It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study #716869739081 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study #716869739081 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/9.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T15:42:11Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Brandon Barnes" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study #716869739081 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Brandon Barnes",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T15:42:11Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/9.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/716869739081"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://research-358535.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "716869739081",
  52.            "abstract": "Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study #716869739081 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Brandon Barnes",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T15:42:11Z",
  58.                "url": "https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://research-358535.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study" title="Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Brandon Barnes</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Brandon Barnes for contributing the article "Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study" title="Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study examines the sustainability of in-game economies in mobile games, focusing on virtual currencies, trade systems, and item marketplaces. The research explores how virtual economies are structured and how players interact with them, analyzing the balance between supply and demand, currency inflation, and the regulation of in-game resources. Drawing on economic theories of market dynamics and behavioral economics, the paper investigates how in-game economic systems influence player spending, engagement, and decision-making. The study also evaluates the role of developers in maintaining a stable virtual economy and mitigating issues such as inflation, pay-to-win mechanics, and market manipulation. The research provides recommendations for developers to create more sustainable and player-friendly in-game economies.</p>
  100. <p>This study explores the integration of augmented reality (AR) technologies in mobile games, examining how AR enhances user engagement and immersion. It discusses technical challenges, user acceptance, and the future potential of AR in mobile gaming.</p>
  101. <p>This study evaluates the efficacy of mobile games as gamified interventions for promoting physical and mental well-being. The research examines how health-related mobile games, such as fitness games, mindfulness apps, and therapeutic games, can improve players’ physical health, mental health, and overall quality of life. By drawing on health psychology and behavioral medicine, the paper investigates how mobile games use motivational mechanics, feedback systems, and social support to encourage healthy behaviors, such as exercise, stress reduction, and dietary changes. The study also reviews the effectiveness of gamified health interventions in clinical settings, offering a critical evaluation of their potential and limitations.</p>
  102. <p>This study compares the educational efficacy of mobile games designed for learning with those created purely for entertainment purposes, examining their impacts on knowledge retention, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Drawing from educational theory, cognitive psychology, and game design, the research evaluates how various game mechanics—such as points, challenges, and feedback loops—affect learning outcomes. The paper investigates how mobile games can bridge the gap between fun and education, proposing a framework for creating hybrid games that are both enjoyable and educational. The research also addresses the challenges of assessing learning outcomes in gamified environments and the role of player motivation in educational success.</p>
  103. <p>This paper examines the rise of cross-platform mobile gaming, where players can access the same game on multiple devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and PCs. It analyzes the technologies that enable seamless cross-platform play, including cloud synchronization and platform-agnostic development tools. The research also evaluates how cross-platform compatibility enhances user experience, providing greater flexibility and reducing barriers to entry for players.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://544339207957-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://023400170148-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://094648092535-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://455251963204-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://321335135509-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://409652208823-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://919340782916-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://530080931807-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://127919301346-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://314606269267-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://361451163854-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://885019651112-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://748674401546-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://652048527028-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://094105470247-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://788832408702-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://555267167587-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://135159937721-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://071942197614-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://421289992518-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?412284391585&amp;url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?705577929048&amp;url=https://naver705577929048-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?047399230459&amp;url=https://naver047399230459-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?999157738285&amp;url=https://naver999157738285-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?987982796525&amp;url=https://naver987982796525-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?559595594400&amp;url=https://naver559595594400-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?173901590398&amp;url=https://naver173901590398-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?568121776636&amp;url=https://naver568121776636-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?185626643044&amp;url=https://naver185626643044-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?293232089902&amp;url=https://naver293232089902-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?089643361823&amp;url=https://naver089643361823-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?597992311634&amp;url=https://naver597992311634-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?943844142017&amp;url=https://naver943844142017-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-343536885675.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-907071576960.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-474675410773.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-462030521338.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-496082029497.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-039116552755.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-717840789388.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-691530244165.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-810086567351.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-339378137291.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-316732313422.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-089714958885.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-709438669243.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-575817126007.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-492281851704.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-561595943535.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-347948687815-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-901181538798-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-392645270064-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/0457916832" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/7016825394">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Transcultural Game Narratives: Designing Stories for a Global Audience" title="Transcultural Game Narratives: Designing Stories for a Global Audience" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-7016825394.gifthub.news/post/7016825394/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/7016825394">Transcultural Game Narratives: Designing Stories for a Global Audience</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research investigates how mobile gaming influences cognitive skills such as problem-solving, attention span, and spatial reasoning. It analyzes both positive and negative effects, providing insights into the potential educational benefits and drawbacks of mobile gaming.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/7016825394" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="Transcultural Game Narratives: Designing Stories for a Global Audience" title="Transcultural Game Narratives: Designing Stories for a Global Audience" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Susan Thomas</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/1926537480">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Evaluating the Efficacy of Mobile Serious Games in Technical Skill Development" title="Evaluating the Efficacy of Mobile Serious Games in Technical Skill Development" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-1926537480.gifthub.news/post/1926537480/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/1926537480">Evaluating the Efficacy of Mobile Serious Games in Technical Skill Development</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">The allure of virtual worlds is undeniably powerful, drawing players into immersive realms where they can become anything from heroic warriors wielding enchanted swords to cunning strategists orchestrating grand schemes of conquest and diplomacy. These virtual realms are not just spaces for gaming but also avenues for self-expression and creativity, where players can customize their avatars, design unique outfits, and build virtual homes or kingdoms. The sense of agency and control over one's digital identity adds another layer of fascination to the gaming experience, blurring the boundaries between fantasy and reality.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/1926537480" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Evaluating the Efficacy of Mobile Serious Games in Technical Skill Development" title="Evaluating the Efficacy of Mobile Serious Games in Technical Skill Development" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Amanda Evans</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/8932615407">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="The Evolution of Trustless Economies in Blockchain-Enabled Gaming" title="The Evolution of Trustless Economies in Blockchain-Enabled Gaming" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-8932615407.gifthub.news/post/8932615407/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/8932615407">The Evolution of Trustless Economies in Blockchain-Enabled Gaming</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the use of mobile games as learning tools, integrating gamification strategies into educational contexts. The research draws on cognitive learning theories and educational psychology to analyze how game mechanics such as rewards, challenges, and feedback influence knowledge retention, motivation, and problem-solving skills. By reviewing case studies of mobile learning games, the paper identifies best practices for designing educational games that foster deep learning experiences while maintaining player engagement. The study also examines the potential for mobile games to address disparities in education access and equity, particularly in resource-limited environments.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://research-358535.gifthub.news/post/8932615407" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="The Evolution of Trustless Economies in Blockchain-Enabled Gaming" title="The Evolution of Trustless Economies in Blockchain-Enabled Gaming" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Patrick Russell</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda