It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Gamified Educational Tools #897122254652 (2025-02-07)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Gamified Educational Tools" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Gamified Educational Tools #897122254652 (2025-02-07)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-07T02:37:55Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. George Baker" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Gamified Educational Tools #897122254652 (2025-02-07)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. George Baker",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-07T02:37:55Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/897122254652"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "897122254652",
  52.            "abstract": "Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Gamified Educational Tools #897122254652 (2025-02-07)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Gamified Educational Tools",
  56.                "author": "Dr. George Baker",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-07T02:37:55Z",
  58.                "url": "https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Gamified Educational Tools" title="Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Gamified Educational Tools" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">George Baker</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-07</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Gamified Educational Tools</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to George Baker for contributing the article "Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Gamified Educational Tools".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Gamified Educational Tools" title="Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Gamified Educational Tools" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper explores the increasing integration of social media features in mobile games, such as in-game sharing, leaderboards, and social network connectivity. It examines how these features influence player behavior, community engagement, and the overall gaming experience. The research also discusses the benefits and challenges of incorporating social elements into games, particularly in terms of user privacy, data sharing, and online safety.</p>
  100. <p>This study examines how mobile games can be used as tools for promoting environmental awareness and sustainability. It investigates game mechanics that encourage players to engage in pro-environmental behaviors, such as resource conservation and eco-friendly practices. The paper highlights examples of games that address climate change, conservation, and environmental education, offering insights into how games can influence attitudes and behaviors related to sustainability.</p>
  101. <p>This study applies social network analysis (SNA) to investigate the role of social influence and network dynamics in mobile gaming communities. It examines how social relationships, information flow, and peer-to-peer interactions within these communities shape player behavior, preferences, and engagement patterns. The research builds upon social learning theory and network theory to model the spread of gaming behaviors, including game adoption, in-game purchases, and the sharing of strategies and achievements. The study also explores how mobile games leverage social influence mechanisms, such as multiplayer collaboration and social rewards, to enhance player retention and lifetime value.</p>
  102. <p>The quest for achievements and trophies fuels the drive for mastery, pushing gamers to hone their skills and conquer challenges that once seemed insurmountable. Whether completing 100% of a game's objectives or achieving top rankings in competitive modes, the pursuit of virtual accolades reflects a thirst for excellence and a desire to push boundaries. The sense of accomplishment that comes with unlocking achievements drives players to continually improve and excel in their gaming endeavors.</p>
  103. <p>The evolution of gaming has been a captivating journey through time, spanning from the rudimentary pixelated graphics of early arcade games to the breathtakingly immersive virtual worlds of today's cutting-edge MMORPGs. Over the decades, we've witnessed a remarkable transformation in gaming technology, with advancements in graphics, sound, storytelling, and gameplay mechanics continuously pushing the boundaries of what's possible in interactive entertainment.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://539961430956-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://438439718374-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://259887840737-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://970976619562-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://443371806895-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://570553251349-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://911967211549-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://730410078023-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://358583484581-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://302567531583-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://680482728687-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://925484614960-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://614872130179-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://452210913561-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://923419481869-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://182190136468-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://469816919251-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://299486394614-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://638274120102-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://793629859897-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?427988452289&amp;url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?791801081454&amp;url=https://naver791801081454-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?339218061760&amp;url=https://naver339218061760-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?606834814995&amp;url=https://naver606834814995-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?193349772604&amp;url=https://naver193349772604-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?511787758442&amp;url=https://naver511787758442-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?823322832266&amp;url=https://naver823322832266-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?144404965034&amp;url=https://naver144404965034-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?819754946388&amp;url=https://naver819754946388-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?661898412963&amp;url=https://naver661898412963-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?359963445411&amp;url=https://naver359963445411-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?816454211490&amp;url=https://naver816454211490-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?342538873869&amp;url=https://naver342538873869-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-214856937583.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-004153288441.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-239526547932.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-526384694100.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-439373407469.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-014717079618.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-077598531579.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-829565467948.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-645606414263.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-127274267113.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-769453328889.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-520056469296.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-712424701747.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-179967820826.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-562482153406.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-876041758755.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-537629276525-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-731071769373-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-449324878540-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/8269301745" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/5174802396">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/1.jpg" alt="Designing User Interfaces for Minimal Cognitive Load in Complex Mobile Games" title="Designing User Interfaces for Minimal Cognitive Load in Complex Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5174802396.mit-edu.top/post/5174802396/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/5174802396">Designing User Interfaces for Minimal Cognitive Load in Complex Mobile Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the potential role of mobile games in the development of digital twin technologies—virtual replicas of real-world entities and environments—focusing on how gaming engines and simulation platforms can contribute to the creation of accurate, real-time digital representations. The study examines the technological infrastructure required for mobile games to act as tools for digital twin creation, as well as the ethical considerations involved in representing real-world data and experiences in virtual spaces. The paper discusses the convergence of mobile gaming, AI, and the Internet of Things (IoT), proposing new avenues for innovation in both gaming and digital twin industries.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/5174802396" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="Designing User Interfaces for Minimal Cognitive Load in Complex Mobile Games" title="Designing User Interfaces for Minimal Cognitive Load in Complex Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Harold Matthews</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/5923174086">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Gamification as a Tool for Teaching Computational Ethics in STEM Education" title="Gamification as a Tool for Teaching Computational Ethics in STEM Education" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-5923174086.mit-edu.top/post/5923174086/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/5923174086">Gamification as a Tool for Teaching Computational Ethics in STEM Education</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study applies social network analysis (SNA) to investigate the role of social influence and network dynamics in mobile gaming communities. It examines how social relationships, information flow, and peer-to-peer interactions within these communities shape player behavior, preferences, and engagement patterns. The research builds upon social learning theory and network theory to model the spread of gaming behaviors, including game adoption, in-game purchases, and the sharing of strategies and achievements. The study also explores how mobile games leverage social influence mechanisms, such as multiplayer collaboration and social rewards, to enhance player retention and lifetime value.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/5923174086" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Gamification as a Tool for Teaching Computational Ethics in STEM Education" title="Gamification as a Tool for Teaching Computational Ethics in STEM Education" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Jonathan Torres</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/5749210638">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Adaptive Music Composition for Immersive Gaming Experiences in Mobile Platforms" title="Adaptive Music Composition for Immersive Gaming Experiences in Mobile Platforms" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-5749210638.mit-edu.top/post/5749210638/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-07</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/5749210638">Adaptive Music Composition for Immersive Gaming Experiences in Mobile Platforms</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Gaming events and conventions serve as epicenters of excitement and celebration, where developers unveil new titles, showcase cutting-edge technology, host competitive tournaments, and connect with fans face-to-face. Events like E3, Gamescom, and PAX are not just gatherings but cultural phenomena that unite gaming enthusiasts in shared anticipation, excitement, and camaraderie.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://p8zz3o.mit-edu.top/post/5749210638" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/19.jpg" alt="Adaptive Music Composition for Immersive Gaming Experiences in Mobile Platforms" title="Adaptive Music Composition for Immersive Gaming Experiences in Mobile Platforms" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Frank James</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-07 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>

Home · About · News · Docs · Terms

 
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda