It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Social Identity Construction in Persistent Virtual Worlds #129876357058 (2025-02-08)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Social Identity Construction in Persistent Virtual Worlds" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Social Identity Construction in Persistent Virtual Worlds #129876357058 (2025-02-08)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-08T14:32:43Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Amy Ward" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Social Identity Construction in Persistent Virtual Worlds #129876357058 (2025-02-08)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Amy Ward",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-08T14:32:43Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/129876357058"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "129876357058",
  52.            "abstract": "Social Identity Construction in Persistent Virtual Worlds #129876357058 (2025-02-08)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Social Identity Construction in Persistent Virtual Worlds",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Amy Ward",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-08T14:32:43Z",
  58.                "url": "https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Social Identity Construction in Persistent Virtual Worlds" title="Social Identity Construction in Persistent Virtual Worlds" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Amy Ward</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-08</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Social Identity Construction in Persistent Virtual Worlds</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Amy Ward for contributing the article "Social Identity Construction in Persistent Virtual Worlds".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Social Identity Construction in Persistent Virtual Worlds" title="Social Identity Construction in Persistent Virtual Worlds" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper explores the psychological effects of mobile games on children and adolescents, focusing on cognitive, emotional, and social development. The study analyzes how exposure to different types of mobile games—ranging from educational games to violent action games—affects cognitive abilities, social skills, and emotional regulation. Drawing on developmental psychology and media studies, the research examines the short- and long-term implications of mobile gaming for children’s learning outcomes, attention span, and behavior patterns. The paper also considers the role of parents and educators in guiding children’s gaming experiences, offering recommendations for responsible gaming and age-appropriate game design.</p>
  100. <p>This paper explores the globalization of mobile gaming, focusing on the cultural, economic, and technological dimensions of the mobile game industry. It examines how mobile games transcend national borders, shaping global entertainment trends, cultural exchanges, and consumption patterns. The study analyzes the role of international distribution platforms, such as app stores and online marketplaces, in facilitating cross-border gaming experiences, while also considering the impact of localization strategies on cultural representation and game design. Furthermore, the research investigates the economic implications of mobile game globalization, including market entry strategies, pricing models, and the influence of local regulations.</p>
  101. <p>This research explores how mobile gaming influences cultural identity and expression across different regions. It examines the role of mobile games in cultural exchange, preservation, and the representation of diverse cultures. This research investigates how mobile gaming affects sleep quality and duration, considering factors such as screen time, game content, and player demographics. It provides insights into the health implications of mobile gaming habits.</p>
  102. <p>Gamification extends beyond entertainment, infiltrating sectors such as marketing, education, and workplace training with game-inspired elements such as leaderboards, achievements, and rewards systems. By leveraging gamified strategies, businesses enhance user engagement, foster motivation, and drive desired behaviors, harnessing the power of play to achieve tangible goals and outcomes.</p>
  103. <p>This study examines the growing trend of fitness-related mobile games, which use game mechanics to motivate players to engage in physical activities. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting healthier behaviors and increasing physical activity levels. The paper also investigates the psychological factors behind players’ motivation to exercise through games and explores the future potential of fitness gamification in public health campaigns.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://641203401320-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://351882304935-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://552324498619-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://960102238317-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://657041697839-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://279140036057-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://370112887692-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://752435463377-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://481186814836-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://124883169312-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://959297935143-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://825219921310-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://727668954873-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://576081463094-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://987028191967-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://762240507216-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://363662151963-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://783979655970-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://921753389656-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://971068346634-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?609296389464&amp;url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?803769366563&amp;url=https://naver803769366563-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?408171542461&amp;url=https://naver408171542461-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?190146626903&amp;url=https://naver190146626903-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?940696937854&amp;url=https://naver940696937854-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?009255365479&amp;url=https://naver009255365479-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?142832236296&amp;url=https://naver142832236296-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?990675175090&amp;url=https://naver990675175090-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?637185109383&amp;url=https://naver637185109383-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?606236925992&amp;url=https://naver606236925992-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?500010174992&amp;url=https://naver500010174992-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?402441712445&amp;url=https://naver402441712445-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?038637988980&amp;url=https://naver038637988980-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-007497748093.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-174318922785.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-573462472212.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-987886103535.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-437605162409.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-746068267045.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-665029562223.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-840190165862.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-699393960562.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-528851235254.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-361847017956.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-342309552437.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-551186613797.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-509204838178.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-134378134242.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-913283044964.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-357275188525-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-349773064493-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-797184629446-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/7563148092" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/6302841579">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Haptic Feedback Integration for Enhanced Tactile Immersion in AR Games" title="Haptic Feedback Integration for Enhanced Tactile Immersion in AR Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-6302841579.mit-edu.top/post/6302841579/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-08</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/6302841579">Haptic Feedback Integration for Enhanced Tactile Immersion in AR Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research critically analyzes the representation of diverse cultures, identities, and experiences in mobile games. It explores how game developers approach diversity and inclusion, from character design to narrative themes. The study discusses the challenges of creating culturally sensitive content while ensuring broad market appeal and the potential social impact of inclusive mobile game design.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/6302841579" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Haptic Feedback Integration for Enhanced Tactile Immersion in AR Games" title="Haptic Feedback Integration for Enhanced Tactile Immersion in AR Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Walter Hughes</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-08 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/9482057163">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="The Cognitive Impact of Multitasking Mechanics in Mobile Puzzle Games" title="The Cognitive Impact of Multitasking Mechanics in Mobile Puzzle Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9482057163.mit-edu.top/post/9482057163/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-08</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/9482057163">The Cognitive Impact of Multitasking Mechanics in Mobile Puzzle Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">The siren song of RPGs beckons with its immersive narratives, drawing players into worlds so vividly crafted that the boundaries between reality and fantasy blur, leaving gamers spellbound in their pixelated destinies. From epic tales of heroism and adventure to nuanced character-driven dramas, RPGs offer a storytelling experience unlike any other, allowing players to become the protagonists of their own epic sagas. The freedom to make choices, shape the narrative, and explore vast, richly detailed worlds sparks the imagination and fosters a deep emotional connection with the virtual realms they inhabit.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/9482057163" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="The Cognitive Impact of Multitasking Mechanics in Mobile Puzzle Games" title="The Cognitive Impact of Multitasking Mechanics in Mobile Puzzle Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Timothy Butler</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-08 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/9542138076">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Federated Learning for Cross-Platform Mobile Game Analytics and Personalization" title="Federated Learning for Cross-Platform Mobile Game Analytics and Personalization" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-9542138076.mit-edu.top/post/9542138076/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-08</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/9542138076">Federated Learning for Cross-Platform Mobile Game Analytics and Personalization</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the role of social influence in mobile games, focusing on how social networks, peer pressure, and social comparison affect player behavior and in-game purchasing decisions. The study examines how features such as leaderboards, friend lists, and social sharing options influence players’ motivations to engage with the game and spend money on in-game items. Drawing on social psychology and behavioral economics, the research explores how players' decisions are shaped by their interactions with others in the game environment. The paper also discusses the ethical implications of using social influence to drive in-game purchases, particularly in relation to vulnerable players and addiction risk.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://ffdzjm.mit-edu.top/post/9542138076" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Federated Learning for Cross-Platform Mobile Game Analytics and Personalization" title="Federated Learning for Cross-Platform Mobile Game Analytics and Personalization" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Susan Thomas</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-08 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda