It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Mobile Games as Tools for Enhancing Cross-Cultural Understanding in a Globalized World #260314337082 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Mobile Games as Tools for Enhancing Cross-Cultural Understanding in a Globalized World" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Mobile Games as Tools for Enhancing Cross-Cultural Understanding in a Globalized World #260314337082 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T06:52:58Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Steven Mitchell" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Mobile Games as Tools for Enhancing Cross-Cultural Understanding in a Globalized World #260314337082 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Steven Mitchell",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T06:52:58Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/260314337082"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "260314337082",
  52.            "abstract": "Mobile Games as Tools for Enhancing Cross-Cultural Understanding in a Globalized World #260314337082 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Mobile Games as Tools for Enhancing Cross-Cultural Understanding in a Globalized World",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Steven Mitchell",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T06:52:58Z",
  58.                "url": "https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Tools for Enhancing Cross-Cultural Understanding in a Globalized World" title="Mobile Games as Tools for Enhancing Cross-Cultural Understanding in a Globalized World" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Steven Mitchell</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Mobile Games as Tools for Enhancing Cross-Cultural Understanding in a Globalized World</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Steven Mitchell for contributing the article "Mobile Games as Tools for Enhancing Cross-Cultural Understanding in a Globalized World".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Mobile Games as Tools for Enhancing Cross-Cultural Understanding in a Globalized World" title="Mobile Games as Tools for Enhancing Cross-Cultural Understanding in a Globalized World" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Game developers are the visionary architects behind the mesmerizing worlds and captivating narratives that define modern gaming experiences. Their tireless innovation and creativity have propelled the industry forward, delivering groundbreaking titles that blur the line between reality and fantasy, leaving players awestruck and eager for the next technological marvel.</p>
  100. <p>This study delves into the various strategies that mobile game developers use to maximize user retention, including personalized content, rewards systems, and social integration. It explores how data analytics are employed to track player behavior, predict churn, and optimize engagement strategies. The research also discusses the ethical concerns related to user tracking and retention tactics, proposing frameworks for responsible data use.</p>
  101. <p>This study examines the political economy of mobile game development, focusing on the labor dynamics, capital flows, and global supply chains that underpin the mobile gaming industry. The research investigates how outsourcing, labor exploitation, and the concentration of power in the hands of large multinational corporations shape the development and distribution of mobile games. Drawing on Marxist economic theory and critical media studies, the paper critiques the economic models that drive the mobile gaming industry and offers a critical analysis of the ethical, social, and political implications of the industry's global production networks.</p>
  102. <p>This study explores the role of player customization in mobile games, focusing on how avatar and character customization can influence player identity, self-expression, and engagement. The research examines how customizing characters, outfits, and other in-game features enables players to create personalized experiences that reflect their preferences and identities. Drawing on social identity theory and self-concept research, the paper investigates how customization fosters emotional attachment to the game, as well as its impact on player behavior, such as social interaction and competition. The study also explores the commercial implications of offering customizable in-game items, including microtransactions and virtual economies.</p>
  103. <p>The immersive world of gaming beckons players into a realm where fantasy meets reality, where pixels dance to the tune of imagination, and where challenges ignite the spirit of competition. From the sprawling landscapes of open-world adventures to the intricate mazes of puzzle games, every corner of this digital universe invites exploration and discovery. It's a place where players not only seek entertainment but also find solace, inspiration, and a sense of accomplishment as they navigate virtual realms filled with wonder and excitement.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://372728205362-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://269904836328-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://662116853126-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://956492628619-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://003745502724-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://409812407057-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://319281181566-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://016388739611-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://851656398217-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://436682293822-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://705776852028-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://757689323991-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://111504874441-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://137339105973-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://806105326487-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://964309513256-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://267764145866-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://398047733274-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://226551278055-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://569046786690-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?374702125880&amp;url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?018913469474&amp;url=https://naver018913469474-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?042612749210&amp;url=https://naver042612749210-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?532011012803&amp;url=https://naver532011012803-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?250197502873&amp;url=https://naver250197502873-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?158189132434&amp;url=https://naver158189132434-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?546837252272&amp;url=https://naver546837252272-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?022210625433&amp;url=https://naver022210625433-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?447790145738&amp;url=https://naver447790145738-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?554771083215&amp;url=https://naver554771083215-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?378922366045&amp;url=https://naver378922366045-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?160643599966&amp;url=https://naver160643599966-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?075406934826&amp;url=https://naver075406934826-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-053757373337.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-787684381821.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-524907512988.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-715159927696.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-034127370861.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-522710681196.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-089858452974.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-602788830012.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-080290809794.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-649937307576.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-460562770790.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-881761135129.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-969627363410.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-687767855921.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-044666553525.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-351703772549.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-234737931407-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-153415941111-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-488743666049-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/4617283950" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/8723560491">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Impact of Game Narratives on Player Empathy and Moral Decision-Making" title="Impact of Game Narratives on Player Empathy and Moral Decision-Making" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-8723560491.mit-edu.top/post/8723560491/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/8723560491">Impact of Game Narratives on Player Empathy and Moral Decision-Making</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the use of mobile games and gamification techniques in areas beyond entertainment, such as education, healthcare, and corporate training. It examines how game mechanics are applied to encourage desired behaviors, improve productivity, and enhance learning outcomes. The study also analyzes the effectiveness and challenges of gamification strategies, highlighting case studies from various industries.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/8723560491" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Impact of Game Narratives on Player Empathy and Moral Decision-Making" title="Impact of Game Narratives on Player Empathy and Moral Decision-Making" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Mary Johnson</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/3682059741">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Human-Computer Interaction Innovations in Mobile Games" title="Human-Computer Interaction Innovations in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-3682059741.mit-edu.top/post/3682059741/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/3682059741">Human-Computer Interaction Innovations in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study delves into the various strategies that mobile game developers use to maximize user retention, including personalized content, rewards systems, and social integration. It explores how data analytics are employed to track player behavior, predict churn, and optimize engagement strategies. The research also discusses the ethical concerns related to user tracking and retention tactics, proposing frameworks for responsible data use.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/3682059741" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Human-Computer Interaction Innovations in Mobile Games" title="Human-Computer Interaction Innovations in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Jonathan Torres</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/2753846019">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study" title="Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2753846019.mit-edu.top/post/2753846019/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/2753846019">Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study explores the use of mobile games as tools for political activism and social movements, focusing on how game mechanics can raise awareness about social, environmental, and political issues. By analyzing games that tackle topics such as climate change, racial justice, and gender equality, the paper investigates how game designers incorporate messages of activism into gameplay, narrative structures, and player decisions. The research also examines the potential for mobile games to inspire real-world action, fostering solidarity and collective mobilization through interactive digital experiences. The study offers a critical evaluation of the ethical implications of gamifying serious social issues, particularly in relation to authenticity, message dilution, and exploitation.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://kxcfyq.mit-edu.top/post/2753846019" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/10.jpg" alt="Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study" title="Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Evelyn Griffin</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda