It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns #560324991259 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns #560324991259 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T04:36:33Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. John Smith" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns #560324991259 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. John Smith",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T04:36:33Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/560324991259"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "560324991259",
  52.            "abstract": "Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns #560324991259 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns",
  56.                "author": "Dr. John Smith",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T04:36:33Z",
  58.                "url": "https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns" title="Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">John Smith</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to John Smith for contributing the article "Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns" title="Understanding Player Retention in Mobile Games: Behavioral Analytics and Patterns" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper offers a historical and theoretical analysis of the evolution of mobile game design, focusing on the technological advancements that have shaped gameplay mechanics, user interfaces, and game narratives over time. The research traces the development of mobile gaming from its inception to the present day, considering key milestones such as the advent of touchscreen interfaces, the rise of augmented reality (AR), and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in mobile games. Drawing on media studies and technology adoption theory, the paper examines how changing technological landscapes have influenced player expectations, industry trends, and game design practices.</p>
  100. <p>Nostalgia permeates gaming culture, evoking fond memories of classic titles that shaped childhoods and ignited lifelong passions for gaming. The resurgence of remastered versions, reboots, and sequels to beloved franchises taps into this nostalgia, offering players a chance to relive cherished moments while introducing new generations to timeless gaming classics.</p>
  101. <p>This research explores the potential of augmented reality (AR)-powered mobile games for enhancing educational experiences. The study examines how AR technology can be integrated into mobile games to provide immersive learning environments where players interact with both virtual and physical elements in real-time. Drawing on educational theories and gamification principles, the paper explores how AR mobile games can be used to teach complex concepts, such as science, history, and mathematics, through interactive simulations and hands-on learning. The research also evaluates the effectiveness of AR mobile games in fostering engagement, retention, and critical thinking in educational contexts, offering recommendations for future development.</p>
  102. <p>This paper examines the psychological factors that drive player motivation in mobile games, focusing on how developers can optimize game design to enhance player engagement and ensure long-term retention. The study investigates key motivational theories, such as Self-Determination Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, to explore how intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, influence player behavior. Drawing on empirical studies and player data, the research analyzes how different game mechanics, such as rewards, achievements, and social interaction, shape players’ emotional investment and commitment to games. The paper also discusses the role of narrative, social comparison, and competition in sustaining player motivation over time.</p>
  103. <p>Mobile gaming has democratized access to gaming experiences, empowering billions of smartphone users to dive into a vast array of games ranging from casual puzzles to graphically intensive adventures. The portability and convenience of mobile devices have transformed downtime into playtime, allowing gamers to indulge their passion anytime, anywhere, with a tap of their fingertips.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://078722464289-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://900860410230-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://735806714587-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://733252152148-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://280213296787-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://358816599915-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://131355273295-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://614282928809-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://468450073118-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://736155626145-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://448228175021-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://028449312928-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://491105740563-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://481983095840-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://871173012133-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://707754102291-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://691285273380-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://782005376052-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://562791951070-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://697926905105-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?733348695875&amp;url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?060277347130&amp;url=https://naver060277347130-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?730351925369&amp;url=https://naver730351925369-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?239727234352&amp;url=https://naver239727234352-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?196800983029&amp;url=https://naver196800983029-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?111648661544&amp;url=https://naver111648661544-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?377702922512&amp;url=https://naver377702922512-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?601903815089&amp;url=https://naver601903815089-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?946101538209&amp;url=https://naver946101538209-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?501763023113&amp;url=https://naver501763023113-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?505013917638&amp;url=https://naver505013917638-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?791612672858&amp;url=https://naver791612672858-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?150472823325&amp;url=https://naver150472823325-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-726590379431.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-698974880837.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-110553026775.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-712756825713.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-192185807953.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-256834315680.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-263835144353.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-944739065649.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-080548675958.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-463909394777.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-773348256211.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-178673520820.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-750238915340.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-265996004971.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-224316492515.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-317841878467.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-068555688129-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-768919541236-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-423269976822-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6932154780" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6271954803">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Subscription Models in Mobile Gaming: Retention vs. Revenue Trade-offs" title="Subscription Models in Mobile Gaming: Retention vs. Revenue Trade-offs" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-6271954803.mit-edu.top/post/6271954803/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6271954803">Subscription Models in Mobile Gaming: Retention vs. Revenue Trade-offs</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study explores the evolution of virtual economies within mobile games, focusing on the integration of digital currency and blockchain technology. It analyzes how virtual economies are structured in mobile games, including the use of in-game currencies, tradeable assets, and microtransactions. The paper also investigates the potential of blockchain technology to provide decentralized, secure, and transparent virtual economies, examining its impact on player ownership, digital asset exchange, and the creation of new revenue models for developers and players alike.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/6271954803" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Subscription Models in Mobile Gaming: Retention vs. Revenue Trade-offs" title="Subscription Models in Mobile Gaming: Retention vs. Revenue Trade-offs" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Martha Perry</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/5687914320">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Procedural World Building Using Bio-Inspired Algorithms" title="Procedural World Building Using Bio-Inspired Algorithms" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-5687914320.mit-edu.top/post/5687914320/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/5687914320">Procedural World Building Using Bio-Inspired Algorithms</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study investigates how mobile games can encourage physical activity among players, focusing on games that incorporate movement and exercise. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting health and fitness. </p>
  222.                            <a href="https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/5687914320" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Procedural World Building Using Bio-Inspired Algorithms" title="Procedural World Building Using Bio-Inspired Algorithms" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Gloria Bryant</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/7260583491">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="Privacy by Design in User-Centric AR Mobile Games" title="Privacy by Design in User-Centric AR Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7260583491.mit-edu.top/post/7260583491/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/7260583491">Privacy by Design in User-Centric AR Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for dynamic content generation in mobile games, focusing on how procedural content creation (PCC) techniques enable developers to create expansive, personalized game worlds that evolve based on player actions. The study explores the algorithms and methodologies used in PCC, such as procedural terrain generation, dynamic narrative structures, and adaptive enemy behavior, and how they enhance player experience by providing infinite variability. Drawing on computer science, game design, and machine learning, the paper examines the potential of AI-driven content generation to create more engaging and replayable mobile games, while considering the challenges of maintaining balance, coherence, and quality in procedurally generated content.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://kfhqom.mit-edu.top/post/7260583491" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Privacy by Design in User-Centric AR Mobile Games" title="Privacy by Design in User-Centric AR Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Joyce Stevens</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda