It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design #970678173521 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design #970678173521 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/12.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T10:40:36Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. William Rodriguez" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design #970678173521 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. William Rodriguez",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T10:40:36Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/12.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/970678173521"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://research-007572.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "970678173521",
  52.            "abstract": "Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design #970678173521 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design",
  56.                "author": "Dr. William Rodriguez",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T10:40:36Z",
  58.                "url": "https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://research-007572.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design" title="Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">William Rodriguez</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to William Rodriguez for contributing the article "Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design" title="Gamified Representations of History: Ethical Considerations in Narrative Design" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research investigates the use of mobile games in health interventions, particularly in promoting positive health behavior changes such as physical activity, nutrition, and mental well-being. The study examines how gamification elements such as progress tracking, rewards, and challenges can be integrated into mobile health apps to increase user motivation and adherence to healthy behaviors. Drawing on behavioral psychology and health promotion theories, the paper explores the effectiveness of mobile games in influencing health-related outcomes and discusses the potential for using game mechanics to target specific health issues, such as obesity, stress management, and smoking cessation. The research also considers the ethical implications of using gaming techniques in health interventions, focusing on privacy concerns, user consent, and data security.</p>
  100. <p>The debate surrounding the potential impact of violent video games on behavior continues to spark discussions and research within the gaming community and beyond. While some studies suggest a correlation between exposure to violent content and aggressive tendencies, the nuanced relationship between media consumption, psychological factors, and real-world behavior remains a topic of ongoing study and debate.</p>
  101. <p>This research examines the role of mobile games in fostering virtual empathy, analyzing how game narratives, character design, and player interactions contribute to emotional understanding and compassion. By applying theories of empathy and emotion, the study explores how players engage with in-game characters and scenarios that evoke emotional responses, such as moral dilemmas or relationship-building. The paper investigates the psychological effects of empathetic experiences within mobile games, considering the potential benefits for social learning and emotional intelligence. It also addresses the ethical concerns surrounding the manipulation of emotions in games, particularly in relation to vulnerable populations and sensitive topics.</p>
  102. <p>This research examines the intersection of mobile games and the evolving landscape of media consumption, particularly in the context of journalism and news delivery. The study explores how mobile games are influencing the way users consume information, engage with news stories, and interact with media content. By analyzing game mechanics such as interactive narratives, role-playing elements, and user-driven content creation, the paper investigates how mobile games can be leveraged to deliver news in novel ways that increase engagement and foster critical thinking. The research also addresses the challenges of misinformation, echo chambers, and the ethical implications of gamified news delivery.</p>
  103. <p>This research explores the relationship between mobile gaming habits and academic performance among students. It examines both positive aspects, such as improved cognitive skills, and negative aspects, such as decreased study time and attention.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://551617536343-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://773201268713-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://246029775946-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://690324691022-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://158920255967-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://944438198130-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://600803018901-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://037533227771-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://690403573653-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://955856050703-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://136813972023-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://470846142727-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://332302716307-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://604916354438-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://052225968199-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://460091861252-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://998431337669-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://255075022132-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://218444733587-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://711487403010-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?513826047991&amp;url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?465724596644&amp;url=https://naver465724596644-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?384686747130&amp;url=https://naver384686747130-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?735524660243&amp;url=https://naver735524660243-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?602367796265&amp;url=https://naver602367796265-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?849652636189&amp;url=https://naver849652636189-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?646671041377&amp;url=https://naver646671041377-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?047673158124&amp;url=https://naver047673158124-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?487105060637&amp;url=https://naver487105060637-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?731869674331&amp;url=https://naver731869674331-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?757579918628&amp;url=https://naver757579918628-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?235298972168&amp;url=https://naver235298972168-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?125559625482&amp;url=https://naver125559625482-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-384247170690.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-498604526172.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-144683921346.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-153212261132.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-594201416984.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-287321937359.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-585799958478.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-510209637369.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-562208156726.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-621468320441.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-314051907237.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-053726499546.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-488523654069.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-150983788161.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-800765313265.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-530046062060.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-449356447514-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-055372836940-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-647953097023-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3021495768" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/0397821645">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/12.jpg" alt="Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Analytics in Mobile Game User Data" title="Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Analytics in Mobile Game User Data" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-0397821645.gifthub.news/post/0397821645/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/0397821645">Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Analytics in Mobile Game User Data</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the legal and ethical considerations surrounding data collection and user tracking in mobile games. The research examines how mobile game developers collect, store, and utilize player data, including behavioral data, location information, and in-app purchases, to enhance gameplay and monetization strategies. Drawing on data privacy laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), the study explores the compliance challenges that mobile game developers face and the ethical implications of player data usage. The paper provides a critical analysis of how developers can balance the need for data with respect for user privacy, offering guidelines for transparent data practices and ethical data management in mobile game development.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/0397821645" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Analytics in Mobile Game User Data" title="Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Analytics in Mobile Game User Data" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Brian Phillips</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/1576029843">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/5.jpg" alt="Behavioral Economics of In-Game Purchases: An Analytical Framework" title="Behavioral Economics of In-Game Purchases: An Analytical Framework" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-1576029843.gifthub.news/post/1576029843/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/1576029843">Behavioral Economics of In-Game Purchases: An Analytical Framework</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the impact of user-centric design principles in mobile games, focusing on how personalization and customization options influence player satisfaction and engagement. The research analyzes how mobile games employ features such as personalized avatars, dynamic content, and adaptive difficulty settings to cater to individual player preferences. By applying frameworks from human-computer interaction (HCI), motivation theory, and user experience (UX) design, the study explores how these design elements contribute to increased player retention, emotional attachment, and long-term engagement. The paper also considers the challenges of balancing personalization with accessibility, ensuring that customization does not exclude or frustrate diverse player groups.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/1576029843" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/15.jpg" alt="Behavioral Economics of In-Game Purchases: An Analytical Framework" title="Behavioral Economics of In-Game Purchases: An Analytical Framework" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Harold Matthews</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3710629548">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/4.jpg" alt="AI-Driven Systems for Promoting Ethical Player Interactions in Online Games" title="AI-Driven Systems for Promoting Ethical Player Interactions in Online Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-3710629548.gifthub.news/post/3710629548/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3710629548">AI-Driven Systems for Promoting Ethical Player Interactions in Online Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">Mobile gaming has democratized access to gaming experiences, empowering billions of smartphone users to dive into a vast array of games ranging from casual puzzles to graphically intensive adventures. The portability and convenience of mobile devices have transformed downtime into playtime, allowing gamers to indulge their passion anytime, anywhere, with a tap of their fingertips.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://research-007572.gifthub.news/post/3710629548" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/6.jpg" alt="AI-Driven Systems for Promoting Ethical Player Interactions in Online Games" title="AI-Driven Systems for Promoting Ethical Player Interactions in Online Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Peter Butler</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda