It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games #809802265036 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games #809802265036 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/14.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T10:02:08Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Patricia Brown" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games #809802265036 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Patricia Brown",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T10:02:08Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/14.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/809802265036"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://research-566204.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "809802265036",
  52.            "abstract": "The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games #809802265036 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Patricia Brown",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T10:02:08Z",
  58.                "url": "https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://research-566204.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games" title="The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Patricia Brown</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Patricia Brown for contributing the article "The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games" title="The Intersection of Religion and Mobile Gaming: A Content Analysis of Faith-Based Games" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This research explores the intersection of mobile gaming and behavioral economics, focusing on how in-game purchases influence player decision-making. The study analyzes common behavioral biases, such as the “anchoring effect” and “loss aversion,” that developers exploit to encourage spending. It provides insights into how these economic principles affect the design of monetization strategies and the ethical considerations involved in manipulating player behavior.</p>
  100. <p>The quest for achievements and trophies fuels the drive for mastery, pushing gamers to hone their skills and conquer challenges that once seemed insurmountable. Whether completing 100% of a game's objectives or achieving top rankings in competitive modes, the pursuit of virtual accolades reflects a thirst for excellence and a desire to push boundaries. The sense of accomplishment that comes with unlocking achievements drives players to continually improve and excel in their gaming endeavors.</p>
  101. <p>This study investigates the privacy and data security issues associated with mobile gaming, focusing on data collection practices, user consent, and potential vulnerabilities. It proposes strategies for enhancing data protection and ensuring user privacy.</p>
  102. <p>Game soundtracks, with their mesmerizing melodies and epic compositions, serve as the heartbeat of virtual adventures, evoking emotions that amplify the gaming experience. From haunting orchestral scores to adrenaline-pumping electronic beats, music sets the tone for gameplay, enhancing atmosphere, and heightening emotions. The synergy between gameplay and sound creates moments of cinematic grandeur, transforming gaming sessions into epic journeys of the senses.</p>
  103. <p>This study explores the social and economic implications of microtransactions in mobile gaming, focusing on player behavior, spending patterns, and the potential for addiction. It also investigates the broader effects on the gaming industry, such as the shift in business models, the emergence of virtual economies, and the ethical concerns surrounding "pay-to-win" mechanics. The research offers policy recommendations to address these issues in a balanced manner.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://040744249657-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://683051719877-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://028538643627-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://042017786181-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://263141943807-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://662924739940-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://619237454878-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://963244010203-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://677661633666-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://402880776101-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://513533901668-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://831107848026-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://004715966220-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://511788661781-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://566468178640-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://146868820099-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://856034290847-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://654519533210-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://102102188782-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://102296962413-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?476808818139&amp;url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?348217438757&amp;url=https://naver348217438757-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?353595942623&amp;url=https://naver353595942623-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?414327362193&amp;url=https://naver414327362193-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?846612457717&amp;url=https://naver846612457717-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?201574825368&amp;url=https://naver201574825368-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?094213608279&amp;url=https://naver094213608279-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?414285906163&amp;url=https://naver414285906163-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?546072981312&amp;url=https://naver546072981312-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?773600551070&amp;url=https://naver773600551070-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?661377632349&amp;url=https://naver661377632349-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?538679957217&amp;url=https://naver538679957217-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?362570537665&amp;url=https://naver362570537665-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-438662616483.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-489100947294.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-248915458225.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-587135583494.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-499218732524.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-060992550264.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-812262701632.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-405768275275.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-420557938264.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-535609949525.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-343970412467.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-161097541111.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-006058693990.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-932289906115.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-870092192708.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-678067161380.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-280992589598-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-808188045842-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-658897826816-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/9271068453" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/5089341672">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/14.jpg" alt="Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study" title="Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5089341672.gifthub.news/post/5089341672/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/5089341672">Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper investigates the impact of mobile gaming on attention span and cognitive load, particularly in relation to multitasking behaviors and the consumption of digital media. The research examines how the fast-paced, highly interactive nature of mobile games affects cognitive processes such as sustained attention, task-switching, and mental fatigue. Using experimental methods and cognitive psychology theories, the study analyzes how different types of mobile games, from casual games to action-packed shooters, influence players’ ability to focus on tasks and process information. The paper explores the long-term effects of mobile gaming on attention span and offers recommendations for mitigating negative impacts, especially in the context of educational and professional environments.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/5089341672" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study" title="Affective Engagement in Narrative-Driven Mobile Games: An Empirical Study" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Stephen Hamilton</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/0794832516">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games" title="Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-0794832516.gifthub.news/post/0794832516/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/0794832516">Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research explores the integration of ethical decision-making frameworks into the design of mobile games, focusing on how developers can incorporate ethical principles into game mechanics and player interactions. The study examines the role of moral choices, consequences, and ethical dilemmas in games, analyzing how these elements influence player decision-making, empathy, and social responsibility. Drawing on ethical philosophy, game theory, and human-computer interaction, the paper investigates how ethical game design can foster awareness of societal issues, promote ethical behavior, and encourage critical thinking. The research also addresses the challenges of balancing ethical considerations with commercial success and player enjoyment.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/0794832516" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/12.jpg" alt="Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games" title="Ethical Implications of Biometric Data Use in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Michael Davis</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/2749381056">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Gesture-Based Controls for Mobile Games: A Usability Study" title="Gesture-Based Controls for Mobile Games: A Usability Study" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-2749381056.gifthub.news/post/2749381056/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/2749381056">Gesture-Based Controls for Mobile Games: A Usability Study</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research investigates the role of user experience (UX) design in mobile gaming, focusing on how players from different cultural backgrounds interact with mobile games and perceive gameplay elements. The study compares UX design preferences and usability testing results from players in various regions, such as North America, Europe, and Asia. By applying cross-cultural psychology and design theory, the paper analyzes how cultural values, technological literacy, and gaming traditions influence player engagement, satisfaction, and learning outcomes in mobile games. The research provides actionable insights into how UX designers can tailor game interfaces, mechanics, and narratives to better suit diverse global audiences.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://research-566204.gifthub.news/post/2749381056" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="Gesture-Based Controls for Mobile Games: A Usability Study" title="Gesture-Based Controls for Mobile Games: A Usability Study" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Paul Young</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda