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... in some aspects of the religion.</p>]]></content:encoded>
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<title>RSS Theory of Evolution</title>
<link>https://evolutiontheory.net/</link>
<description>Theory of Evolution</description>
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<title>Charles Darwin facial expressions</title>
<description>Ewen Callaway, online reporter In the Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals -- the neglected step-child of Charles Darwin's trifecta of treatises -- the father of evolution theorised that emotion and compassion were ...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/darwins_claim_of_universals_in_facial.png" alt="Are there universal facial" align="left" /><p>Ewen Callaway, online reporter In the Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals -- the neglected step-child of Charles Darwin's trifecta of treatises -- the father of evolution theorised that emotion and compassion were universal and naturally selected features of humans. While traveling around the world aboard the HMS Beagle, Darwin was struck by the fact that he could understand facial expressions of people from different cultures, but not their languages or gestures. Darwin also believed that our sense of moral compassion came from a natural desire to alleviate the suffering of others. He was an ardent abolitionist. Paul Ekman, a psychologist at the University of California, San Francisco, who has authored an introduction to Expressions of the Emotions, said today at a AAAS press conference that these views are nearly identical to those of Tibetan Buddhists. "I am now calling myself a Darwinian, " Ekman recalled the Dalai Lama saying, after Ekman read him some passages of Darwin's work. Ekman said he spent two full days in deep conversation with the Dalai Lama, resulting in a treatise of his own. He argues through several lines of evidence that Darwin's views on emotion and compassion were inspired directly by Tibetan Buddhism. "There's always the possibility that two wise people looking at the same species for long enough are going to come to the same conclusion, " he said. Ekman thinks otherwise. He bristled at requests to elaborate more on his ideas until his talk later today. I'll try to attend that session and provide an update. But Ekman did make one thing clear: "I'm not saying that Darwin was a Buddhist." Rather, he took intellectual inspiration in some aspects of the religion.</p>]]></content:encoded>
<category><![CDATA[Facts And Quotes]]></category>
<link>https://evolutiontheory.net/FactsAndQuotes/charles-darwin-facial-expressions</link>
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<pubDate>Sat, 24 Aug 2024 15:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
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<title>Facial expressions theory Charles Darwin</title>
<description>Darwin’s Claim of Universals In Facial Expression Not Challenged Paul Ekman and Dacher Keltner Reprinted with permission from The Paul Ekman Group Paul Ekman, Emeritus Professor, University of California, San Francisco Dacher ...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/455705.jpg" alt="0402-facial-expressions.jpg" align="left" /><p>Darwin’s Claim of Universals In Facial Expression Not Challenged Paul Ekman and Dacher Keltner Reprinted with permission from The Paul Ekman Group Paul Ekman, Emeritus Professor, University of California, San Francisco Dacher Keltner, Professor, University of California, Berkeley Lisa Feldman-Barrett’s recent contribution (New York Times, February 28, 2014) seeks to undermine the science showing universality in the interpretation of facial expressions. In her eyes, recent evidence “challenges[ing] the theory, attributed to Charles Darwin, that facial movements might be evolved behaviors for expressing emotion.” Such a disagreement really belongs in exchanges of findings and theory in a scientific journal, evaluated by colleagues as evidence accumulates, not the public press. This is not the first time that Feldman-Barrett publicized her views in the press. We didn’t respond then, but feel compelled to do so now so that the public is not misled, and is apprised of the broader, Darwin-inspired science of emotional expression many scientists are working on today. First, let’s get the science right. Darwin never claimed in his great book The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) that all facial expressions are universal, only a specific set of expressions that he had observed and studied. Nearly one-hundred years later Silvan Tomkins helped Ekman and Carrol Izard refine and add to Darwin’s list. In the late sixties, Izard and Ekman in separate studies each showed photographs from Tomkins’ own collection, to people in various literate cultures, Western and Non-Western. They found strong cross cultural agreement in the labeling of those expressions. Ekman closed the loophole that observing mass media might account for cross cultural agreement by studying people in a Stone Age culture in New Guinea who had seen few if any outsiders and no media portrayals of emotion. These preliterate people also recognized the same emotions when shown the Darwin-Tomkins set. The capacity for humans in radically different cultures to label facial expressions with terms from a list of emotion terms has replicated nearly 200 hundred times. Feldman Barrett is right to ask whether individuals in radically different cultures provide similar interpretations of facial expressions if allowed to describe the expressions on their own terms, rather than a list of emotion terms. Haidt and Keltner did such a study comparing the free responses to the Darwin-Tomkins set of expressions and some other expressions, with people in rural India and the U.S. Once again the findings of universality were clear cut, and evidence of universality in the expression of embarrassment was also found. The evidence on the judgment of the Darwin-Tomkins facial expressions is robust; so we suppose is Feldman-Barrett’s evidence for the expressions not covered in the Darwin-Tomkins set. She has missed that point, not understanding the difference between unselected and theoretically selected facial expressions.</p>]]></content:encoded>
<category><![CDATA[Books And Movies]]></category>
<link>https://evolutiontheory.net/BooksAndMovies/facial-expressions-theory-charles-darwin</link>
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<pubDate>Sun, 04 Aug 2024 15:07:00 +0000</pubDate>
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<item>
<title>Charles Darwin natural selection for Kids</title>
<description>Natural selection is the gradual, non-random process by which biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of differential reproduction of their bearers. It is a key mechanism of evolution ...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/charles_darwin_skull_made.jpg" alt="Charles Darwin & Skull made" align="left" /><p>Natural selection is the gradual, non-random process by which biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of differential reproduction of their bearers. It is a key mechanism of evolution. The term "natural selection" was popularized by Charles Darwin who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, what we now call selective breeding. Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations cause changes in the genome of an individual organism, and these mutations can be passed to offspring. ghout the individuals’ lives, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits. (The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment.) Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other variants. Therefore the population evolves. xual selection, for example. Natural selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage will become more common in a population (see allele frequency). Over time, this process can result in populations that specialize for particular ecological niches and may eventually result in the emergence of new species. In other words, natural selection is an important process (though not the only process) by which evolution takes place within a population of organisms. As opposed to artificial selection, in which humans favour specific traits, in natural selection the environment acts as a sieve through which only certain variations can pass.</p>]]></content:encoded>
<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
<link>https://evolutiontheory.net/NaturalSelection/charles-darwin-natural-selection-for-kids</link>
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<pubDate>Wed, 19 Jun 2024 17:53:00 +0000</pubDate>
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<item>
<title>Was Charles Darwin married</title>
<description>I did not know that!
Charles Darwin & Emma Wedgewood: A Cousin Couple
"When the principles of breeding and of inheritance are better understood, we shall not hear ignorant members of our legislature rejecting with scorn a plan ...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/insight_on_evolution_of_charles_darwins.jpg" alt="A portrait of Charles Darwin's" align="left" /><p>Today we were guests at a delightful wedding on the beach at Byron Bay. The first reading was from the Gospel according to Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin was a prolific journal keeper – the prototypical blogger! His complete works are available online at . His private papers are held by Cambridge University, and amongst these is Darwin’s methodical anaylsis of the benefits of marriage. In July 1838, aged 29, he had returned from his 5 year voyage on the HMS Beagle and had spent 2 years back in London living in grand batchelor style. A decision had to made. In his journal, he weighed up the Pros and Cons of marriage using a scientific approach. This is the Question Marry Children (if it Please God) Constant companion (and friend in old age) who will feel interested in one Object to be beloved and played with. Better than a dog anyhow Home, & someone to take care of house Charms of music and female chit-chat These things good for one’s health—but terrible loss of time My God, it is intolerable to think of spending one’s whole life, like a neuter bee, working, working, and nothing after all—No, no, won’t do Imagine living all one’s day solitary in smoky dirty London House Only picture to yourself a nice soft wife on a sofa with good fire and books and music perhaps Compare this vision with the dingy reality of Great Marlboro Street, London Not Marry Freedom to go where one liked Choice of Society and little of it Conversation of clever men at clubs Not forced to visit relatives and bend in every trifle Expense and anxiety of children Perhaps quarrelling Loss of Time Cannot read in the evenings Fatness and idleness Anxiety and responsibility Less money for books etc. If many children forced to gain one’s bread (But then it is very bad for one’s health to work too much) Perhaps my wife won’t like London; then the sentence is banishment and degradation into indolent, idle fool Marry, Marry, Marry Q.E.D.</p>]]></content:encoded>
<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
<link>https://evolutiontheory.net/NaturalSelection/was-charles-darwin-married</link>
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<pubDate>Thu, 30 May 2024 17:46:00 +0000</pubDate>
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<item>
<title>Charles Darwin irregularities</title>
<description>The Beagle arrived here on the 24th of August, and a week afterwards sailed for the Plata. With Captain Fitz Roy’s consent I was left behind, to travel by land to Buenos Ayres. I will here add some observations, which were made ...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/charles_darwin_me_and_other_irregularities.jpg" alt="Charles Darwin, Me, and Other" align="left" /><p>The Beagle arrived here on the 24th of August, and a week afterwards sailed for the Plata. With Captain Fitz Roy’s consent I was left behind, to travel by land to Buenos Ayres. I will here add some observations, which were made during this visit and on a previous occasion, when the Beagle was employed in surveying the harbour. The plain, at the distance of a few miles from the coast, belongs to the great Pampean formation, which consists in part of a reddish clay, and in part of a highly calcareous marly rock. Nearer the coast there are some plains formed from the wreck of the upper plain, and from mud, gravel, and sand thrown up by the sea during the slow elevation of the land, of which elevation we have evidence in upraised beds of recent shells, and in rounded pebbles of pumice scattered over the country. At Punta Alta we have a section of one of these later-formed little plains, which is highly interesting from the number and extraordinary character of the remains of gigantic land-animals embedded in it. These have been fully described by Professor Owen, in the Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle, and are deposited in the College of Surgeons. I will here give only a brief outline of their nature.</p>]]></content:encoded>
<category><![CDATA[About Charles Darwin]]></category>
<link>https://evolutiontheory.net/AboutCharlesDarwin/charles-darwin-irregularities</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">https://evolutiontheory.net/AboutCharlesDarwin/charles-darwin-irregularities</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 10 May 2024 17:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
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<item>
<title>Valdivia Chile Charles Darwin</title>
<description>1957 The General Electric Company announced that one of its scientists, Robert H. Wentorf, Jr., had invented Borazon. Borazon is a brand name of a cubic form of boron nitride (CBN). It is one of the hardest known materials, and ...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/valdivia.jpg" alt="Valdivia" align="left" /><p>Valdivia is one of the most historic cities in all southern Chile. Valdivia was founded as the frontier with Mapuche Native Land in 1552 by Pedro de Valdivia. Valdivia has also been on the frontier of culture in Chile for hundreds of years with a colorful mix of Mapuche, Spanish, and German history that has created one of the most spectacular cities in southern Chile. It makes Valdivia stands out not only among the other cities of southern Chile, but among the all the cities of Latin and South America as a truly important piece of world heritage. Valdivia History Much of Valdivia's charm is directly related to its history and geography. Valdivia is set on the Calle Calle River, and is about 15 km from the Ocean. This has made it appear to be a appealing and safe harbor for hundreds of years by everyone from Mapuche Natives and Pirates to the Spanish fleets that established a fortress to fight the Mapuche wars. It turned out not to be completely safe, and the entire City was destroyed in the 1960's by a title wave or tsunami followed by a series of earth quakes that hit the southern regions of Chile. Today, the city has been rebuilt with all the historical and cultural glory it was once was known for. German influence on Valdivia One of the strong influences to be found in every part of Valdivia is from Germany. It is everywhere from the architecture to the beers that are starting to find their way on to the international markets and back to Germany. tr> The Austral University in Valdivia, Chile is quickly becoming one of the top Universities in Chile. It is one of the few Universities in Southern Chile that regularly lures away top students from Santaigo's Universities. One of the reasons for the reputation of the Austral University is that it is conducting cutting edge science. Recently however a fire in the Science building resulted in the almost total destruction of priceless research of professors and students, including a one of kind collection of Charles Darwin's specimens that where recently repatriated to Chile for a new Natural History museum. There where no injuries in the Fire. The University is however getting some international help in recovering in the form of an upcoming lecture by Steven Hawkins.</p>]]></content:encoded>
<category><![CDATA[Theory Of Evolution]]></category>
<link>https://evolutiontheory.net/TheoryOfEvolution/valdivia-chile-charles-darwin</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">https://evolutiontheory.net/TheoryOfEvolution/valdivia-chile-charles-darwin</guid>
<pubDate>Sat, 20 Apr 2024 17:19:00 +0000</pubDate>
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<title>Charles Darwin tortoise Australia</title>
<description>
With its miserly metabolism and tranquil temperament, its capacity to forgo food and drink for months at a time, its redwood burl of a body shield, so well engineered it can withstand the impact of a stampeding wildebeest ...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/ecuador_the_galapagos_islands_tour_sedunia.jpg" alt="Tortoise at Charles Darwin" align="left" /><p>About the exhibition Darwin reveals the experiences that first led Charles Darwin to formulate his groundbreaking theories. The exhibition explores the life and work of the man whose theory of evolution forever changed the perception of the origin and nature of species on Earth. It celebrates 200 years since the birth of this great naturalist, geologist and thinker. Through artefacts, documents, film, computer interactives, live animals and plants, as well as Darwin's own personal items, this landmark international exhibition provides a fascinating insight into the man almost 150 years after the publication of his revolutionary work, On the Origin of Species . Skeleton from the 'World Before Darwin' section of the exhibition. Photo: Jason McCarthy. Exhibition highlights original notebooks used by Darwin on his voyage on the HMS Beagle an elaborate reconstruction of Darwin's study live animals, such as an iguana and blotched blue tongue lizard a vibrant and colourful montage of live orchids, and the connections between Darwin and Australia, both during and after his visit in 1836. An elaborate reproduction of the table in Charles Darwin's study at Down House. Photo: Jason McCarthy. Exhibition sections The exhibition is divided into eight sections, covering themes across Darwin's life and work: Introduction The introduction to the Darwin exhibition is a comprehensive examination of Darwin's life and seminal discoveries as well as the science of evolution and natural selection. The World Before Darwin This section looks at how Darwin's predecessors saw the natural world as static and immutable, and had no real understanding of the mechanisms by which species could adapt or change over time. It provides an introduction to the exhibition by exploring attitudes to the natural world before Darwin. An antique display case filled with mammal, reptile and bird skeletons evokes the scientific landscape of the early 19th century. Skeleton case from the 'World Before Darwin' section of the exhibition. Photo: Jason McCarthy. Young Naturalist Darwin's family heritage and early life through letters, photographs and personal items is explored in this section. Darwin's passionate pursuit of naturalism and geology secured him a berth on HMS Beagle. The Life and Work of Charles Darwin, a video biography of Darwin, narrated by his great-great-grandson Randal Keynes, introduces visitors to the political, social, and scientific climates of 19th century England. Left: Microscope, similar to that used by Charles Darwin. Collection of the American Museum of Natural History, New York. Right: Magnifying glass, 1800s, similar to that used by Charles Darwin. Photos: Jason McCarthy.</p>]]></content:encoded>
<category><![CDATA[Natural Selection]]></category>
<link>https://evolutiontheory.net/NaturalSelection/charles-darwin-tortoise-australia</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">https://evolutiontheory.net/NaturalSelection/charles-darwin-tortoise-australia</guid>
<pubDate>Sun, 31 Mar 2024 17:16:00 +0000</pubDate>
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<title>Charles Darwin wife and Kids</title>
<description>It's rare to find an engaging biography for young people that focuses on the everyday life of the subject. Deborah Heiligman’s Charles and Emma examines the achievements of Charles Darwin and the impact that his research on the ...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/darwins_children_drew_all_over_the_1.jpg" alt="Darwin Heirlooms Trust" align="left" /><p>It's rare to find an engaging biography for young people that focuses on the everyday life of the subject. Deborah Heiligman’s Charles and Emma examines the achievements of Charles Darwin and the impact that his research on the adaptability of species had on scientific thought. But more importantly, Heiligman focuses on Darwin as a human being, a husband, and a father. Although his wife was a religious woman and Charles a non-believer, the two were well-matched in terms of their backgrounds and temperament. This combination of biography and love story will hit the mark with middle and high school readers. Pros Accurate glimpse of life in England in the 1800s Excellent documentation of quotations and sources Bibliography, index and family tree included Includes some period photographs Printz Award Honor Book Cons The portrayal of childhood mortality may disturb sensitive readers. Description Author: Deborah Heiligman Length: 268 pages Recommended for: Ages 11 - 15 Publisher: Henry Holt & Co Publication Date: 2009 ISBN: 215 Guide Review - Charles and Emma: The Darwins’ Leap of Faith However, Emma’s fears that Charles would never experience a religious conversion were well-founded. Heligman manages to give life to this couple and their family and to enlighten the reader about the customs and daily life of 19th century England. She ably portrays Darwin’s struggles as a scientist and a family man but tempers these with glimpses of lighthearted moments of love and joy. Charles was thoughtful in his pursuit of his theory that new species are created through the evolutionary process. He understood how revolutionary this was and how it might be met by the religious community. Emma’s faith in her husband was as strong as her faith in God. She served as a sounding board for Charles while he developed his theories, conducted his research and published his findings. The story is told in chronological order and each chapter begins with a quotation that ties the chapter in primary sources. The few existing photos of Darwin and his family are included, providing the reader with a further glimpse into their lives. Well-researched and engagingly told, this is a story of love as much as it is a story of science. Enjoyable and enlightening, Charles and Emma: the Darwins’ Leap of Faith should find an audience with both scholars and tweens looking for a good read. Jean Hatfield has experience as a children’s librarian, a school librarian, and a head librarian. She has served on the selection committee for major children’s book awards and is presently responsible for the selection of public library materials for youth – children and young adults – for the public library system in the largest city in Kansas, Wichita.</p>]]></content:encoded>
<category><![CDATA[Books And Movies]]></category>
<link>https://evolutiontheory.net/BooksAndMovies/charles-darwin-wife-and-kids</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">https://evolutiontheory.net/BooksAndMovies/charles-darwin-wife-and-kids</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 11 Mar 2024 17:14:00 +0000</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Charles Darwin personality</title>
<description>An accountant is someone who knows the cost of everything and the value of nothing.
An auditor is someone who arrives after the battle and bayonets all the wounded.
A banker is a fellow who lends you his umbrella when the sun ...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/darwins_paradise_lost_the_fiery_mind.jpg" alt="Said Charles Darwin" align="left" /><p>Charles Darwin - English Naturalist (1809-1882) Charles Darwin studied classics, medicine, and theology, but it was not until he took a position as a naturalist on the HMS Beagle in 1831 that he found his true calling. During the voyage, Darwin became certain of the gradual evolution of species. After more than 20 years refining his ideas, and by this time battling ill health, he published the controversial On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, in 1859. This was followed by several other volumes. Darwin was not the first naturalist to propose the idea of evolution, but is probably its best known proponent. Charles Darwin’s Handwriting Darwin’s handwriting has the light, airy quality often associated with the scripts of philosophers and other intellectual types. Light pressure and large intervals between words and lines create islands of space that serve to isolate him on a social level, but simultaneously give him room to think. Darwin was clearly a * loner who required a great deal of time and space on his own in which to develop the ideas that proliferated in his cerebral upper zone. Charles Darwin’s Relationships Considering the wide spatial arrangement and small middle zone of the writing sample, anyone in a relationship with Darwin would have had to be highly independent and happy to amuse themselves. He could be seen as an absent-minded professor type, with little patience for the niceties of polite conversation. He was probably the type of person who is most comfortable working for long periods of time alone in his study and who often forgets to come down for dinner. It is likely that Darwin was insensitive to the emotional needs of the people around him, not because he did not care, but simply because he was too wrapped up in his own ideas to be aware of them.</p>]]></content:encoded>
<category><![CDATA[Theory Of Evolution]]></category>
<link>https://evolutiontheory.net/TheoryOfEvolution/charles-darwin-personality</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">https://evolutiontheory.net/TheoryOfEvolution/charles-darwin-personality</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 20 Feb 2024 18:12:00 +0000</pubDate>
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<title>Charles Darwin Places of Travel</title>
<description>Charles Darwin’s five-year voyage on H.M.S. Beagle has become legendary, as insights gained by the bright young scientist on his trip to exotic places greatly influenced his masterwork, the book On the Origin of Species ...</description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<img src="/img/educational_england_scotland_travel_darwin.jpg" alt="Tour Charles Darwin's" align="left" /><p>Charles Darwin’s five-year voyage on H.M.S. Beagle has become legendary, as insights gained by the bright young scientist on his trip to exotic places greatly influenced his masterwork, the book On the Origin of Species . Darwin didn’t actually formulate his theory of evolution while sailing around the world aboard the Royal Navy ship. But the exotic plants and animals he encountered challenged his thinking and led him to consider scientific evidence in new ways. The History of H.M.S. Beagle H.M.S. Beagle is remembered today because of its association with Charles Darwin, but it had sailed on a lengthy scientific mission several years before Darwin came into the picture. The Beagle, a warship carrying ten cannons, sailed in 1826 to explore the coastline of South America. The ship had an unfortunate episode when its captain sank into a depression, perhaps caused by the isolation of the voyage, and committed suicide. Lieutenant Robert FitzRoy assumed command of the Beagle, continued the voyage, and returned the ship safely to England in 1830. FitzRoy was promoted to Captain and named to command the ship on a second voyage, which was to circumnavigate the globe while conducting explorations along the South American coastline and across the South Pacific. FitzRoy came up with the idea of bringing along someone with a scientific background who could explore and record observations. Part of FitzRoy’s plan was that an educated civilian, referred to as a “gentleman passenger, ” would be good company aboard ship and would help him avoid the loneliness that seemed to have doomed his predecessor. Darwin Was Invited to Sail Aboard H.M.S. Beagle in 1831 Inquiries were made among professors at British universities, and a former professor of Darwin’s proposed him for the position aboard the Beagle. After taking his final exams at Cambridge in 1831, Darwin spent a few weeks on a geological expedition to Wales. He had intended to return to Cambridge that fall for theological training, but a letter from a professor, John Steven Henslow, inviting him to join the Beagle, changed everything. Darwin was excited to join the ship, but his father was against the idea, thinking it foolhardy. Other relatives convinced Darwin’s father otherwise, and during the fall of 1831 the 22-year-old Darwin made preparations to depart England for five years. H.M.S. Beagle Departed England in 1831 With its eager passenger aboard, the Beagle left England on December 27, 1831. The ship reached the Canary Islands in early January, and continued onward to South America, which was reached by the end of February 1832. During the explorations of South America, Darwin was able to spend considerable time on land, sometimes arranging for the ship to drop him off and pick him up at the end of an overland trip. He kept notebooks to record his observations, and during quiet times on board the Beagle he would transcribe his notes into a journal.</p>]]></content:encoded>
<category><![CDATA[Biography]]></category>
<link>https://evolutiontheory.net/Biography/charles-darwin-places-of-travel</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">https://evolutiontheory.net/Biography/charles-darwin-places-of-travel</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 31 Jan 2024 18:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
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