It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Gender Dynamics in Mobile Games: Representation, Participation, and Perception #581912752839 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Gender Dynamics in Mobile Games: Representation, Participation, and Perception" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Gender Dynamics in Mobile Games: Representation, Participation, and Perception #581912752839 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T06:55:48Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Ryan Morgan" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Gender Dynamics in Mobile Games: Representation, Participation, and Perception #581912752839 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Ryan Morgan",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T06:55:48Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/581912752839"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://research-507314.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "581912752839",
  52.            "abstract": "Gender Dynamics in Mobile Games: Representation, Participation, and Perception #581912752839 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Gender Dynamics in Mobile Games: Representation, Participation, and Perception",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Ryan Morgan",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T06:55:48Z",
  58.                "url": "https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://research-507314.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Gender Dynamics in Mobile Games: Representation, Participation, and Perception" title="Gender Dynamics in Mobile Games: Representation, Participation, and Perception" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Ryan Morgan</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Gender Dynamics in Mobile Games: Representation, Participation, and Perception</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Ryan Morgan for contributing the article "Gender Dynamics in Mobile Games: Representation, Participation, and Perception".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Gender Dynamics in Mobile Games: Representation, Participation, and Perception" title="Gender Dynamics in Mobile Games: Representation, Participation, and Perception" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study explores the integration of augmented reality (AR) technologies in mobile games, examining how AR enhances user engagement and immersion. It discusses technical challenges, user acceptance, and the future potential of AR in mobile gaming.</p>
  100. <p>This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and behavioral economics, focusing on how in-game purchases influence player decision-making. The study analyzes common behavioral biases, such as the “anchoring effect” and “loss aversion,” that developers exploit to encourage spending. It provides insights into how these economic principles affect the design of monetization strategies and the ethical considerations involved in manipulating player behavior.</p>
  101. <p>This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and digital citizenship, with a focus on the ethical, social, and political implications of gaming in the digital age. Drawing on sociotechnical theory, the study examines how mobile games contribute to the development of civic behaviors, digital literacy, and ethical engagement in online communities. It also explores the role of mobile games in shaping identity, social responsibility, and participatory culture. The paper critically evaluates the positive and negative impacts of mobile games on digital citizenship, and offers policy recommendations for fostering ethical game design and responsible player behavior in the digital ecosystem.</p>
  102. <p>This research investigates the role of user experience (UX) design in mobile gaming, focusing on how players from different cultural backgrounds interact with mobile games and perceive gameplay elements. The study compares UX design preferences and usability testing results from players in various regions, such as North America, Europe, and Asia. By applying cross-cultural psychology and design theory, the paper analyzes how cultural values, technological literacy, and gaming traditions influence player engagement, satisfaction, and learning outcomes in mobile games. The research provides actionable insights into how UX designers can tailor game interfaces, mechanics, and narratives to better suit diverse global audiences.</p>
  103. <p>This meta-analysis synthesizes existing psychometric studies to assess the impact of mobile gaming on cognitive and emotional intelligence. The research systematically reviews empirical evidence regarding the effects of mobile gaming on cognitive abilities, such as memory, attention, and problem-solving, as well as emotional intelligence competencies, such as empathy, emotional regulation, and interpersonal skills. By applying meta-analytic techniques, the study provides robust insights into the cognitive and emotional benefits and drawbacks of mobile gaming, with a particular focus on game genre, duration of gameplay, and individual differences in player characteristics.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://386392014190-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://831431120488-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://418883512151-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://453872865019-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://222270022910-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://262587633011-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://297809821049-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://151343479628-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://491793823603-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://595700715840-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://197150099278-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://560831290760-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://831326345151-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://161088945938-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://157124118340-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://084600717926-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://710313128841-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://362107206776-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://858541223255-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://668552789009-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?820497182037&amp;url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?159584051907&amp;url=https://naver159584051907-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?186186069019&amp;url=https://naver186186069019-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?827031757705&amp;url=https://naver827031757705-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?210301029738&amp;url=https://naver210301029738-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?344345228931&amp;url=https://naver344345228931-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?116887318449&amp;url=https://naver116887318449-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?652525369894&amp;url=https://naver652525369894-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?316110321000&amp;url=https://naver316110321000-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?741686542704&amp;url=https://naver741686542704-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?341320752473&amp;url=https://naver341320752473-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?416617781840&amp;url=https://naver416617781840-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?505785219342&amp;url=https://naver505785219342-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-328666017678.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-447531582150.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-672617959715.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-316084929682.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-840056114385.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-070052583292.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-785653837942.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-654092600705.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-954383552017.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-300195350769.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-029099695024.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-380692332442.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-978054957957.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-926529067027.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-260404602507.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-902708490153.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-059851587528-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-099249940220-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-160186491487-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/3459170826" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/9456017238">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underlying Player Engagement in Gamified Experiences" title="Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underlying Player Engagement in Gamified Experiences" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-9456017238.gifthub.news/post/9456017238/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/9456017238">Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underlying Player Engagement in Gamified Experiences</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">The storytelling in video games has matured into an art form, offering players complex narratives filled with rich characters, moral dilemmas, and emotionally resonant experiences that rival those found in literature and cinema. Players are no longer passive consumers but active participants in interactive narratives, shaping the outcome of stories through their choices and actions. This interactive storytelling blurs the line between player and protagonist, creating deeply personal and immersive narratives that leave a lasting impact.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/9456017238" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underlying Player Engagement in Gamified Experiences" title="Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underlying Player Engagement in Gamified Experiences" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Alexander Ward</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/9281046735">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence" title="Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9281046735.gifthub.news/post/9281046735/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/9281046735">Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms in predicting player behavior and personalizing mobile game experiences. The research investigates how AI techniques such as collaborative filtering, reinforcement learning, and predictive analytics can be used to adapt game difficulty, narrative progression, and in-game rewards based on individual player preferences and past behavior. By drawing on concepts from behavioral science and AI, the study evaluates the effectiveness of AI-powered personalization in enhancing player engagement, retention, and monetization. The paper also considers the ethical challenges of AI-driven personalization, including the potential for manipulation and algorithmic bias.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/9281046735" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence" title="Games as Experimental Platforms for Studying Collective Intelligence" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Donna Perez</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/7159280346">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/7.jpg" alt="The Application of Digital Twins in Game World Simulation and Testing" title="The Application of Digital Twins in Game World Simulation and Testing" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7159280346.gifthub.news/post/7159280346/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/7159280346">The Application of Digital Twins in Game World Simulation and Testing</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study leverages mobile game analytics and predictive modeling techniques to explore how player behavior data can be used to enhance monetization strategies and retention rates. The research employs machine learning algorithms to analyze patterns in player interactions, purchase behaviors, and in-game progression, with the goal of forecasting player lifetime value and identifying factors contributing to player churn. The paper offers insights into how game developers can optimize their revenue models through targeted in-game offers, personalized content, and adaptive difficulty settings, while also discussing the ethical implications of data collection and algorithmic decision-making in the gaming industry.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://research-507314.gifthub.news/post/7159280346" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="The Application of Digital Twins in Game World Simulation and Testing" title="The Application of Digital Twins in Game World Simulation and Testing" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Walter Hughes</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda