It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Role of Reciprocity in the Success of Free-to-Play Models #178800143349 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Role of Reciprocity in the Success of Free-to-Play Models" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Role of Reciprocity in the Success of Free-to-Play Models #178800143349 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/17.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T12:16:19Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Amanda Evans" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Role of Reciprocity in the Success of Free-to-Play Models #178800143349 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Amanda Evans",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T12:16:19Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/17.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/178800143349"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "178800143349",
  52.            "abstract": "The Role of Reciprocity in the Success of Free-to-Play Models #178800143349 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Role of Reciprocity in the Success of Free-to-Play Models",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Amanda Evans",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T12:16:19Z",
  58.                "url": "https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="The Role of Reciprocity in the Success of Free-to-Play Models" title="The Role of Reciprocity in the Success of Free-to-Play Models" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Amanda Evans</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Role of Reciprocity in the Success of Free-to-Play Models</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Amanda Evans for contributing the article "The Role of Reciprocity in the Success of Free-to-Play Models".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="The Role of Reciprocity in the Success of Free-to-Play Models" title="The Role of Reciprocity in the Success of Free-to-Play Models" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Gaming's evolution from the pixelated adventures of classic arcade games to the breathtakingly realistic graphics of contemporary consoles has been nothing short of astounding. Each technological leap has not only enhanced visual fidelity but also deepened immersion, blurring the lines between reality and virtuality. The attention to detail in modern games, from lifelike character animations to dynamic environmental effects, creates an immersive sensory experience that captivates players and transports them to fantastical worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  100. <p>This research explores the role of big data and analytics in shaping mobile game development, particularly in optimizing player experience, game mechanics, and monetization strategies. The study examines how game developers collect and analyze data from players, including gameplay behavior, in-app purchases, and social interactions, to make data-driven decisions that improve game design and player engagement. Drawing on data science and game analytics, the paper investigates the ethical considerations of data collection, privacy issues, and the use of player data in decision-making. The research also discusses the potential risks of over-reliance on data-driven design, such as homogenization of game experiences and neglect of creative innovation.</p>
  101. <p>Game streaming platforms like Twitch, YouTube Gaming, and Mixer have revolutionized how gamers consume and interact with gaming content, turning everyday players into content creators, influencers, and entertainers. Livestreamed gameplay, interactive chats, and community engagement redefine the gaming experience, transforming passive consumption into dynamic, participatory entertainment.</p>
  102. <p>Gaming culture has evolved into a vibrant and interconnected community where players from diverse backgrounds and cultures converge. They share strategies, forge lasting alliances, and engage in friendly competition, turning virtual friendships into real-world connections that span continents. This global network of gamers not only celebrates shared interests and passions but also fosters a sense of unity and belonging in a world that can often feel fragmented. From online forums and social media groups to live gaming events and conventions, the camaraderie and mutual respect among gamers continue to strengthen the bonds that unite this dynamic community.</p>
  103. <p>This paper analyzes the economic contributions of the mobile gaming industry to local economies, including job creation, revenue generation, and the development of related sectors such as tourism and retail. It provides case studies from various regions to illustrate these impacts.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://377332358371-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://361120508754-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://387843370013-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://348175312535-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://595460808682-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://910011355263-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://804057517063-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://143911202214-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://359876167662-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://424130444835-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://956277612690-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://316083325748-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://792276872490-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://261531663371-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://604189058386-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://964114140393-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://460797958376-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://382110816328-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://742772128198-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://984821450771-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?762495269547&amp;url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?759679467840&amp;url=https://naver759679467840-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?096064241490&amp;url=https://naver096064241490-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?927971657624&amp;url=https://naver927971657624-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?561356365062&amp;url=https://naver561356365062-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?487536639326&amp;url=https://naver487536639326-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?592254611746&amp;url=https://naver592254611746-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?482989238092&amp;url=https://naver482989238092-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?765698358574&amp;url=https://naver765698358574-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?945029768066&amp;url=https://naver945029768066-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?090899176636&amp;url=https://naver090899176636-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?561319713226&amp;url=https://naver561319713226-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?293099799889&amp;url=https://naver293099799889-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-706479026157.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-039461190490.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-470459339976.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-878494207144.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-363313350495.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-339226814663.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-183808335676.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-912952585507.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-288654063454.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-288755346642.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-800361080955.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-452898227092.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-637392582618.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-717712357637.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-569268532372.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-520891763444.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-680343199026-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-980117460549-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-726161629664-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/6309184725" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/8536724091">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" title="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-8536724091.gifthub.news/post/8536724091/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/8536724091">Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This study analyzes the growth of mobile game streaming services and their impact on the mobile gaming market. It explores how cloud gaming platforms, such as Google Stadia and Microsoft’s Project xCloud, allow players to access high-quality games on low-powered devices. The paper evaluates the technical challenges of latency, bandwidth, and device compatibility, as well as the potential of mobile game streaming to democratize access to games globally.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/8536724091" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/5.jpg" alt="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" title="Ethical Considerations in Depicting Sensitive Cultural Narratives in Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Martha Perry</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/4195673280">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/2.jpg" alt="Exploring Neuroevolution Techniques for Autonomous Agent Development in Games" title="Exploring Neuroevolution Techniques for Autonomous Agent Development in Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-4195673280.gifthub.news/post/4195673280/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/4195673280">Exploring Neuroevolution Techniques for Autonomous Agent Development in Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This study explores the use of mobile games as tools for political activism and social movements, focusing on how game mechanics can raise awareness about social, environmental, and political issues. By analyzing games that tackle topics such as climate change, racial justice, and gender equality, the paper investigates how game designers incorporate messages of activism into gameplay, narrative structures, and player decisions. The research also examines the potential for mobile games to inspire real-world action, fostering solidarity and collective mobilization through interactive digital experiences. The study offers a critical evaluation of the ethical implications of gamifying serious social issues, particularly in relation to authenticity, message dilution, and exploitation.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/4195673280" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/9.jpg" alt="Exploring Neuroevolution Techniques for Autonomous Agent Development in Games" title="Exploring Neuroevolution Techniques for Autonomous Agent Development in Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Ronald Parker</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/1596047283">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/16.jpg" alt="AI-Driven Procedural Level Generation: A New Era for Mobile Games" title="AI-Driven Procedural Level Generation: A New Era for Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-1596047283.gifthub.news/post/1596047283/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/1596047283">AI-Driven Procedural Level Generation: A New Era for Mobile Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This study explores the role of player customization in mobile games, focusing on how avatar and character customization can influence player identity, self-expression, and engagement. The research examines how customizing characters, outfits, and other in-game features enables players to create personalized experiences that reflect their preferences and identities. Drawing on social identity theory and self-concept research, the paper investigates how customization fosters emotional attachment to the game, as well as its impact on player behavior, such as social interaction and competition. The study also explores the commercial implications of offering customizable in-game items, including microtransactions and virtual economies.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://research-n9kyow.gifthub.news/post/1596047283" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="AI-Driven Procedural Level Generation: A New Era for Mobile Games" title="AI-Driven Procedural Level Generation: A New Era for Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Jerry Fisher</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda