It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement #799440339260 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement #799440339260 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T23:59:15Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Kevin Stewart" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement #799440339260 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Kevin Stewart",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T23:59:15Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/799440339260"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "799440339260",
  52.            "abstract": "The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement #799440339260 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Kevin Stewart",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T23:59:15Z",
  58.                "url": "https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement" title="The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Kevin Stewart</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Kevin Stewart for contributing the article "The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement" title="The Role of Flow Theory in Sustaining Long-Term Player Engagement" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study presents a multidimensional framework for understanding the diverse motivations that drive player engagement across different mobile game genres. By drawing on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the research examines how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors—such as achievement, autonomy, social interaction, and competition—affect player behavior and satisfaction. The paper explores how various game genres (e.g., casual, role-playing, and strategy games) tailor their game mechanics to cater to different motivational drivers. It also evaluates how player motivation impacts retention, in-game purchases, and long-term player loyalty, offering a deeper understanding of game design principles and their role in shaping player experiences.</p>
  100. <p>This research explores the integration of virtual reality (VR) technologies into mobile games and investigates its psychological and physiological effects on players. The study examines how VR can enhance immersion, presence, and player agency within mobile game environments, particularly in genres like action, horror, and simulation games. Drawing from cognitive neuroscience and human factors research, the paper analyzes the impact of VR-induced experiences on cognitive load, emotional responses, and physical well-being, such as motion sickness or eye strain. The paper also explores the challenges of VR integration on mobile platforms, including hardware limitations, user comfort, and accessibility.</p>
  101. <p>The debate surrounding the potential impact of violent video games on behavior continues to spark discussions and research within the gaming community and beyond. While some studies suggest a correlation between exposure to violent content and aggressive tendencies, the nuanced relationship between media consumption, psychological factors, and real-world behavior remains a topic of ongoing study and debate.</p>
  102. <p>This research examines how mobile gaming facilitates social interactions among players, focusing on community building, communication patterns, and the formation of virtual identities. It also considers the implications of mobile gaming on social behavior and relationships.</p>
  103. <p>This study investigates the privacy and data security issues associated with mobile gaming, focusing on data collection practices, user consent, and potential vulnerabilities. It proposes strategies for enhancing data protection and ensuring user privacy.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://170526914263-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://619441861457-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://980461479431-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://022548910855-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://041187985032-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://179023236591-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://482578082191-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://890493601613-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://937596735983-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://881101390339-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://790861155914-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://587186474595-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://724768638714-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://830422881690-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://237796369835-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://608479963915-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://293363396176-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://702786247195-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://082483903349-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://678385066334-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?969779288426&amp;url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?727061039967&amp;url=https://naver727061039967-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?574108694662&amp;url=https://naver574108694662-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?591333016722&amp;url=https://naver591333016722-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?935822679099&amp;url=https://naver935822679099-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?959316675709&amp;url=https://naver959316675709-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?101784077569&amp;url=https://naver101784077569-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?827736722763&amp;url=https://naver827736722763-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?320991911080&amp;url=https://naver320991911080-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?497143126809&amp;url=https://naver497143126809-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?481657089189&amp;url=https://naver481657089189-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?270489438253&amp;url=https://naver270489438253-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?666247195260&amp;url=https://naver666247195260-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-979988915964.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-917732199714.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-433959056955.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-747333734508.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-818799132538.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-434139713447.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-820381163942.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-956209053476.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-457702495523.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-640044340961.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-877225860641.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-990443817822.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-356343531254.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-741815905949.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-231023258993.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-356472856047.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-537032066278-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-504494729477-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-662366120923-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/5078142639" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/4120798536">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/13.jpg" alt="Data Privacy in Mobile Gaming: Risks and Best Practices" title="Data Privacy in Mobile Gaming: Risks and Best Practices" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-4120798536.mit-edu.top/post/4120798536/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/4120798536">Data Privacy in Mobile Gaming: Risks and Best Practices</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study examines the ethical implications of loot boxes in mobile games, with a particular focus on their psychological impact and potential to foster gambling behavior. It provides a legal analysis of how various jurisdictions have approached the regulation of loot boxes and explores the implications of their inclusion in games targeted at minors. The paper discusses potential reforms and alternatives to loot boxes in the mobile gaming industry.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/4120798536" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="Data Privacy in Mobile Gaming: Risks and Best Practices" title="Data Privacy in Mobile Gaming: Risks and Best Practices" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Raymond Henderson</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/6518924730">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Evaluating the Economic Impact of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations in Mobile Games" title="Evaluating the Economic Impact of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-6518924730.mit-edu.top/post/6518924730/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/6518924730">Evaluating the Economic Impact of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the influence of cultural differences on mobile game preferences and playstyles, examining how cultural values, social norms, and gaming traditions shape player behavior and engagement. By drawing on cross-cultural psychology and international marketing research, the study compares player preferences across different regions, including East Asia, North America, and Europe. The research investigates how cultural factors influence choices in game genre, design aesthetics, social interaction, and in-game purchasing behavior. The study also discusses how game developers can design culturally sensitive games that appeal to global audiences while maintaining local relevance, offering strategies for localization and cross-cultural adaptation.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/6518924730" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Evaluating the Economic Impact of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations in Mobile Games" title="Evaluating the Economic Impact of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Ryan Morgan</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/4873910526">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Dynamic Balancing of Virtual Currency Inflation in Persistent Game Worlds" title="Dynamic Balancing of Virtual Currency Inflation in Persistent Game Worlds" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-4873910526.mit-edu.top/post/4873910526/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/4873910526">Dynamic Balancing of Virtual Currency Inflation in Persistent Game Worlds</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research explores the potential of augmented reality (AR)-powered mobile games for enhancing educational experiences. The study examines how AR technology can be integrated into mobile games to provide immersive learning environments where players interact with both virtual and physical elements in real-time. Drawing on educational theories and gamification principles, the paper explores how AR mobile games can be used to teach complex concepts, such as science, history, and mathematics, through interactive simulations and hands-on learning. The research also evaluates the effectiveness of AR mobile games in fostering engagement, retention, and critical thinking in educational contexts, offering recommendations for future development.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://pf8q0s.mit-edu.top/post/4873910526" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="Dynamic Balancing of Virtual Currency Inflation in Persistent Game Worlds" title="Dynamic Balancing of Virtual Currency Inflation in Persistent Game Worlds" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Benjamin Powell</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda