It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Digital Play as a Medium for Transnational Cultural Exchange #901936730619 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Digital Play as a Medium for Transnational Cultural Exchange" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Digital Play as a Medium for Transnational Cultural Exchange #901936730619 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T04:50:23Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Ryan Morgan" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Digital Play as a Medium for Transnational Cultural Exchange #901936730619 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Ryan Morgan",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T04:50:23Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/901936730619"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://research-391866.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "901936730619",
  52.            "abstract": "Digital Play as a Medium for Transnational Cultural Exchange #901936730619 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Digital Play as a Medium for Transnational Cultural Exchange",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Ryan Morgan",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T04:50:23Z",
  58.                "url": "https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://research-391866.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="Digital Play as a Medium for Transnational Cultural Exchange" title="Digital Play as a Medium for Transnational Cultural Exchange" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Ryan Morgan</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Digital Play as a Medium for Transnational Cultural Exchange</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Ryan Morgan for contributing the article "Digital Play as a Medium for Transnational Cultural Exchange".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Digital Play as a Medium for Transnational Cultural Exchange" title="Digital Play as a Medium for Transnational Cultural Exchange" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This paper investigates the potential of neurofeedback and biofeedback techniques in mobile games to enhance player performance and overall gaming experience. The research examines how mobile games can integrate real-time brainwave monitoring, heart rate variability, and galvanic skin response to provide players with personalized feedback and guidance to improve focus, relaxation, or emotional regulation. Drawing on neuropsychology and biofeedback research, the study explores the cognitive and emotional benefits of biofeedback-based game mechanics, particularly in improving players' attention, stress management, and learning outcomes. The paper also discusses the ethical concerns related to the use of biofeedback data and the potential risks of manipulating player physiology.</p>
  100. <p>This study compares the educational efficacy of mobile games designed for learning with those created purely for entertainment purposes, examining their impacts on knowledge retention, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Drawing from educational theory, cognitive psychology, and game design, the research evaluates how various game mechanics—such as points, challenges, and feedback loops—affect learning outcomes. The paper investigates how mobile games can bridge the gap between fun and education, proposing a framework for creating hybrid games that are both enjoyable and educational. The research also addresses the challenges of assessing learning outcomes in gamified environments and the role of player motivation in educational success.</p>
  101. <p>This paper investigates the ethical concerns surrounding mobile game addiction and its potential societal consequences. It examines the role of game design features, such as reward loops, monetization practices, and social competition, in fostering addictive behaviors among players. The research analyzes current regulatory frameworks across different countries and proposes policy recommendations aimed at mitigating the negative effects of mobile game addiction, with an emphasis on industry self-regulation, consumer protection, and the promotion of healthy gaming habits.</p>
  102. <p>This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and behavioral economics, focusing on how in-game purchases influence player decision-making. The study analyzes common behavioral biases, such as the “anchoring effect” and “loss aversion,” that developers exploit to encourage spending. It provides insights into how these economic principles affect the design of monetization strategies and the ethical considerations involved in manipulating player behavior.</p>
  103. <p>This paper investigates the ethical implications of digital addiction in mobile games, specifically focusing on the role of game design in preventing compulsive play and overuse. The research explores how game mechanics such as reward systems, social comparison, and time-limited events may contribute to addictive behavior, particularly in vulnerable populations. Drawing on behavioral addiction theories, the study examines how developers can design games that are both engaging and ethical by avoiding exploitative practices while promoting healthy gaming habits. The paper also discusses strategies for mitigating the negative impacts of digital addiction, such as incorporating breaks, time limits, and player welfare features, to reduce the risk of game-related compulsive behavior.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://672972444657-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://136448572349-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://777415283471-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://625181895539-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://486611688330-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://869106278887-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://976430378040-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://109043139050-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://777666364908-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://046850971885-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://199104182948-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://584085889475-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://462640260181-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://590785643042-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://620667114479-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://496504763732-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://296600862829-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://630088937688-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://064437667228-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://304687551669-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?452221027460&amp;url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?226058888247&amp;url=https://naver226058888247-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?902068014237&amp;url=https://naver902068014237-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?339085118713&amp;url=https://naver339085118713-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?692527218524&amp;url=https://naver692527218524-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?436959683691&amp;url=https://naver436959683691-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?202084443795&amp;url=https://naver202084443795-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?427280733339&amp;url=https://naver427280733339-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?397667887185&amp;url=https://naver397667887185-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?530900542271&amp;url=https://naver530900542271-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?344787617483&amp;url=https://naver344787617483-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?171890453443&amp;url=https://naver171890453443-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?598725960438&amp;url=https://naver598725960438-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-290049357546.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-691046496278.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-865908838832.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-877532191395.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-934561458949.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-822615992755.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-975104608165.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-310115098269.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-869035632142.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-513429960072.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-581418494397.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-850065326669.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-665773931173.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-912452247354.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-887454420997.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-380598899034.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-268093482238-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-670679408558-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-437341867777-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9578460213" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9260743815">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="The Role of Color Theory in Enhancing Player Navigation in Open-World Mobile Games" title="The Role of Color Theory in Enhancing Player Navigation in Open-World Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-9260743815.gifthub.news/post/9260743815/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9260743815">The Role of Color Theory in Enhancing Player Navigation in Open-World Mobile Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research explores how mobile gaming influences cultural identity and expression across different regions. It examines the role of mobile games in cultural exchange, preservation, and the representation of diverse cultures. This research investigates how mobile gaming affects sleep quality and duration, considering factors such as screen time, game content, and player demographics. It provides insights into the health implications of mobile gaming habits.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/9260743815" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/2.jpg" alt="The Role of Color Theory in Enhancing Player Navigation in Open-World Mobile Games" title="The Role of Color Theory in Enhancing Player Navigation in Open-World Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Mary Johnson</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/8297654301">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="The Intersection of Game Monetization and User Experience in Freemium Models" title="The Intersection of Game Monetization and User Experience in Freemium Models" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-8297654301.gifthub.news/post/8297654301/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/8297654301">The Intersection of Game Monetization and User Experience in Freemium Models</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study investigates the effectiveness of gamified fitness elements in mobile games as a means of promoting physical activity and improving health outcomes. The research analyzes how mobile games incorporate incentives such as rewards, progress tracking, and competition to motivate players to engage in regular physical exercise. Drawing on health psychology and behavior change theory, the paper examines the psychological and physiological effects of gamified fitness, exploring how it influences players' attitudes toward exercise, their long-term fitness habits, and overall health. The study also evaluates the limitations of gamified fitness interventions, particularly regarding their ability to maintain player motivation over time and address issues related to sedentary behavior.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/8297654301" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/17.jpg" alt="The Intersection of Game Monetization and User Experience in Freemium Models" title="The Intersection of Game Monetization and User Experience in Freemium Models" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Gloria Bryant</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/6405287931">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Post-Quantum Cryptographic Solutions for Securing Virtual Economies" title="Post-Quantum Cryptographic Solutions for Securing Virtual Economies" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-6405287931.gifthub.news/post/6405287931/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/6405287931">Post-Quantum Cryptographic Solutions for Securing Virtual Economies</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study examines the growing trend of fitness-related mobile games, which use game mechanics to motivate players to engage in physical activities. It evaluates the effectiveness of these games in promoting healthier behaviors and increasing physical activity levels. The paper also investigates the psychological factors behind players’ motivation to exercise through games and explores the future potential of fitness gamification in public health campaigns.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://research-391866.gifthub.news/post/6405287931" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Post-Quantum Cryptographic Solutions for Securing Virtual Economies" title="Post-Quantum Cryptographic Solutions for Securing Virtual Economies" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Gary Rivera</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda