It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries #151413510547 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries #151413510547 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T07:09:56Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Linda Miller" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries #151413510547 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Linda Miller",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T07:09:56Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/151413510547"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "151413510547",
  52.            "abstract": "Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries #151413510547 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Linda Miller",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T07:09:56Z",
  58.                "url": "https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries" title="Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Linda Miller</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Linda Miller for contributing the article "Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries" title="Examining the Sociocultural Impact of Mobile Games in Developing Countries" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Game soundtracks, with their mesmerizing melodies and epic compositions, serve as the heartbeat of virtual adventures, evoking emotions that amplify the gaming experience. From haunting orchestral scores to adrenaline-pumping electronic beats, music sets the tone for gameplay, enhancing atmosphere, and heightening emotions. The synergy between gameplay and sound creates moments of cinematic grandeur, transforming gaming sessions into epic journeys of the senses.</p>
  100. <p>Accessibility initiatives in gaming are essential to ensuring inclusivity and equal opportunities for players of all abilities. Features such as customizable controls, colorblind modes, subtitles, and assistive technologies empower gamers with disabilities to enjoy gaming experiences on par with their peers, fostering a more inclusive and welcoming gaming ecosystem.</p>
  101. <p>This study investigates the potential of blockchain technology to decentralize mobile gaming, offering new opportunities for player empowerment and developer autonomy. By leveraging smart contracts, decentralized finance (DeFi), and non-fungible tokens (NFTs), blockchain could allow players to truly own in-game assets, trade them across platforms, and participate in decentralized governance of games. The paper examines the technological challenges, economic opportunities, and legal implications of blockchain integration in mobile gaming ecosystems. It also considers the ethical concerns regarding virtual asset ownership and the potential for blockchain to disrupt existing monetization models.</p>
  102. <p>This research investigates the ethical, psychological, and economic impacts of virtual item purchases in free-to-play mobile games. The study explores how microtransactions and virtual goods, such as skins, power-ups, and loot boxes, influence player behavior, spending habits, and overall satisfaction. Drawing on consumer behavior theory, economic models, and psychological studies of behavior change, the paper examines the role of virtual goods in creating addictive spending patterns, particularly among vulnerable populations such as minors or players with compulsive tendencies. The research also discusses the ethical implications of monetizing gameplay through virtual goods and provides recommendations for developers to create fairer and more transparent in-game purchase systems.</p>
  103. <p>This research investigates how mobile games contribute to the transhumanist imagination by exploring themes of human enhancement and augmented reality (AR). The study examines how mobile AR games, such as Pokémon Go, offer new forms of interaction between players and their physical environments, effectively blurring the boundaries between the digital and physical worlds. Drawing on transhumanist philosophy and media theory, the paper explores the implications of AR technology for redefining human perception, cognition, and embodiment. It also addresses ethical concerns related to the over-reliance on AR technologies and the potential for social disconnection.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://988799478075-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://918243960420-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://947122520390-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://348145647461-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://868801905618-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://960900034849-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://313150347128-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://328899786777-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://780265196502-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://636359181070-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://048726494521-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://030791055791-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://710817922894-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://534086190260-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://475045116208-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://900190643052-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://771708755359-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://971591491510-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://575881159239-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://114650647707-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?946108155743&amp;url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?959882793268&amp;url=https://naver959882793268-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?223003798408&amp;url=https://naver223003798408-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?224809295173&amp;url=https://naver224809295173-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?443879792092&amp;url=https://naver443879792092-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?472212145625&amp;url=https://naver472212145625-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?544162417894&amp;url=https://naver544162417894-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?763973210441&amp;url=https://naver763973210441-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?765238883309&amp;url=https://naver765238883309-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?541230607004&amp;url=https://naver541230607004-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?336381557080&amp;url=https://naver336381557080-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?979209254387&amp;url=https://naver979209254387-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?358159693231&amp;url=https://naver358159693231-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-387195282103.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-139567302218.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-278501649359.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-977298511578.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-208539457207.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-372317205025.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-986133964827.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-763593321562.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-293805394018.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-314796573822.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-255311641921.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-561962894273.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-930213539070.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-234327473579.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-859287670702.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-065063197529.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-377635621649-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-417488694201-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-611373301174-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9376402185" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/3489512076">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Impact of Lighting and Environment Dynamics on Player Immersion in AR Games" title="Impact of Lighting and Environment Dynamics on Player Immersion in AR Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-3489512076.mit-edu.top/post/3489512076/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/3489512076">Impact of Lighting and Environment Dynamics on Player Immersion in AR Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  195.                            <a href="https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/3489512076" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="Impact of Lighting and Environment Dynamics on Player Immersion in AR Games" title="Impact of Lighting and Environment Dynamics on Player Immersion in AR Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Brian Phillips</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9475628013">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/10.jpg" alt="Gesture Recognition Optimization in AR Games Through Lightweight Neural Networks" title="Gesture Recognition Optimization in AR Games Through Lightweight Neural Networks" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9475628013.mit-edu.top/post/9475628013/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9475628013">Gesture Recognition Optimization in AR Games Through Lightweight Neural Networks</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper analyzes the economic contributions of the mobile gaming industry to local economies, including job creation, revenue generation, and the development of related sectors such as tourism and retail. It provides case studies from various regions to illustrate these impacts.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/9475628013" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="Gesture Recognition Optimization in AR Games Through Lightweight Neural Networks" title="Gesture Recognition Optimization in AR Games Through Lightweight Neural Networks" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Peter Butler</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/5469301287">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="Federated Learning for Personalized Game Difficulty Adjustment in Mobile Platforms" title="Federated Learning for Personalized Game Difficulty Adjustment in Mobile Platforms" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-5469301287.mit-edu.top/post/5469301287/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/5469301287">Federated Learning for Personalized Game Difficulty Adjustment in Mobile Platforms</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">The siren song of RPGs beckons with its immersive narratives, drawing players into worlds so vividly crafted that the boundaries between reality and fantasy blur, leaving gamers spellbound in their pixelated destinies. From epic tales of heroism and adventure to nuanced character-driven dramas, RPGs offer a storytelling experience unlike any other, allowing players to become the protagonists of their own epic sagas. The freedom to make choices, shape the narrative, and explore vast, richly detailed worlds sparks the imagination and fosters a deep emotional connection with the virtual realms they inhabit.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://d2rsup.mit-edu.top/post/5469301287" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Federated Learning for Personalized Game Difficulty Adjustment in Mobile Platforms" title="Federated Learning for Personalized Game Difficulty Adjustment in Mobile Platforms" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Lisa Walker</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda