It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Optimizing Latency in Multi-User AR Gaming Platforms Using Edge Computing #027164797525 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Optimizing Latency in Multi-User AR Gaming Platforms Using Edge Computing" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Optimizing Latency in Multi-User AR Gaming Platforms Using Edge Computing #027164797525 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T01:30:25Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Ronald Parker" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Optimizing Latency in Multi-User AR Gaming Platforms Using Edge Computing #027164797525 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Ronald Parker",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T01:30:25Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/027164797525"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://kjahef.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "027164797525",
  52.            "abstract": "Optimizing Latency in Multi-User AR Gaming Platforms Using Edge Computing #027164797525 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Optimizing Latency in Multi-User AR Gaming Platforms Using Edge Computing",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Ronald Parker",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T01:30:25Z",
  58.                "url": "https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://kjahef.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Optimizing Latency in Multi-User AR Gaming Platforms Using Edge Computing" title="Optimizing Latency in Multi-User AR Gaming Platforms Using Edge Computing" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Ronald Parker</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Optimizing Latency in Multi-User AR Gaming Platforms Using Edge Computing</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Ronald Parker for contributing the article "Optimizing Latency in Multi-User AR Gaming Platforms Using Edge Computing".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Optimizing Latency in Multi-User AR Gaming Platforms Using Edge Computing" title="Optimizing Latency in Multi-User AR Gaming Platforms Using Edge Computing" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This longitudinal study investigates the effectiveness of gamification elements in mobile fitness games in fostering long-term behavioral changes related to physical activity and health. By tracking player behavior over extended periods, the research assesses the impact of in-game rewards, challenges, and social interactions on players’ motivation and adherence to fitness goals. The paper employs a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including surveys, biometric data, and in-game analytics, to provide a comprehensive understanding of how game mechanics influence physical activity patterns, health outcomes, and sustained engagement.</p>
  100. <p>This research examines the role of mobile game developers in promoting social responsibility through ethical practices and inclusivity in game design. The study explores how developers can address social issues such as diversity, representation, and accessibility within mobile games, ensuring that games are accessible to players of all backgrounds, abilities, and identities. Drawing on ethics, cultural studies, and inclusive design principles, the paper evaluates the impact of inclusive game design on player experiences, with particular focus on gender, race, and disability representation. The research also investigates the role of mobile games in fostering positive social change, offering recommendations for developers to create more socially responsible and inclusive gaming experiences.</p>
  101. <p>This paper explores the integration of virtual goods and cryptocurrencies within mobile games, analyzing how these digital assets are reshaping in-game economies and influencing real-world economic practices. The study examines how players engage with virtual currencies and goods, exploring their role in enhancing player agency, fostering virtual economies, and enabling new forms of monetization. The research also explores the potential for blockchain technology to facilitate secure, decentralized in-game transactions, providing insights into the future of digital currencies within the gaming industry and the broader global economy.</p>
  102. <p>Virtual reality gaming has unlocked a new dimension of immersion, transporting players into fantastical realms where they can interact with virtual environments and characters in ways previously unimaginable. The sensory richness of VR experiences, coupled with intuitive motion controls, has redefined how players engage with games, blurring the boundaries between the digital realm and the physical world.</p>
  103. <p>This research evaluates the environmental sustainability of the mobile gaming industry, focusing on the environmental footprint of game development, distribution, and consumption. The study examines energy consumption patterns, electronic waste generation, and resource use across the mobile gaming lifecycle, offering a comprehensive assessment of the industry's impact on global sustainability. It also explores innovative approaches to mitigate these effects, such as green game design principles, eco-friendly server technologies, and sustainable mobile device manufacturing practices.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://676415800705-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://105414341995-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://250004961613-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://194275895347-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://871061596606-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://103264684001-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://581125803900-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://069739340666-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://134535793905-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://495786892765-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://700866480943-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://423814363942-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://521808478455-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://103108450831-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://268562724905-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://842798209619-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://464548765521-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://703204789058-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://989840897342-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://119671751171-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?550566354249&amp;url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?328053365232&amp;url=https://naver328053365232-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?307525780837&amp;url=https://naver307525780837-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?473897730646&amp;url=https://naver473897730646-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?973496737499&amp;url=https://naver973496737499-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?978051708188&amp;url=https://naver978051708188-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?961925523973&amp;url=https://naver961925523973-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?546286284089&amp;url=https://naver546286284089-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?269078965067&amp;url=https://naver269078965067-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?620918272991&amp;url=https://naver620918272991-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?629038055962&amp;url=https://naver629038055962-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?859366138220&amp;url=https://naver859366138220-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?057357410413&amp;url=https://naver057357410413-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-219815191038.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-741664669495.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-146187519490.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-900113997154.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-520560084693.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-445385485497.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-896601054110.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-118678023562.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-000650430090.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-206617738506.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-418774985040.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-184194125886.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-560311062839.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-338942061471.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-993472138260.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-366650694499.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-795843033381-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-694420557223-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-383822792386-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/9821605743" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/4021587963">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Instruments for Teaching Ethical Decision-Making" title="Mobile Games as Instruments for Teaching Ethical Decision-Making" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-4021587963.mit-edu.top/post/4021587963/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/4021587963">Mobile Games as Instruments for Teaching Ethical Decision-Making</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">Esports has risen as a global phenomenon, transforming skilled gamers into celebrated athletes. They compete in electrifying tournaments watched by millions, showcasing their talents, earning recognition, fame, and substantial prize pools that rival those of traditional sports. The professionalization of esports has also led to the development of coaching, training facilities, and esports academies, paving the way for a new generation of esports professionals and cementing gaming as a legitimate career path.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/4021587963" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Instruments for Teaching Ethical Decision-Making" title="Mobile Games as Instruments for Teaching Ethical Decision-Making" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Angela Cooper</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/8160432597">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Designing Accessible Games for Neurodiverse Learners" title="Designing Accessible Games for Neurodiverse Learners" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-8160432597.mit-edu.top/post/8160432597/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/8160432597">Designing Accessible Games for Neurodiverse Learners</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research critically examines the ethical implications of data mining in mobile games, particularly concerning the collection and analysis of player data for monetization, personalization, and behavioral profiling. The paper evaluates how mobile game developers utilize big data, machine learning, and predictive analytics to gain insights into player behavior, highlighting the risks associated with data privacy, consent, and exploitation. Drawing on theories of privacy ethics and consumer protection, the study discusses potential regulatory frameworks and industry standards aimed at safeguarding user rights while maintaining the economic viability of mobile gaming businesses.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/8160432597" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Designing Accessible Games for Neurodiverse Learners" title="Designing Accessible Games for Neurodiverse Learners" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Joseph Lee</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/0286735194">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="The Impact of AR Mechanics on Player Collaboration in Co-Op Mobile Games" title="The Impact of AR Mechanics on Player Collaboration in Co-Op Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-0286735194.mit-edu.top/post/0286735194/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/0286735194">The Impact of AR Mechanics on Player Collaboration in Co-Op Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research examines how mobile gaming facilitates social interactions among players, focusing on community building, communication patterns, and the formation of virtual identities. It also considers the implications of mobile gaming on social behavior and relationships.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://kjahef.mit-edu.top/post/0286735194" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="The Impact of AR Mechanics on Player Collaboration in Co-Op Mobile Games" title="The Impact of AR Mechanics on Player Collaboration in Co-Op Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Mark Wright</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda