It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Game-Based Cognitive Training for Early Childhood Development #019983865706 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Game-Based Cognitive Training for Early Childhood Development" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Game-Based Cognitive Training for Early Childhood Development #019983865706 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/18.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T06:22:26Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Lisa Walker" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Game-Based Cognitive Training for Early Childhood Development #019983865706 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Lisa Walker",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T06:22:26Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/18.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/019983865706"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://research-409718.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "019983865706",
  52.            "abstract": "Game-Based Cognitive Training for Early Childhood Development #019983865706 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Game-Based Cognitive Training for Early Childhood Development",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Lisa Walker",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T06:22:26Z",
  58.                "url": "https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://research-409718.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="Game-Based Cognitive Training for Early Childhood Development" title="Game-Based Cognitive Training for Early Childhood Development" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Lisa Walker</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Game-Based Cognitive Training for Early Childhood Development</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Lisa Walker for contributing the article "Game-Based Cognitive Training for Early Childhood Development".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Game-Based Cognitive Training for Early Childhood Development" title="Game-Based Cognitive Training for Early Childhood Development" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Game soundtracks, with their mesmerizing melodies and epic compositions, serve as the heartbeat of virtual adventures, evoking emotions that amplify the gaming experience. From haunting orchestral scores to adrenaline-pumping electronic beats, music sets the tone for gameplay, enhancing atmosphere, and heightening emotions. The synergy between gameplay and sound creates moments of cinematic grandeur, transforming gaming sessions into epic journeys of the senses.</p>
  100. <p>Indie game developers play a vital role in shaping the diverse landscape of gaming, bringing fresh perspectives, innovative gameplay mechanics, and compelling narratives to the forefront. Their creative freedom and entrepreneurial spirit fuel a culture of experimentation and discovery, driving the industry forward with bold ideas and unique gaming experiences that captivate players' imaginations.</p>
  101. <p>This paper explores the increasing integration of social media features in mobile games, such as in-game sharing, leaderboards, and social network connectivity. It examines how these features influence player behavior, community engagement, and the overall gaming experience. The research also discusses the benefits and challenges of incorporating social elements into games, particularly in terms of user privacy, data sharing, and online safety.</p>
  102. <p>This research applies behavioral economics theories to the analysis of in-game purchasing behavior in mobile games, exploring how psychological factors such as loss aversion, framing effects, and the endowment effect influence players' spending decisions. The study investigates the role of game design in encouraging or discouraging spending behavior, particularly within free-to-play models that rely on microtransactions. The paper examines how developers use pricing strategies, scarcity mechanisms, and rewards to motivate players to make purchases, and how these strategies impact player satisfaction, long-term retention, and overall game profitability. The research also considers the ethical concerns associated with in-game purchases, particularly in relation to vulnerable players.</p>
  103. <p>This paper examines the psychological factors that drive player motivation in mobile games, focusing on how developers can optimize game design to enhance player engagement and ensure long-term retention. The study investigates key motivational theories, such as Self-Determination Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, to explore how intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, influence player behavior. Drawing on empirical studies and player data, the research analyzes how different game mechanics, such as rewards, achievements, and social interaction, shape players’ emotional investment and commitment to games. The paper also discusses the role of narrative, social comparison, and competition in sustaining player motivation over time.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://134154883923-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://908965564725-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://522729942468-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://846149539326-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://982365917280-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://184431215930-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://893836424760-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://252971990433-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://555158238621-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://264740866064-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://263206562087-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://901763990364-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://440057473794-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://450659450636-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://926063408503-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://251621066032-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://077030733330-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://681542867929-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://036739947641-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://714158127271-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?468261274848&amp;url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?832606788294&amp;url=https://naver832606788294-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?117844991817&amp;url=https://naver117844991817-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?934328202462&amp;url=https://naver934328202462-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?141960481165&amp;url=https://naver141960481165-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?664746549971&amp;url=https://naver664746549971-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?892149354550&amp;url=https://naver892149354550-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?598715371856&amp;url=https://naver598715371856-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?400408698902&amp;url=https://naver400408698902-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?848293353224&amp;url=https://naver848293353224-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?862047698749&amp;url=https://naver862047698749-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?508499683513&amp;url=https://naver508499683513-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?858171667862&amp;url=https://naver858171667862-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-622506457396.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-364616001829.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-085872135395.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-040770317888.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-589661560147.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-351890394472.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-513201159016.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-272297923013.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-053590741071.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-286198726045.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-847248554903.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-978186304024.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-896401995719.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-675066464272.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-803305895546.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-635117174781.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-327755046387-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-966520284705-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-513091123998-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/8415067293" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/5907286143">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Gamifying Environmental Policy: A Simulation-Based Approach" title="Gamifying Environmental Policy: A Simulation-Based Approach" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5907286143.gifthub.news/post/5907286143/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/5907286143">Gamifying Environmental Policy: A Simulation-Based Approach</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research explores the potential of integrating cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques into mobile game design to promote mental health and well-being. The study investigates how game mechanics, such as goal-setting, positive reinforcement, and self-reflection, can be used to incorporate CBT principles into mobile games aimed at addressing issues such as anxiety, depression, and stress. Drawing on psychological theories of behavior change, the paper examines the efficacy of mobile games as tools for delivering therapeutic interventions and improving mental health outcomes. The research also discusses the challenges of designing games that balance therapeutic goals with entertainment value, as well as the ethical considerations of using games as therapeutic tools.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/5907286143" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="Gamifying Environmental Policy: A Simulation-Based Approach" title="Gamifying Environmental Policy: A Simulation-Based Approach" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Carol Campbell</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/0135687942">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/18.jpg" alt="Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games" title="Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-0135687942.gifthub.news/post/0135687942/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/0135687942">Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research explores how mobile games contribute to the development of digital literacy skills among young players. It looks at how games can teach skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and technology literacy, and how these skills transfer to real-world applications. The study also considers the potential risks associated with mobile gaming, including exposure to online predators and the spread of misinformation, and suggests strategies for promoting safe and effective gaming.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/0135687942" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games" title="Understanding Digital Scarcity: Tokenized Assets in Blockchain-Based Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Steven Mitchell</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/3480621957">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" title="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-3480621957.gifthub.news/post/3480621957/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/3480621957">Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study explores the integration of narrative design and gameplay mechanics in mobile games, focusing on how immersive storytelling can enhance player engagement and emotional investment. The research investigates how developers use branching narratives, character development, and world-building elements to create compelling storylines that drive player interaction and decision-making. Drawing on narrative theory and interactive storytelling principles, the paper examines how different narrative structures—such as linear, non-linear, and emergent storytelling—affect player experience in mobile games. The research also discusses the role of player agency in shaping the narrative and the challenges of balancing narrative depth with gameplay accessibility in mobile games.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://research-409718.gifthub.news/post/3480621957" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" title="Explainable Machine Learning Models for Predicting Player Retention Patterns" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Eric Howard</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda