It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Impact of Wearable AR Devices on Social Interactions in Game Communities #280450175613 (2025-02-06)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Impact of Wearable AR Devices on Social Interactions in Game Communities" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Impact of Wearable AR Devices on Social Interactions in Game Communities #280450175613 (2025-02-06)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-05T23:49:15Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Larry Sanders" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Impact of Wearable AR Devices on Social Interactions in Game Communities #280450175613 (2025-02-06)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Larry Sanders",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-05T23:49:15Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/280450175613"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "280450175613",
  52.            "abstract": "The Impact of Wearable AR Devices on Social Interactions in Game Communities #280450175613 (2025-02-06)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Impact of Wearable AR Devices on Social Interactions in Game Communities",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Larry Sanders",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-05T23:49:15Z",
  58.                "url": "https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="The Impact of Wearable AR Devices on Social Interactions in Game Communities" title="The Impact of Wearable AR Devices on Social Interactions in Game Communities" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Larry Sanders</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-06</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Impact of Wearable AR Devices on Social Interactions in Game Communities</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Larry Sanders for contributing the article "The Impact of Wearable AR Devices on Social Interactions in Game Communities".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="The Impact of Wearable AR Devices on Social Interactions in Game Communities" title="The Impact of Wearable AR Devices on Social Interactions in Game Communities" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research investigates the cognitive benefits of mobile games, focusing on how different types of games can enhance players’ problem-solving abilities, decision-making skills, and critical thinking. The study draws on cognitive psychology, educational theory, and game-based learning research to examine how game mechanics, such as puzzles, strategy, and role-playing, promote higher-order thinking. The paper evaluates the potential for mobile games to be used as tools for educational development and cognitive training, particularly for children, students, and individuals with cognitive impairments. It also considers the limitations of mobile games in fostering cognitive development and the need for a balanced approach to game design.</p>
  100. <p>This research investigates the environmental footprint of mobile gaming, including energy consumption, electronic waste, and resource usage. It proposes sustainable practices for game development and consumption.This study examines how mobile gaming serves as a platform for social interaction, allowing players to form and maintain relationships. It explores the dynamics of online communities and the social benefits of gaming.</p>
  101. <p>This paper explores the increasing integration of social media features in mobile games, such as in-game sharing, leaderboards, and social network connectivity. It examines how these features influence player behavior, community engagement, and the overall gaming experience. The research also discusses the benefits and challenges of incorporating social elements into games, particularly in terms of user privacy, data sharing, and online safety.</p>
  102. <p>This study explores the integration of augmented reality (AR) technologies in mobile games, examining how AR enhances user engagement and immersion. It discusses technical challenges, user acceptance, and the future potential of AR in mobile gaming.</p>
  103. <p>This paper provides a comparative legal analysis of intellectual property (IP) rights as they pertain to mobile game development, focusing on the protection of game code, design elements, and in-game assets across different jurisdictions. The study examines the legal challenges that developers face when navigating copyright, trademark, and patent law in the global mobile gaming market. By comparing IP regulations in the United States, the European Union, and Asia, the paper identifies key legal barriers and proposes policy recommendations to foster innovation while protecting the intellectual property of creators. The study also considers emerging issues such as the ownership of user-generated content and the legal status of in-game assets like NFTs.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://993351664720-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://559844115661-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://833817307732-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://899361316290-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://702279463854-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://584268547473-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://505234305632-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://578953312848-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://693341792225-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://756310578464-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://896180040484-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://564786362993-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://050807397905-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://910058504983-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://610810226307-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://036737338334-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://285783145236-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://258999693276-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://019953381850-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://274798414303-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?373791302398&amp;url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?736821849328&amp;url=https://naver736821849328-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?179610947227&amp;url=https://naver179610947227-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?358697461053&amp;url=https://naver358697461053-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?248181909960&amp;url=https://naver248181909960-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?055887523483&amp;url=https://naver055887523483-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?229335759678&amp;url=https://naver229335759678-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?878764870458&amp;url=https://naver878764870458-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?110558871815&amp;url=https://naver110558871815-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?480358235012&amp;url=https://naver480358235012-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?599545357412&amp;url=https://naver599545357412-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?390581020166&amp;url=https://naver390581020166-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?980491741795&amp;url=https://naver980491741795-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-231972212361.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-463570268217.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-491561185382.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-604830087345.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-361293032298.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-307835106680.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-788423960199.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-592821752446.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-066635604557.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-843862812104.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-270515222995.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-465910605091.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-373583011073.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-695884330922.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-093592720189.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-590608968546.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-080183382742-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-915034983053-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-849604303411-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/1942358607" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/7049538216">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Enhancing STEM Education Through Puzzle-Based Mobile Game Mechanics" title="Enhancing STEM Education Through Puzzle-Based Mobile Game Mechanics" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-7049538216.mit-edu.top/post/7049538216/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/7049538216">Enhancing STEM Education Through Puzzle-Based Mobile Game Mechanics</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Indie game developers play a vital role in shaping the diverse landscape of gaming, bringing fresh perspectives, innovative gameplay mechanics, and compelling narratives to the forefront. Their creative freedom and entrepreneurial spirit fuel a culture of experimentation and discovery, driving the industry forward with bold ideas and unique gaming experiences that captivate players' imaginations.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/7049538216" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Enhancing STEM Education Through Puzzle-Based Mobile Game Mechanics" title="Enhancing STEM Education Through Puzzle-Based Mobile Game Mechanics" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>James Williams</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/5618097324">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Physical Activity through Gamified Health Apps" title="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Physical Activity through Gamified Health Apps" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-5618097324.mit-edu.top/post/5618097324/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/5618097324">The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Physical Activity through Gamified Health Apps</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research explores the role of ethical AI in mobile game design, focusing on how AI can be used to create fair and inclusive gaming experiences. The study examines the challenges of ensuring that AI-driven game mechanics, such as matchmaking, procedural generation, and player behavior analysis, do not perpetuate bias, discrimination, or exclusion. By applying ethical frameworks from artificial intelligence, the paper investigates how developers can design AI systems that promote fairness, inclusivity, and diversity within mobile games. The research also explores the broader social implications of AI-driven game design, including the potential for AI to empower marginalized groups and provide more equitable gaming opportunities.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/5618097324" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/13.jpg" alt="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Physical Activity through Gamified Health Apps" title="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Physical Activity through Gamified Health Apps" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Charles Taylor</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/2416950738">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Gamified Assessments for Cognitive Skill Development in Children" title="Gamified Assessments for Cognitive Skill Development in Children" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2416950738.mit-edu.top/post/2416950738/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-06</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/2416950738">Gamified Assessments for Cognitive Skill Development in Children</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research investigates how mobile games contribute to the transhumanist imagination by exploring themes of human enhancement and augmented reality (AR). The study examines how mobile AR games, such as Pokémon Go, offer new forms of interaction between players and their physical environments, effectively blurring the boundaries between the digital and physical worlds. Drawing on transhumanist philosophy and media theory, the paper explores the implications of AR technology for redefining human perception, cognition, and embodiment. It also addresses ethical concerns related to the over-reliance on AR technologies and the potential for social disconnection.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://ddadxw.mit-edu.top/post/2416950738" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Gamified Assessments for Cognitive Skill Development in Children" title="Gamified Assessments for Cognitive Skill Development in Children" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Frances Long</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-06 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda