It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events #377601954928 (2025-02-02)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events #377601954928 (2025-02-02)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/8.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-02T00:42:19Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Scott Bennett" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events #377601954928 (2025-02-02)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Scott Bennett",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-02T00:42:19Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/8.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/377601954928"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "377601954928",
  52.            "abstract": "The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events #377601954928 (2025-02-02)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Scott Bennett",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-02T00:42:19Z",
  58.                "url": "https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events" title="The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Scott Bennett</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-02</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Scott Bennett for contributing the article "The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events" title="The Psychology of Scarcity in Time-Limited Game Events" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>The evolution of gaming has been a captivating journey through time, spanning from the rudimentary pixelated graphics of early arcade games to the breathtakingly immersive virtual worlds of today's cutting-edge MMORPGs. Over the decades, we've witnessed a remarkable transformation in gaming technology, with advancements in graphics, sound, storytelling, and gameplay mechanics continuously pushing the boundaries of what's possible in interactive entertainment.</p>
  100. <p>Gamification extends beyond entertainment, infiltrating sectors such as marketing, education, and workplace training with game-inspired elements such as leaderboards, achievements, and rewards systems. By leveraging gamified strategies, businesses enhance user engagement, foster motivation, and drive desired behaviors, harnessing the power of play to achieve tangible goals and outcomes.</p>
  101. <p>Virtual avatars, meticulously crafted extensions of the self, embody players' dreams, fears, and aspirations, allowing for a profound level of self-expression and identity exploration within the vast digital landscapes. Whether customizing the appearance, abilities, or personality traits of their avatars, gamers imbue these virtual representations with elements of their own identity, creating a sense of connection and ownership. The ability to inhabit alternate personas, explore diverse roles, and interact with virtual worlds empowers players to express themselves in ways that transcend the limitations of the physical realm, fostering creativity and empathy in the gaming community.</p>
  102. <p>This paper investigates the use of mobile games and gamification techniques in areas beyond entertainment, such as education, healthcare, and corporate training. It examines how game mechanics are applied to encourage desired behaviors, improve productivity, and enhance learning outcomes. The study also analyzes the effectiveness and challenges of gamification strategies, highlighting case studies from various industries.</p>
  103. <p>The quest for achievements and trophies fuels the drive for mastery, pushing gamers to hone their skills and conquer challenges that once seemed insurmountable. Whether completing 100% of a game's objectives or achieving top rankings in competitive modes, the pursuit of virtual accolades reflects a thirst for excellence and a desire to push boundaries. The sense of accomplishment that comes with unlocking achievements drives players to continually improve and excel in their gaming endeavors.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://743172012604-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://820404885522-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://136661035353-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://654925417458-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://846499613289-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://483928284787-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://228074859509-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://560898737039-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://968336059956-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://342292149239-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://003716702546-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://241137872001-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://226149050331-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://001365980104-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://881082214928-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://933976087213-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://802813201410-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://641134928325-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://023755135317-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://648890954178-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?561403915381&amp;url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?894435200089&amp;url=https://naver894435200089-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?075492349499&amp;url=https://naver075492349499-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?790329419863&amp;url=https://naver790329419863-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?483481499948&amp;url=https://naver483481499948-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?173122091124&amp;url=https://naver173122091124-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?176062301750&amp;url=https://naver176062301750-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?999884701113&amp;url=https://naver999884701113-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?423546053669&amp;url=https://naver423546053669-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?900075064053&amp;url=https://naver900075064053-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?433645088342&amp;url=https://naver433645088342-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?958314315312&amp;url=https://naver958314315312-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?829325668022&amp;url=https://naver829325668022-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-621465760592.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-923555847779.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-246059312568.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-135284487833.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-417195120835.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-877024937456.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-905688030850.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-462456033835.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-238074774243.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-146121268513.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-127400934841.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-219733047660.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-887648050791.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-795289311384.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-689346434199.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-994064243762.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-703831299234-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-877387286693-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-117583764047-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/0659213847" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/8126093745">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/8.jpg" alt="Neural Architecture Search for Energy-Efficient AI in Mobile Games" title="Neural Architecture Search for Energy-Efficient AI in Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-8126093745.gifthub.news/post/8126093745/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/8126093745">Neural Architecture Search for Energy-Efficient AI in Mobile Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study explores the future of cloud gaming in the context of mobile games, focusing on the technical challenges and opportunities presented by mobile game streaming services. The research investigates how cloud gaming technologies, such as edge computing and 5G networks, enable high-quality gaming experiences on mobile devices without the need for powerful hardware. The paper examines the benefits and limitations of cloud gaming for mobile players, including latency issues, bandwidth requirements, and server infrastructure. The study also explores the potential for cloud gaming to democratize access to high-end mobile games, allowing players to experience console-quality titles on budget devices, while addressing concerns related to data privacy, intellectual property, and market fragmentation.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/8126093745" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Neural Architecture Search for Energy-Efficient AI in Mobile Games" title="Neural Architecture Search for Energy-Efficient AI in Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Rebecca Cook</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/3912507684">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/15.jpg" alt="Gamification of Public Health Campaigns: A Case Study of Mobile Interventions" title="Gamification of Public Health Campaigns: A Case Study of Mobile Interventions" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-3912507684.gifthub.news/post/3912507684/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/3912507684">Gamification of Public Health Campaigns: A Case Study of Mobile Interventions</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research examines the application of Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) in mobile game design, particularly in optimizing the balance between game complexity and player capacity for information processing. The study investigates how mobile game developers can use CLT principles to design games that maximize player learning and engagement by minimizing cognitive overload. Drawing on cognitive psychology and game design theory, the paper explores how different types of cognitive load—intrinsic, extraneous, and germane—affect player performance, frustration, and enjoyment. The research also proposes strategies for using game mechanics, tutorials, and difficulty progression to ensure an optimal balance of cognitive load throughout the gameplay experience.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/3912507684" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Gamification of Public Health Campaigns: A Case Study of Mobile Interventions" title="Gamification of Public Health Campaigns: A Case Study of Mobile Interventions" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Michael Davis</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/4971682530">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Energy-Efficient AI Architectures for Computationally Intensive Mobile Games" title="Energy-Efficient AI Architectures for Computationally Intensive Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-4971682530.gifthub.news/post/4971682530/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-02</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/4971682530">Energy-Efficient AI Architectures for Computationally Intensive Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study examines the ethical implications of loot boxes in mobile games, with a particular focus on their psychological impact and potential to foster gambling behavior. It provides a legal analysis of how various jurisdictions have approached the regulation of loot boxes and explores the implications of their inclusion in games targeted at minors. The paper discusses potential reforms and alternatives to loot boxes in the mobile gaming industry.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://research-exnsfl.gifthub.news/post/4971682530" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/1.jpg" alt="Energy-Efficient AI Architectures for Computationally Intensive Mobile Games" title="Energy-Efficient AI Architectures for Computationally Intensive Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Jennifer Lopez</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-02 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda