (AR) technologies in mobile games, examining how AR enhances user engagement and immersion. It discusses technical challenges, user acceptance, and the future potential of AR in mobile gaming.</p>
  101. <p>This research investigates the ethical and psychological implications of microtransaction systems in mobile games, particularly in free-to-play models. The study examines how microtransactions, which allow players to purchase in-game items, cosmetics, or advantages, influence player behavior, spending habits, and overall satisfaction. Drawing on ethical theory and psychological models of consumer decision-making, the paper explores how microtransactions contribute to the phenomenon of “pay-to-win,” exploitation of vulnerable players, and player frustration. The research also evaluates the psychological impact of loot boxes, virtual currency, and in-app purchases, offering recommendations for ethical monetization practices that prioritize player well-being without compromising developer profitability.</p>
  102. <p>This study investigates the use of gamification techniques in mobile learning applications, focusing on how game-like elements such as scoring, badges, and leaderboards influence user engagement and motivation. It assesses the effectiveness of gamification in enhancing learning outcomes, particularly in educational apps targeting children and young adults. The paper also addresses challenges in designing gamified systems that balance educational value with entertainment.</p>
  103. <p>This study examines the impact of cognitive load on player performance and enjoyment in mobile games, particularly those with complex gameplay mechanics. The research investigates how different levels of complexity, such as multitasking, resource management, and strategic decision-making, influence players' cognitive processes and emotional responses. Drawing on cognitive load theory and flow theory, the paper explores how game designers can optimize the balance between challenge and skill to enhance player engagement and enjoyment. The study also evaluates how players' cognitive load varies with game genre, such as puzzle games, action games, and role-playing games, providing recommendations for designing games that promote optimal cognitive engagement.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://076492919295-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://055708985882-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://780526624374-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://575595100671-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://579168336488-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://051599956506-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://016184342358-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://192831747896-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://791442053772-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://106332252436-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://500290979114-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://319796907641-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://966110770809-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://996908340319-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://910684771483-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://460540440130-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://965096998966-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://443682928073-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://027040147746-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://345141895154-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?457265668372&amp;url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?496161705329&amp;url=https://naver496161705329-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?509124560396&amp;url=https://naver509124560396-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?853681931548&amp;url=https://naver853681931548-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?728251212224&amp;url=https://naver728251212224-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?781711406865&amp;url=https://naver781711406865-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?058112985810&amp;url=https://naver058112985810-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?042264733915&amp;url=https://naver042264733915-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?065642148069&amp;url=https://naver065642148069-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?368850955171&amp;url=https://naver368850955171-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?655947443017&amp;url=https://naver655947443017-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?232038075950&amp;url=https://naver232038075950-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?045553719213&amp;url=https://naver045553719213-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-968260093307.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-214709714360.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-732653059986.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-985316037518.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-599925909174.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-570578167708.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-402163012915.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-516433981938.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-855535476692.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-093394946599.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-887981877321.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-878548747187.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-672221110808.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-086728815769.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-634443110333.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-444535444026.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-807483447982-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-203336681135-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-679071662410-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/8362754190" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/7451098236">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="AI-Powered Narratives in Fully Player-Driven Story Worlds" title="AI-Powered Narratives in Fully Player-Driven Story Worlds" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-7451098236.mit-edu.top/post/7451098236/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/7451098236">AI-Powered Narratives in Fully Player-Driven Story Worlds</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research explores how mobile gaming influences cultural identity and expression across different regions. It examines the role of mobile games in cultural exchange, preservation, and the representation of diverse cultures. This research investigates how mobile gaming affects sleep quality and duration, considering factors such as screen time, game content, and player demographics. It provides insights into the health implications of mobile gaming habits.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/7451098236" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="AI-Powered Narratives in Fully Player-Driven Story Worlds" title="AI-Powered Narratives in Fully Player-Driven Story Worlds" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Brian Phillips</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/1206745839">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Optimizing Smart Contracts for Secure and Scalable Game Asset Transactions" title="Optimizing Smart Contracts for Secure and Scalable Game Asset Transactions" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-1206745839.mit-edu.top/post/1206745839/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/1206745839">Optimizing Smart Contracts for Secure and Scalable Game Asset Transactions</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper examines the role of multiplayer mobile games in facilitating socialization, community building, and the formation of online social networks. The study investigates how multiplayer features such as cooperative gameplay, competitive modes, and guilds foster interaction among players and create virtual communities. Drawing on social network theory and community dynamics, the research explores the impact of multiplayer mobile games on players' social behavior, including collaboration, communication, and identity formation. The paper also evaluates the potential negative effects of online gaming communities, such as toxicity, exclusion, and cyberbullying, and offers strategies for developers to promote positive social interaction and inclusive communities in multiplayer games.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/1206745839" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="Optimizing Smart Contracts for Secure and Scalable Game Asset Transactions" title="Optimizing Smart Contracts for Secure and Scalable Game Asset Transactions" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Scott Bennett</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/9105678243">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="Assessing the Impact of Real-World Currency Fluctuations on Virtual Game Economies" title="Assessing the Impact of Real-World Currency Fluctuations on Virtual Game Economies" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-9105678243.mit-edu.top/post/9105678243/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-04</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/9105678243">Assessing the Impact of Real-World Currency Fluctuations on Virtual Game Economies</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Nostalgia permeates gaming culture, evoking fond memories of classic titles that shaped childhoods and ignited lifelong passions for gaming. The resurgence of remastered versions, reboots, and sequels to beloved franchises taps into this nostalgia, offering players a chance to relive cherished moments while introducing new generations to timeless gaming classics.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://bwary7.mit-edu.top/post/9105678243" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Assessing the Impact of Real-World Currency Fluctuations on Virtual Game Economies" title="Assessing the Impact of Real-World Currency Fluctuations on Virtual Game Economies" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Emily Carter</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-04 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda