It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications #242914828987 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications #242914828987 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/9.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T04:48:25Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Gloria Bryant" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications #242914828987 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Gloria Bryant",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T04:48:25Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/9.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/242914828987"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://research-273837.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "242914828987",
  52.            "abstract": "Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications #242914828987 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Gloria Bryant",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T04:48:25Z",
  58.                "url": "https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://research-273837.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications" title="Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Gloria Bryant</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Gloria Bryant for contributing the article "Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications" title="Energy-Aware AI Models for Mobile Game Applications" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and digital citizenship, with a focus on the ethical, social, and political implications of gaming in the digital age. Drawing on sociotechnical theory, the study examines how mobile games contribute to the development of civic behaviors, digital literacy, and ethical engagement in online communities. It also explores the role of mobile games in shaping identity, social responsibility, and participatory culture. The paper critically evaluates the positive and negative impacts of mobile games on digital citizenship, and offers policy recommendations for fostering ethical game design and responsible player behavior in the digital ecosystem.</p>
  100. <p>This study examines the ethical implications of data collection practices in mobile games, focusing on how player data is used to personalize experiences, target advertisements, and influence in-game purchases. The research investigates the risks associated with data privacy violations, surveillance, and the exploitation of vulnerable players, particularly minors and those with addictive tendencies. By drawing on ethical frameworks from information technology ethics, the paper discusses the ethical responsibilities of game developers in balancing data-driven business models with player privacy. It also proposes guidelines for designing mobile games that prioritize user consent, transparency, and data protection.</p>
  101. <p>This study examines the sustainability of in-game economies in mobile games, focusing on virtual currencies, trade systems, and item marketplaces. The research explores how virtual economies are structured and how players interact with them, analyzing the balance between supply and demand, currency inflation, and the regulation of in-game resources. Drawing on economic theories of market dynamics and behavioral economics, the paper investigates how in-game economic systems influence player spending, engagement, and decision-making. The study also evaluates the role of developers in maintaining a stable virtual economy and mitigating issues such as inflation, pay-to-win mechanics, and market manipulation. The research provides recommendations for developers to create more sustainable and player-friendly in-game economies.</p>
  102. <p>A Comparative Analysis This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of various monetization models in mobile gaming, including in-app purchases, advertisements, and subscription services. It compares the effectiveness and ethical considerations of each model, offering recommendations for developers and policymakers.</p>
  103. <p>Gaming addiction is a complex issue that warrants attention and understanding, as some individuals struggle to find a healthy balance between their gaming pursuits and other responsibilities. It's important to promote responsible gaming habits, encourage breaks, and offer support to those who may be experiencing challenges in managing their gaming habits and overall well-being.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://329141384846-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://134863852636-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://017835967972-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://110505118505-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://891154755439-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://035733045096-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://618568057162-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://648292196679-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://074684245092-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://808615979798-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://008675582040-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://465975255017-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://504484385143-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://601906052549-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://075677328777-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://205820191382-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://997242259817-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://559437157640-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://759988187902-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://238210975918-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?624498564463&amp;url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?381172305227&amp;url=https://naver381172305227-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?224825787136&amp;url=https://naver224825787136-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?083430768975&amp;url=https://naver083430768975-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?116739461843&amp;url=https://naver116739461843-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?312135834277&amp;url=https://naver312135834277-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?253041652236&amp;url=https://naver253041652236-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?172367708912&amp;url=https://naver172367708912-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?505923648053&amp;url=https://naver505923648053-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?119442069296&amp;url=https://naver119442069296-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?966867017600&amp;url=https://naver966867017600-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?075970292137&amp;url=https://naver075970292137-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?433353050636&amp;url=https://naver433353050636-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-348118116613.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-742966609044.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-349403047868.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-780352726023.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-693698032073.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-488174042187.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-460173442802.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-615923361189.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-593802559666.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-911291462054.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-381599458839.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-194051752871.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-917223752801.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-757630559055.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-131328420242.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-518809974638.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-793799202445-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-287311673454-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-451825794074-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9214836705" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9143702856">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" title="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-9143702856.gifthub.news/post/9143702856/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9143702856">The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study examines the political economy of mobile game development, focusing on the labor dynamics, capital flows, and global supply chains that underpin the mobile gaming industry. The research investigates how outsourcing, labor exploitation, and the concentration of power in the hands of large multinational corporations shape the development and distribution of mobile games. Drawing on Marxist economic theory and critical media studies, the paper critiques the economic models that drive the mobile gaming industry and offers a critical analysis of the ethical, social, and political implications of the industry's global production networks.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/9143702856" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" title="The Impact of Dynamic Discounting on Player Purchase Behavior" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Nicholas Richardson</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/6913457820">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Financial Literacy Among Adolescents" title="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Financial Literacy Among Adolescents" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-6913457820.gifthub.news/post/6913457820/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/6913457820">The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Financial Literacy Among Adolescents</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper provides a comparative analysis of the various monetization strategies employed in mobile games, focusing on in-app purchases (IAP) and advertising revenue models. The research investigates the economic impact of these models on both developers and players, examining their effectiveness in generating sustainable revenue while maintaining player satisfaction. Drawing on marketing theory, behavioral economics, and user experience research, the study evaluates the trade-offs between IAPs, ad placements, and player retention. The paper also explores the ethical concerns surrounding monetization practices, particularly regarding player exploitation, pay-to-win mechanics, and the impact on children and vulnerable audiences.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/6913457820" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Financial Literacy Among Adolescents" title="The Role of Mobile Games in Promoting Financial Literacy Among Adolescents" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Brian Phillips</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/6183970425">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Augmenting Player Immersion in Mobile Games Through Advanced Haptic Feedback" title="Augmenting Player Immersion in Mobile Games Through Advanced Haptic Feedback" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-6183970425.gifthub.news/post/6183970425/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/6183970425">Augmenting Player Immersion in Mobile Games Through Advanced Haptic Feedback</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study applies social network analysis (SNA) to investigate the role of social influence and network dynamics in mobile gaming communities. It examines how social relationships, information flow, and peer-to-peer interactions within these communities shape player behavior, preferences, and engagement patterns. The research builds upon social learning theory and network theory to model the spread of gaming behaviors, including game adoption, in-game purchases, and the sharing of strategies and achievements. The study also explores how mobile games leverage social influence mechanisms, such as multiplayer collaboration and social rewards, to enhance player retention and lifetime value.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://research-273837.gifthub.news/post/6183970425" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Augmenting Player Immersion in Mobile Games Through Advanced Haptic Feedback" title="Augmenting Player Immersion in Mobile Games Through Advanced Haptic Feedback" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Linda Miller</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda