It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Bayesian Inference in Reinforcement Learning for Robust Strategy Adaptation #451302489862 (2025-02-10)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.gifthub.news/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Bayesian Inference in Reinforcement Learning for Robust Strategy Adaptation" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Bayesian Inference in Reinforcement Learning for Robust Strategy Adaptation #451302489862 (2025-02-10)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="gifthub.news" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/9.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-10T11:25:30Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Ruth Wood" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="gifthub.news" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Bayesian Inference in Reinforcement Learning for Robust Strategy Adaptation #451302489862 (2025-02-10)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Ruth Wood",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "gifthub.news"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-10T11:25:30Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/9.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/451302489862"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "gifthub.news",
  49.                "url": "https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "451302489862",
  52.            "abstract": "Bayesian Inference in Reinforcement Learning for Robust Strategy Adaptation #451302489862 (2025-02-10)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Bayesian Inference in Reinforcement Learning for Robust Strategy Adaptation",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Ruth Wood",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-10T11:25:30Z",
  58.                "url": "https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">gifthub.news</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Bayesian Inference in Reinforcement Learning for Robust Strategy Adaptation" title="Bayesian Inference in Reinforcement Learning for Robust Strategy Adaptation" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Ruth Wood</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-10</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Bayesian Inference in Reinforcement Learning for Robust Strategy Adaptation</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Ruth Wood for contributing the article "Bayesian Inference in Reinforcement Learning for Robust Strategy Adaptation".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Bayesian Inference in Reinforcement Learning for Robust Strategy Adaptation" title="Bayesian Inference in Reinforcement Learning for Robust Strategy Adaptation" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>This study investigates the privacy and data security issues associated with mobile gaming, focusing on data collection practices, user consent, and potential vulnerabilities. It proposes strategies for enhancing data protection and ensuring user privacy.</p>
  100. <p>Gaming has become a universal language, transcending geographical boundaries and language barriers. It allows players from all walks of life to connect, communicate, and collaborate through shared experiences, fostering friendships that span the globe. The rise of online multiplayer gaming has further strengthened these connections, enabling players to form communities, join guilds, and participate in global events, creating a sense of camaraderie and belonging in a digital world.</p>
  101. <p>Virtual reality transports players to alternate dimensions, blurring the lines between reality and fiction, and offering glimpses of futuristic realms yet to be explored. Through immersive simulations and interactive experiences, VR technology revolutionizes gaming, providing unprecedented levels of immersion and engagement. From virtual adventures in space to realistic simulations of historical events, VR opens doors to limitless possibilities, inviting players to step into worlds beyond imagination.</p>
  102. <p>This study investigates the potential of blockchain technology to decentralize mobile gaming, offering new opportunities for player empowerment and developer autonomy. By leveraging smart contracts, decentralized finance (DeFi), and non-fungible tokens (NFTs), blockchain could allow players to truly own in-game assets, trade them across platforms, and participate in decentralized governance of games. The paper examines the technological challenges, economic opportunities, and legal implications of blockchain integration in mobile gaming ecosystems. It also considers the ethical concerns regarding virtual asset ownership and the potential for blockchain to disrupt existing monetization models.</p>
  103. <p>This study applies social psychology theories to understand how group identity and collective behavior are formed and manifested within multiplayer mobile games. The research investigates the ways in which players form alliances, establish group norms, and engage in cooperative or competitive behaviors. By analyzing case studies of popular multiplayer mobile games, the paper explores the role of ingroups and outgroups, social influence, and group polarization within game environments. It also examines the psychological effects of online social interaction in gaming communities, discussing how mobile games foster both prosocial behavior and toxic interactions within groups.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://951888013836-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://915923439775-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://254565361459-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://250533135728-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://061938564011-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://648793619773-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://196769575679-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://526028183062-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://433311720407-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://354921974587-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://396692935377-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://459590225728-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://916374003673-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://977505240200-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://222704596133-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://544912309159-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://774794717098-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://557271535026-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://367282250730-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://212911777594-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?657260996624&amp;url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?949923944236&amp;url=https://naver949923944236-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?313073539265&amp;url=https://naver313073539265-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?255927312314&amp;url=https://naver255927312314-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?718132774171&amp;url=https://naver718132774171-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?435451987479&amp;url=https://naver435451987479-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?210441923736&amp;url=https://naver210441923736-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?013421574110&amp;url=https://naver013421574110-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?218065986021&amp;url=https://naver218065986021-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?213596108540&amp;url=https://naver213596108540-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?607119140947&amp;url=https://naver607119140947-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?545148370620&amp;url=https://naver545148370620-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?340195265077&amp;url=https://naver340195265077-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-982087731356.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-183156180200.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-726324022321.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-105230958363.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-982903076608.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-011354564098.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-083910318519.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-917588480525.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-972471280672.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-603565556204.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-153105603951.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-189147417864.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-329940455776.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-347732840865.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-506383725610.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-766333977640.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-924911561190-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-572044110744-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-141816908490-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7146802935" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/4719605832">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Esports Athletes" title="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Esports Athletes" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-4719605832.gifthub.news/post/4719605832/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-10</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/4719605832">Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Esports Athletes</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research investigates how machine learning (ML) algorithms are used in mobile games to predict player behavior and improve game design. The study examines how game developers utilize data from players’ actions, preferences, and progress to create more personalized and engaging experiences. Drawing on predictive analytics and reinforcement learning, the paper explores how AI can optimize game content, such as dynamically adjusting difficulty levels, rewards, and narratives based on player interactions. The research also evaluates the ethical considerations surrounding data collection, privacy concerns, and algorithmic fairness in the context of player behavior prediction, offering recommendations for responsible use of AI in mobile games.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/4719605832" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Esports Athletes" title="Temporal Dynamics of Skill Acquisition in Esports Athletes" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Ryan Morgan</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-10 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/9805316742">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/3.jpg" alt="Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities" title="Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-9805316742.gifthub.news/post/9805316742/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-10</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/9805316742">Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research investigates the potential of mobile games as tools for political engagement and civic education, focusing on how game mechanics can be used to teach democratic values, political participation, and social activism. The study compares gamified civic education games across different cultures and political systems, analyzing their effectiveness in fostering political literacy, voter participation, and civic responsibility. By applying frameworks from political science and education theory, the paper assesses the impact of mobile games on shaping young people's political beliefs and behaviors, while also examining the ethical implications of using games for political socialization.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/9805316742" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/7.jpg" alt="Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities" title="Analyzing the Role of Social Ties in Sustaining Player Communities" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Daniel Hall</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-10 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7865902143">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/post/9.jpg" alt="Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games" title="Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-7865902143.gifthub.news/post/7865902143/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-10</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7865902143">Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This research explores how storytelling elements in mobile games influence player engagement and emotional investment. It examines the psychological mechanisms that make narrative-driven games compelling, focusing on immersion, empathy, and character development. The study also assesses how mobile game developers can use narrative structures to enhance long-term player retention and satisfaction.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://research-tc7bio.gifthub.news/post/7865902143" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/user/11.jpg" alt="Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games" title="Challenges in Designing Cross-Platform Mixed Reality Games" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Gloria Bryant</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-10 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.gifthub.news/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda