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Source: https://skepticalscience.com/feed.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
2. <rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
3.  <channel>
4.   <title>Skeptical Science</title>
5.   <description>Examining the science of global warming skepticism, clearing up the misconceptions and misleading arguments that populate the climate change debate.</description>
6.   <link>https://skepticalscience.com/</link>
7. <atom:link href="https://skepticalscience.com/feed.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
8. <item>
9. <title>Water is at the heart of farmers’ struggle to survive in Benin</title>
10. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;This is a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2024/04/water-is-at-the-heart-of-farmers-struggle-to-survive-in-benin/"&gt;re-post from Yale Climate Connections by Megan Val&amp;eacute;re Sosou&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
11. <p><img class="attachment-newspack-featured-image size-newspack-featured-image wp-post-image" src="https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Screenshot-2024-04-19-at-1.24.34-PM.png?fit=1164%2C870&ssl=1" alt="A photo of rows of plants that are climbing up stakes in the ground." width="550" height="411" data-hero-candidate="1" /><em>Market gardening site of the Itchèléré de Itagui agricultural cooperative in Dassa-Zoumè (Image credit: Megan Valère Sossou)</em></p>
12. <div class="entry-content">
13. <p class="has-drop-cap has-text-align-justify">For the residents of Dassa-Zoumè, a city in the West African country of Benin, choosing between drinking water and having enough food has become a worrying dilemma.</p>
14. <p class="has-text-align-justify">“Last year, our horticultural production plummeted due to water scarcity,” said Chantal Agbangla, a farmer residing in Soclogbo, a town located about 30 minutes by car from the capital of Dassa-Zoumé. “We had to travel nine kilometers to find water, mainly for our agricultural and domestic needs.”</p>
15. <p class="has-text-align-justify">Family farming, a pillar of the economy in Dassa-Zoumè, is more threatened than ever by climate change. Small-scale farms cover only about 2% of cultivable land in the area of Dassa-Zoumé, and their very survival seems threatened because water has become an increasingly precious commodity. Residents can no longer rely on the rainy season, as the irregularity of precipitation has made it an unreliable water source. Instead, they have embraced agroecological horticulture as a contingency plan against climate change. Agroecology emphasizes <a href="https://www.actioncontrelafaim.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/3.-Water-management-in-agroecology-VF.pdf">sustainable farming practices</a> that prioritize water retention in the soil, making this type of farming more resistant to drought.</p>
16. <!--more-->
17. <h4 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-justify"><span>How climate change is affecting Benin</span></h4>
18. <p class="has-text-align-justify">Benin is already facing climate change impacts like long periods of drought followed by intense downpours resulting in flooding. Despite its marginal contribution to heat-trapping greenhouse gas emissions, representing only 0.05% of the global total, Benin is among the nations <a href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/benin/publication/benin-country-climate-and-development-report">most vulnerable</a> to climate change.</p>
19. <p class="has-text-align-justify">“The commune of Dassa experiences extreme rainfall variability, exacerbated by climate change.” Said Romanic OGOUWALE, a professor and researcher in geography specializing in climatology at the University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin’s principal public university. “A situation aggravated by rising temperatures and decreasing water resources in recent times.”</p>
20. <p class="has-text-align-justify">In 2010, the country experienced severe flooding that affected crop production. In response to these challenges, the Beninese government is actively engaged in the implementation of strategies to reduce the country’s contribution to climate change and adapt to its effects, including providing farmers with short-cycle crop seeds that can be harvested every two months like corn, soy, peanuts, beans.</p>
21. <h4 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-justify">How women are responding</h4>
22. <p class="has-text-align-justify">In Benin, women are increasingly involved in the creation of agricultural cooperatives to promote empowerment and engagement, as women play a crucial role in the agricultural sector. Like other regions of the country, in Dassa-Zoumè, several women’s agricultural cooperatives offer help to local farmers, such as the Itchèléré agricultural cooperative in Dassa.</p>
23. <p class="has-text-align-justify">“Even traditionally humid areas now suffer from drought,” said Yves GBEDJI from the Itchéléré agricultural cooperative in Dassa-Zoumè. “We must seek alternative water sources, sometimes traveling long distances to obtain it.” The LIFO and Olodjo rivers can supply water, but they are more than five kilometers away from these rural populations, making them difficult to access, especially without transport.</p>
24. <p class="has-text-align-justify">Women are often faced with the dilemma of having to choose between using water for household chores such as washing dishes and laundry, or for irrigating their vegetable crops.</p>
25. <p class="has-text-align-justify">“At times, we are forced to use water intended for our domestic needs to irrigate our horticultural crops, leading to conflicts within households,” said Chantal Agbangla.</p>
26. <p class="has-text-align-justify">“The commune of Dassa experiences extreme rainfall variability, exacerbated by climate change.</p>
27. <p class="has-text-align-justify">A situation aggravated by rising temperatures and decreasing water resources in recent times.”</p>
28. <p class="has-text-align-justify">Joséphine KOBA is one of the many women turning to horticulture. She is in her forties, a mother of five children and is involved in the Itchèléré de Itagui agricultural cooperative in Dassa-Zoumè. She is a trainer at the cooperative on the production of compost from agricultural waste. “With the instability of the rainy season, we opted for horticulture to provide food year-round, especially in the dry season,” she said. “We grow tomatoes, peppers, vegetables, okra, and many other essential products.”</p>
29. <p class="has-text-align-justify">Before agroecological practices were implemented, most crops were produced with chemical fertilizers. Now, locally made compost feeds these crops. However, access to water remains a major obstacle, especially in areas where the granite rock bed makes well construction difficult.</p>
30. <h4 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-justify"><span>Building wells</span></h4>
31. <p class="has-text-align-justify">Several projects and programs have been launched to help these vulnerable populations of Dassa Zoumè, particularly young people and women of Soclogbo, better cope with climate change. One recent project enabled farmers to install wells for irrigation, said Yves GBEDJI, a 30-year-old local farmer. The well program is funded by the Dutch Embassy in Benin. It aims to improve the food and nutritional security of rural populations through increasing agricultural productivity and increasing income.</p>
32. <p class="has-text-align-justify">“As for the Benkadi project, it trained us in sustainable techniques such as reforestation, building ditches, and rational water resource management,” said GBEDJI. The Benkadi project is led by a consortium of civil society organizations grouped in four different West African countries including Benin, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, and Mali with a Dutch partner, Woord end Daad. This project aims to strengthen the resilience and adaptation of local populations in the face of climate change.</p>
33. <h4 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-justify"><span>What’s next?</span></h4>
34. <p class="has-text-align-justify">This quest for water affects vulnerable individuals in rural communities of Dassa-Zoumè, notably children, women, people with disabilities, and young people.</p>
35. <p class="has-text-align-justify">For Marie Odile HOUNTONDJI, gender and social inclusion expert with the Benkadi project of <a href="https://pascibenin.org/plaidoyer/pascib-engagement-mission-et-objectifs/">the Civil Society Actors Platform in Benin</a>, more vulnerable individuals should be involved in the conversations about how to face this problem. The objective, she said, is to achieve inclusive efforts to reduce the effects of climate change, especially in agriculture.</p>
36. <p class="has-text-align-justify">As the residents of Dassa-Zoumè struggle daily to access water, vital for their survival and that of their crops, one truth remains evident: In the face of the urgency posed by climate change, their resilience and determination stand as their most valuable assets.</p>
37. &lt;/div&gt;</description>
38. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/water-farmers-struggle-benin.html</link>
39. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/water-farmers-struggle-benin.html</guid>
40. <pubDate>Wed, 24 Apr 2024 15:33:10 EST</pubDate>
41. </item>  <item>
42. <title>India makes a big bet on electric buses</title>
43. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;This is a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2024/04/india-makes-a-big-bet-on-electric-buses/"&gt;re-post from Yale Climate Connections by Sarah Spengeman&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
44. <p><img class="attachment-newspack-featured-image size-newspack-featured-image wp-post-image" src="https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/424-india-electric-bus.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1" alt="A group of people waiting by the side of a road as a bus pulls up" width="550" height="367" data-hero-candidate="1" /><em>People wait to board an electric bus in Pune, India. (Image credit: courtesy of ITDP)</em></p>
45. <div class="main-content">
46. <div class="entry-content">
47. <p class="has-drop-cap">Public transportation riders in Pune, India, love the city’s new electric buses so much they will actually skip an older diesel bus that arrives earlier to wait for a smoother, cooler ride in a new model. This has fed a new problem: overcrowding. Fortunately, more new buses are on the way.</p>
48. <p>Last fall, India’s Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs launched a <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-08-16/india-approves-7-billion-plan-to-electrify-public-transport">$7 billion initiative</a> to support 10,000 new electric buses in 169 Indian cities. The <a href="https://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/PM-eBus-Sewa-Guidelines-Part-I.pdf">PM-eBus Sewa</a> program prioritizes small to medium-sized cities of up to 4 million people, particularly those now lacking organized bus service. India hopes this will make public transport — not private vehicles — integral to sustainable urban growth and city culture in the country that last year <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/publication/un-desa-policy-brief-no-153-india-overtakes-china-as-the-worlds-most-populous-country/">overtook China</a> to become the world’s most populous nation.</p>
49. <p>India’s burgeoning cities are expected to be home to an estimated <a href="https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/understanding-indias-urban-future#:~:text=Through%20natural%20growth%2C%20urban%20migration,with%20less%20than%20500%2C000%20people.">416 million more people by</a> <a href="https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/understanding-indias-urban-future#:~:text=Through%20natural%20growth%2C%20urban%20migration,with%20less%20than%20500%2C000%20people.">2050</a> — the largest urban increase in the world. Massive growth could worsen both traffic congestion and air quality in a country that already has <a href="https://www.iqair.com/us/world-most-polluted-cities">nine of the 10</a> most polluted cities on the planet and ranks <a href="https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Global_health_impacts_transport_emissions_2010-2015_20190226.pdf">second</a> in deaths related to transportation pollution.</p>
50. <p>But more traffic and pollution is not inevitable, since India has yet to build <a href="https://www.urbanet.info/urbanisation-in-india-infographics/">70 to 80%</a> of city infrastructure that will be needed by 2050. The government initiative aims to make clean, electrified public transportation the norm.</p>
51. <p>PM-eBus Sewa (Sewa means “service” in Hindi) will also invest in infrastructure like bus depots, interchange facilities, advanced fare collection systems, and fleet charging facilities. New, holistic transport systems in these rapidly developing cities will also create economic opportunities, giving all residents access to affordable, reliable transportation to travel to work or school.</p>
52. <p>Electric buses require a larger upfront investment even though they are cheaper than diesel buses over their lifetimes due to lower fuel and maintenance costs. Therefore, PM-eBus Sewa will focus on smaller cities with fewer financial resources. It also will use an innovative funding mechanism called a <a href="https://www.itdp.in/an-analysis-of-e-bus-procurement-in-india/">gross cost contract</a> model, which has already succeeded in several Indian cities. The local transportation authority contracts with a private company that owns the bus, often the manufacturer, to operate the bus and handle maintenance, charging, and staffing over a set time period. This allows cities to pay for buses over a longer term rather than all at once.</p>
53. <p>“India’s cities do want to run bus services but do not have funds for sustained bus operations,” explained Surendra Kumar Bagde, additional secretary, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs at the International Council on Clean Transportation’s <a href="https://theicct.org/event/india-clean-transportation-summit-aug23/">Clean Transport Summit</a> in New Delhi last August. “PM-ebus Sewa gives this sustained bus operations support.”</p>
54. <!--more-->
55. <h4 class="wp-block-heading"><span>Public health benefits of electric buses</span></h4>
56. <p>In India, transportation is the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29620-x">third-largest source</a> of emissions, after power generation and industry. The transition to electric vehicles will cut planet-heating emissions, but this alone will not achieve the country’s climate goals. <a href="https://www.itdp.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/CCSE-Roadmaps_India-FF.pdf">Recent research</a> from the nonprofit Institute for Transportation and Development Policy finds that India must shift 50% of projected travel to public transportation, walking, and biking by 2050 to cut transportation emissions in line with the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Electrifying buses focuses government investments on shared transport, supporting compact cities that put people’s needs ahead of cars. Experts at the International Council on Clean Transportation India provided <a href="https://theicct.org/publication/testing-the-pollutant-emissions-and-fuel-efficiency-of-a-commercial-bus-in-india/">analysis</a> demonstrating that electric buses also will improve air quality, which should cut respiratory problems and benefit public health.</p>
57. <p>In the fall of 2021 and spring of 2022, the International Council on Clean Transportation also conducted a <a href="https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Maharashtra-e-buses_FINAL.pdf">survey</a> in three cities — Mumbai, Pune, and Navi Mumbai — that were early adopters of electric buses in the western state of Maharashtra. Mumbai’s first six electric buses hit the roads in 2017 and then an additional 40 in 2019. Pune was able to start with 150 in 2019, using <a href="https://smartcities.gov.in/">Smart Cities Mission</a> funds, a national program to support sustainable development. And Navi Mumbai also started its e-bus service with 150 e-buses in 2019.</p>
58. <p>In conversations with 21 individuals, representing transit authorities, depot managers, and bus operators, the researchers heard overwhelming support for electric buses, citing multiple benefits over fossil-fueled buses. Transit authorities reported that electric buses required less maintenance time while being just as reliable as other buses. Santosh Patil, a driver from Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation, <a href="https://theicct.org/electric-buses-improving-operations-aug22/">said</a> driving the e-bus is much less stressful because it doesn’t require frequent gear shifting in heavy traffic and is easier on the knees and back. He pointed out the e-bus is also free from the vibration, noise, and heat generated by fossil-fueled buses.</p>
59. <p>As for passengers, in April 2022, the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy conducted a <a href="https://www.itdp.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Guidance-for-e-Bus-Rollout-in-Indian-Cities.pdf">survey</a> in Pune, finding that 78% preferred to ride electric buses over their fossil-fueled counterparts. The survey found riders prefer the smoother, less-noisy ride as well as the air-conditioning. Buses in Pune also operate on a bus rapid transit system, which provides buses with dedicated lanes and other features that make bus travel faster and easier than car travel — key to making public transport the default choice.</p>
60. <h4 class="wp-block-heading"><span>Big bus ambitions</span></h4>
61. <p>In 2015, there were only <a href="https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Maharashtra-e-buses_FINAL.pdf">three electric buses</a> registered in India. Now there are <a href="https://vahan.parivahan.gov.in/vahan4dashboard/vahan/vahan/view/reportview.xhtml">7,757</a>. Maharashtra state accounted for about 25% of e-buses operated in India as of February 2024 and is in the process of procuring 5,150 e-buses — the second-largest e-bus tender in the country.</p>
62. <p>After announcing the PM-eBus Sewa policy, the national government set a goal of <a href="https://www.energymonitor.ai/news/signal-indias-plan-for-50000-electric-buses-gets-us-support/?cf-view">50,000</a> new electric buses deployed by 2027.</p>
63. <p>“India is undergoing a remarkable transition to electric mobility in public transport,” said Vaishali Singh, who leads the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy’s bus electrification work in India, in an email. “But the real challenge lies ahead,” she noted. Transit authorities must rethink bus system planning and operations to account for charging needs, changes to maintenance, and worker training.</p>
64. <p>Another challenge: India has more than <a href="https://www.itdp.in/accelerating-electrification-of-private-buses/">2 million private buses</a>, including charter buses for tourists. Late last year, Indian media <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/govt-charts-plan-to-paint-800k-diesel-buses-green-scheme-likely-to-replace-fame-iii/articleshow/106362319.cms?from=mdr">reported</a> that the government plans to replace 800,000 diesel buses with electric ones over the next seven years through the next phase of its electrification subsidy. The plan calls for 550,000 new private e-buses, 200,000 e-buses for public transport, and 50,000 for schools.</p>
65. <p>If achieved, that would make India an undisputed leader in e-bus deployment and drive major growth of its domestic electric vehicle manufacturing. If this happens, by 2050, India may no longer be considered a “developing” country, but a global example of sustainable development with clean air, livable cities.</p>
66. <p><em>Sarah Spengeman is communications deputy director at the <a href="https://cruxalliance.org/">Crux Alliance</a>, which was established in 2018 to support the rapid implementation of ambitious, cutting-edge climate policies.</em></p>
67. </div>
68. &lt;/div&gt;</description>
69. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/india-electric-buses.html</link>
70. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/india-electric-buses.html</guid>
71. <pubDate>Mon, 22 Apr 2024 15:37:03 EST</pubDate>
72. </item>  <item>
73. <title>2024 SkS Weekly Climate Change &amp; Global Warming News Roundup #16</title>
74. <description>&lt;div class="greenbox" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A listing of 29 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, April 14, 2024 thru Sat, April 20, 2024.&lt;/div&gt;
75. <hr />
76. <h3>Story of the week<img class="figureright zoomable" src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/Bloomberg__Nature_Kotz_et_al.png" alt="Bloomberg headline, Nature Kotz et al. 2024" width="260" height="185" /></h3>
77. <p>Our story of the week hinges on these words from the abstract of a <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07219-0" target="_blank">fresh academic publication</a>:</p>
78. <blockquote>
79. <p><em>Here we use recent empirical findings from more than 1,600 regions worldwide over the past 40 years to project sub-national damages from temperature and precipitation, including daily variability and extremes<a id="ref-link-section-d148688347e432" title="Kotz, M., Wenz, L., Stechemesser, A., Kalkuhl, M. & Levermann, A. Day-to-day temperature variability reduces economic growth. Nat. Clim. Change 11, 319–325 (2021)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07219-0#ref-CR7" data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref">7</a>,<a id="ref-link-section-d148688347e435" title="Kotz, M., Levermann, A. & Wenz, L. The effect of rainfall changes on economic production. Nature 601, 223–227 (2022)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07219-0#ref-CR8" data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref">8</a>. Using an empirical approach that provides a robust lower bound on the persistence of impacts on economic growth, we find that the world economy is committed to an income reduction of 19% within the next 26 years independent of future emission choices (relative to a baseline without climate impacts, likely range of 11–29% accounting for physical climate and empirical uncertainty). These damages already outweigh the mitigation costs required to limit global warming to 2 °C by sixfold over this near-term time frame and thereafter diverge strongly dependent on emission choices.</em></p>
80. </blockquote>
81. <p>That dry language and the arc of the authors' research findings unpacks as evidence-based headlines:</p>
82. <ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
83. <li><strong><a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/climate-change-damage-could-cost-38-trillion-per-year-by-2050-study-finds-2024-04-17/" target="_blank">Climate change damage could cost $38 trillion per year by 2050, study finds</a></strong></li>
84. <li><strong><a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/climate-change-damage-could-cost-38-trillion-per-year-by-2050-study-finds-2024-04-17/" target="_blank">The Big Climate Costs That Lie Just Below the Surface</a></strong></li>
85. <li><strong><a href="https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-damage-economy-income-costly-3e21addee3fe328f38b771645e237ff9" target="_blank">New study calculates climate change’s economic bite will hit about $38 trillion a year by 2049</a></strong></li>
86. <li><strong><a href="https://billmckibben.substack.com/p/is-38-trillion-a-lot" target="_blank">Is $38 trillion a lot?</a></strong></li>
87. <li><strong><a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/180834/38-trillion-climate-world-bank" target="_blank">Climate Change Will Cost $38 Trillion a Year. Who Will Pay for It?</a></strong></li>
88. <li><strong><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/04/20/global-heating-will-cost-the-world-economy-38-trillion-a-year/" target="_blank">Global <span id="skstip39" class="skstip beginner disabled">Heating</span> Will Cost The World Economy $38 Trillion - A Year!</a></strong></li>
89. </ul>
90. <p>The paper's results will be refined, inevitably. With passing time the empirical, already-experienced evidence the paper relies upon to establish its projections will increasingly include measurable economic impact.  Meanwhile other researchers will doubtless be inspired to improve on this effort, "w<em>hat if the authors are incorrect?"</em> being a reasonable question to ask. Equally it's reasonable to ask <em>"how wrong can they be?"</em> Even supposing that the unfolding truth reveals the authors have delivered a 50% overshoot, 19 trillion dollars is not a trivial amount of economic opportunity to lose. Our ultimate truth may also include underestimation. For the time being, Stanford University's <a href="https://sustainability.stanford.edu/people/marshall-burke" target="_blank">Marshall Burke</a> may have the <a href="https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-damage-economy-income-costly-3e21addee3fe328f38b771645e237ff9" target="_blank">best assessment</a> of this paper, for guiding our path forward: <em>"I wouldn’t put a ton of weight on their specific numerical estimates, but I think the big picture is basically right." </em>Marshall seems suitably cautious; when starting at<em> </em>$38T/year, plus or minus a lot still ends up as a big deal. The big picture includes that we have other urgent needs for funds on this scale and can't afford accidental (or intentional) wasted opportunity costs of this magnitude. Procrastination on dealing with our climate problem loses us important options. </p>
91. <h3>Stories we promoted this week, by publication date:</h3>
92. <p><strong>Before April 14<br /></strong></p>
93. <ul>
94. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/12/shell-says-it-lobbies-for-energy-transition-during-climate-ruling-appeal" target="_blank">Shell says it `lobbies for energy transition` during climate ruling appeal</a></strong>, The Guardian, Ajit Niranjan. <em>Company is fighting Dutch court ruling that says it must emit 45% less CO2 by 2030 than in 2019</em></li>
95. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/apr/13/climate-crisis-protest-activism-repression" target="_blank">Jail for holding a placard? Protest over the climate crisis is being brutally suppressed | Natasha Walter</a></strong>, The Guardian, Natasha Walter. <em>The legal repression of activism has been fast and frightening, yet it won’t make protesters disappear and only sows division</em></li>
96. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://science.feedback.org/review/review-climate-the-movie-the-cold-truth-reveals-numerous-well-known-misinformation-talking-points-inaccuracies/" target="_blank">Review of Climate: The Movie (The Cold Truth) reveals numerous, well-known misinformation talking points and inaccuracies</a></strong>, Science Feedback, Darrik Burns (Editor). <em></em></li>
97. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.eenews.net/articles/trump-allies-target-noaa-climate-research/" target="_blank">Trump allies target NOAA climate research</a></strong>, E&E News, Scott Waldmann. <em>A planning document for a second Trump administration also recommends the National Weather Service commercialize its forecasting operations.</em></li>
98. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/04/brazils-cattle-industry-could-suffer-major-losses-without-climate-policies-report-says/" target="_blank">Brazil’s cattle industry could suffer major losses without climate policies, report says</a></strong>, Mongabay, Maxwell Radwin. <em></em></li>
99. </ul>
100. <!--more-->
101. <p><strong>April 14</strong></p>
102. <ul>
103. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/2024-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_15.html" target="_blank">2024 SkS Weekly Climate Change & Global Warming News Roundup #15</a></strong>, Skeptical Science, Bärbel Winkler, Doug Bostrom & John Hartz. <em>A list of 31 news and opinion articles we shared during the week</em></li>
104. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/14/climate-disinformation-explainer" target="_blank">How to spot five of the fossil fuel industry`s biggest disinformation tactics</a></strong>, The Guardian, Amy Westervelt and Kyle Pope. <em>Amy Westervelt and Kyle Pope have covered climate disinformation for a combined 20-plus years – here’s their guide on how to decode it</em></li>
105. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/14/grownup-leaders-are-pushing-us-towards-catastrophe-says-former-us-climate-chief" target="_blank">‘Grownup’ leaders are pushing us towards catastrophe, says former US climate chief</a></strong>, Environment, Thje Observer/The Guardian, Fiona Harvey. <em>"Paris agreement negotiator Todd Stern attacks premiers who say that decarbonisation programmes are unrealistic and should be slowed down." </em></li>
106. </ul>
107. <ul>
108. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/11/great-barrier-reef-severe-coral-bleaching-impact" target="_blank">Great Barrier Reef suffering ‘most severe’ coral bleaching on record as footage shows damage 18 metres down</a></strong>, Environment, The Guardian, Sharlotte Thou & Adam Morton. <em>"Marine researcher ‘devastated’ by widespread event that is affecting coral species usually resistant to bleaching"</em></li>
109. </ul>
110. <p><strong>April 15</strong></p>
111. <ul>
112. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/15/great-barrier-reef-coral-bleaching-global-heating" target="_blank">Global heating pushes coral reefs towards worst planet-wide mass bleaching on record</a></strong>, The Guardian, Graham Readfearn. <em>The percentage of reef areas experiencing bleaching-level heat stress is increasing by about 1% a week, scientists say</em></li>
113. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/climate-change-bait-and-switch-threatens-sharks-and-rays/" target="_blank">Climate change `bait and switch` threatens sharks and rays</a></strong>, Carbon Brief, Giuliana Viglione. <em>Cold-blooded sea creatures seeking refuge from warming ocean waters may find themselves at increasing risk of deadly cold shocks due to changes in ocean currents, new research warns. </em></li>
114. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/15042024/climate-change-wildfire-risk-prescribed-burns-texas-panhandle/" target="_blank">As Climate Change Intensifies Wildfire Risk, Prescribed Burns Prove Their Worth in the Heat-Stressed Plains of the Texas Panhandle</a></strong>, Inside Climate News, Keaton Peters. <em>In a small Texas city, officials say land previously treated with a prescribed burn stopped the Windy Deuce Fire from entering neighborhoods. But the practice of intentionally burning excess vegetation has faced opposition from some private landowners.</em></li>
115. </ul>
116. <p><strong>April 16</strong></p>
117. <ul>
118. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://grist.org/science/world-4th-coral-bleaching-event-official-climate/" target="_blank">The world`s 4th coral bleaching event has officially arrived</a></strong>, Grist, Sachi Kitajima Mulkey. <em>Scientists say it's shaping up to be the worst one yet.</em></li>
119. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.eenews.net/articles/epa-to-release-multiple-power-sector-rules-next-week/" target="_blank">EPA to release multiple power sector rules next week</a></strong>, E&E News, Jean Chemnick . <em>"Up to four regulations would cover a variety of pollutants including carbon dioxide."</em></li>
120. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://youtu.be/c7xxE45ZeY8" target="_blank">The climate lies you'll hear this year</a></strong>, Youtube, Simon Clark. <em>This year you will be lied to! Let me help prebunk some misleading statements you'll hear about climate. </em></li>
121. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://thenarwhal.ca/alberta-drought-water-supply/" target="_blank">A parched place: the Alberta drought crisis is bigger than one summer</a></strong>, The Narwhal, Drew Anderson. <em>"The province says it will soon release its emergency response plan and details on how water will be shared as it runs dry. But Alberta has been outspending the water supply for decades."</em></li>
122. </ul>
123. <p><strong>April 17</strong></p>
124. <ul>
125. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2024/04/climate-change-likely-killed-tens-of-thousands-of-people-in-2023/" target="_blank">Climate change likely killed tens of thousands of people in 2023</a></strong>, Yale Climate Connections, Samantha Harrington. <em>And that’s an extremely conservative estimate. </em></li>
126. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/17/climate-crisis-average-world-incomes-to-drop-by-nearly-a-fifth-by-2050" target="_blank">Climate crisis: average world incomes to drop by nearly a fifth by 2050</a></strong>, The Guardian, Jonathan Watts. <em>Cost of environmental damage will be six times higher than price of limiting global heating to 2C, study finds</em></li>
127. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://billmckibben.substack.com/p/is-38-trillion-a-lot" target="_blank">Is $38 trillion a lot?</a></strong>, The Crucial Years, Bill McKibben. <em>Because that's what we're throwing away</em></li>
128. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://qz.com/shell-climate-change-resolution-1851417483" target="_blank">Shell says doing more to rein in global warming is 'unrealistic'</a></strong>, Quartz, Melvin Backman. <em>It's telling shareholders to vote down a proposal that it bolster its efforts to fight climate change</em></li>
129. </ul>
130. <p><strong>April 18</strong></p>
131. <ul>
132. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/18/lethal-heatwave-in-sahel-worsened-by-fossil-fuel-burning-study-finds" target="_blank">Lethal heatwave in Sahel worsened by fossil fuel burning, study finds</a></strong>, The Guardian, Jonathan Watts. <em>Deaths from record temperatures in Mali reportedly led to full morgues turning away bodies this month</em></li>
133. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-04-human-climate-deadly-sahel.html" target="_blank">Human-induced' climate change behind deadly Sahel heat wave: Study</a></strong>, Phys.org - latest science and technology news stories, AFP. <em></em></li>
134. </ul>
135. <p><strong>April 19</strong></p>
136. <ul>
137. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu24-personal-diary.html" target="_blank">EGU2024 - An intense week of joining sessions virtually</a></strong>, Skeptical Science, Bärbel Winkler. <em>A personal diary of the happenings at a large scientific conference from our volunteer Bärbel Winkler's perspective.</em></li>
138. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://grist.org/accountability/big-oil-court-climate-homicide-lawsuits/" target="_blank">Taking Big Oil to court for `climate homicide` isn`t as far-fetched as it sounds</a></strong>, Grist, Kate Yoder. <em>Are fossil fuel companies guilty of actual murder? </em></li>
139. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/a-primer-on-cloud-seeding" target="_blank">A primer on cloud seeding</a></strong>, The Climate Brink, Andrew Dessler. <em>no, it did not cause the flooding in Dubai</em></li>
140. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/ap-baku-azerbaijan-washington-dubai-b2531659.html" target="_blank">Next UN climate talks are critical to plot aid for poorer nations, says incoming president</a></strong>, The Independent News, Seth Borenstein. <em>The man who will run this year’s United Nations climate talks in November views the upcoming negotiations as a key link in international efforts to curb worsening global warming — if they can be successful</em></li>
141. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2024/04/19/the-egu-great-debate-about-the-anthropocene-scientists-and-comfort-zones/" target="_blank">EGU Blogs » GeoLog » The EGU Great Debate: About the Anthropocene, scientists and comfort zones? The EGU Great Debate: About the Anthropocene, scientists and comfort zones?</a></strong>, EGU Blogs, Maria Scheel. <em></em></li>
142. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/04/19/record-temperatures-heat-climate/" target="_blank">Earth’s record hot streak might be a sign of a new climate era</a></strong>, Climate-Environment, Washington Post, Sarah Kaplan. <em></em></li>
143. </ul>
144. <p><strong>April 20</strong></p>
145. <ul>
146. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/04/20/global-heating-will-cost-the-world-economy-38-trillion-a-year/" target="_blank">Global Heating Will Cost The World Economy $38 Trillion - A Year!</a></strong>, CleanTechnica, Steve Hanley. <em></em></li>
147. </ul>
148. &lt;p class="bluebox"&gt;If you happen upon high quality climate-science and/or climate-myth busting articles from reliable sources while surfing the web, please feel free to submit them via&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/FB-posts-form" target="_blank"&gt;this Google form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; so that we may share them widely. Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;</description>
149. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/2024-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_16.html</link>
150. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/2024-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_16.html</guid>
151. <pubDate>Sun, 21 Apr 2024 10:41:46 EST</pubDate>
152. </item>  <item>
153. <title>Skeptical Science New Research for Week #16 2024</title>
154. <description>&lt;h3&gt;Open access notables&lt;img class="figureright zoomable" src="https://skepticalscience.com//pics/SkS_weekly_research_small.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="139" /&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
155. <p><strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45906-8" target="_blank"><span id="skstip57" class="skstip advanced disabled">Glacial isostatic adjustment</span> reduces past and future Arctic subsea <span id="skstip58" class="skstip advanced disabled">permafrost</span></a></strong><span>, Creel et al., </span><em>Nature Communications:</em></p>
156. <blockquote>
157. <p><em>Sea-level rise submerges terrestrial permafrost in the Arctic, turning it into subsea permafrost. Subsea permafrost underlies ~ 1.8 million km2 of Arctic continental shelf, with thicknesses in places exceeding 700 m. Sea-level variations over glacial-interglacial cycles control subsea permafrost distribution and thickness, yet no permafrost model has accounted for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), which deviates local sea level from the global mean due to changes in ice and ocean loading. Here we incorporate GIA into a pan-Arctic model of subsea permafrost over the last 400,000 years. Including GIA significantly reduces present-day subsea permafrost thickness, chiefly because of hydro-isostatic effects as well as deformation related to Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Additionally, we extend the simulation 1000 years into the future for emissions scenarios outlined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s sixth assessment report. We find that subsea permafrost is preserved under a low emissions scenario but mostly disappears under a high emissions scenario.</em></p>
158. </blockquote>
159. <p><span><strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-024-01486-6" target="_blank">How do we reinforce <span id="skstip212" class="skstip beginner disabled">climate</span> action?</a></strong><span>, Zhao et al., </span><em>Sustainability Science:</em></span></p>
160. <blockquote>
161. <p><em>Humanity has a shrinking window to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions, yet climate action is still lacking on both individual and policy levels. We argue that this is because behavioral interventions have largely neglected the basic principles of operant conditioning as one set of tools to promote collective climate action. In this perspective, we propose an operant conditioning framework that uses rewards and punishments to shape transportation, food, waste, housing, and civic actions. This framework highlights the value of reinforcement in encouraging the switch to low-emission behavior, while also considering the benefit of decreasing high-emission behavior to expedite the transition. This approach also helps explain positive and negative spillovers from behavioral interventions. </em></p>
162. </blockquote>
163. <p><span><strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01966-8" target="_blank"><span id="skstip90" class="skstip beginner disabled">Climate change</span>-driven cooling can kill marine megafauna at their distributional limits</a></strong><span>, Lubitz et al., </span><em>Nature <span id="skstip91" class="skstip beginner disabled">Climate Change:</span></em></span></p>
164. <blockquote>
165. <p><em>The impacts on marine species from secular warming and heatwaves are well demonstrated; however, the impacts of extreme cold events are poorly understood. Here we link the death of organisms from 81 species to an intense cold upwelling event in the Agulhas Current, and show trends of increasing frequency and intensification of upwelling in the Agulhas Current and East Australian Current. Using electronic tagging, we illustrate the potential impacts of upwelling events on the movement behaviour of bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas, including alterations of migratory patterns and maintenance of shallower dive profiles when transiting through upwelling cells. Increasing upwelling could result in ‘bait and switch’ situations, where climate change expands subtropical species’ distribution, while simultaneously exposing climate migrants to an increased risk of cold-mortality events at poleward distributional limits. This shows the potential impacts of increased cold events, an understudied aspect of climate change research, and highlights the complexities of climate change effects on marine ecosystems.</em></p>
166. </blockquote>
167. <p><span><strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100605" target="_blank">Literature-informed <span id="skstip242" class="skstip advanced disabled">likelihood</span>s of future emissions and temperatures</a></strong><span>, Venmans & Carr, </span><em><span id="skstip243" class="skstip beginner disabled">Climate</span> Risk Management:</em></span></p>
168. <div id="abstracts" class="Abstracts u-font-serif text-s">
169. <div id="ab005" class="abstract author">
170. <div id="as005">
171. <blockquote>
172. <p id="sp0005"><em>How high should we build a dyke today, knowing that it will serve for more than 50 years? This depends on the probability distribution of future temperatures. We review the literature on estimates of future emissions for current/stated policy scenarios and current pledge scenarios. Reviewing expert elicitations, abatement costs of scenarios, learning rates of technologies, fossil fuel supply side dynamics and geoengineering, we argue that scenarios with emissions largely beyond current/stated policy scenarios and largely below current pledge scenarios are relatively unlikely. Based on this, we develop a literature-informed evaluation of the likelihoods of future temperature for use in Value at Risk stress tests in 2030, 2050 and 2100</em>.</p>
173. </blockquote>
174. </div>
175. </div>
176. </div>
177. <p><span><strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01990-8" target="_blank"><span id="skstip203" class="skstip beginner disabled">Climate</span> damage <span id="skstip204" class="skstip advanced disabled">projection</span>s beyond annual temperature</a></strong><span>, Waidelich et al., </span><em>Nature <span id="skstip205" class="skstip beginner disabled">Climate Change:</span></em></span></p>
178. <blockquote>
179. <p><em>Estimates of global economic damage from climate change assess the effect of annual temperature changes. However, the roles of precipitation, temperature variability and extreme events are not yet known. Here, by combining projections of climate models with empirical dose–response functions translating shifts in temperature means and variability, rainfall patterns and extreme precipitation into economic damage, we show that at +3 °C global average losses reach 10% of gross domestic product, with worst effects (up to 17%) in poorer, low-latitude countries. Relative to annual temperature damage, the additional impacts of projecting variability and extremes are smaller and dominated by interannual variability, especially at lower latitudes. However, accounting for variability and extremes when estimating the temperature dose–response function raises global economic losses by nearly two percentage points and exacerbates economic tail risks.</em></p>
180. </blockquote>
181. <p><strong>From this week's government/NGO <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2024_10.html#gov-ngo">section:</a></strong></p>
182. <p><strong><a href="https://globalenergymonitor.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Boom-Bust-Coal-2024.pdf" target="_blank">Boom and Bust Coal. Tracking the Global Coal Plant Pipeline</a>, </strong>Global Energy Monitor, <strong>Global Energy Monitor, CREA, E3G, Reclaim Finance, Sierra Club, SFOC, Kiko Network, CAN Europe, Bangladesh Groups, Trend Asia, Alliance for Climate Justice and Clean Energy, Chile Sustentable, POLEN Transiciones Justas, Iniciativa Climática de México, and Arayara:</strong></p>
183. <blockquote><em>Despite promising momentum, the world’s operating coal power capacity has grown 11% since 2015 and global coal use and coal capacity reached an all time high in 2023. The global coal fleet grew by 48.4 gigawatts (GW), or 2%, in 2023 to a total of 2,130 GW, with China driving two-thirds of additions. Outside of China, the coal fleet also saw a small 4.7 GW uptick for the first time since 2019. Although new retirement plans and phaseout commitments continued to emerge, less coal capacity was retired in 2023 than in any other single year in more than a decade. Globally, 69.5 GW of capacity came online while 21.1 GW was retired, resulting in a net annual increase of 48.4 GW, the highest since 2016, bringing the global total capacity to 2,130 GW. China’s 70.2 GW of new construction starts in 2023 represents 19x more than the rest of the world’s 3.7 GW and is the country’s highest annual capacity breaking ground since 2015. Outside of China and India, total proposed coal capacity is at its lowest since data collection began in 2015.</em></blockquote>
184. <p><strong><a href="https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/ask-an-expert/" target="_blank">What do Americans want to know about climate change?</a>, </strong>Ballew et al., <strong>Yale University and George Mason University:</strong></p>
185. <blockquote><em>In this analysis, the authors investigated how the questions people would ask an expert vary across different subgroups, including demographic and political groups and Global Warming’s Six Americas. The Six Americas framework categorizes people into six distinct audiences based on their opinions about climate change, ranging from the Alarmed (who are the most worried and supportive of action) to the Dismissive (who do not believe climate change is happening or human caused and are often opposed to action). Americans are most interested in learning about solutions to global warming (44%), followed by evidence that it is happening (20%) or information about the causes (18%). Fewer Americans (11%) would ask first about the impacts of global warming. The topics people would ask about differ across demographic and political groups.</em></blockquote>
186. <h3 style="text-align: left;">143 articles in 61 journals by 832 contributing authors</h3>
187. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Observations of climate change, effects</strong></p>
188. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-04961-3" target="_blank">Assessment of climate variability and trends in different physiographic zones of North Western Himalayas</a>, Shafiq et al., <em>Theoretical and Applied Climatology</em> 10.1007/s00704-024-04961-3</p>
189. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1773-2024" target="_blank">InSAR-measured permafrost degradation of palsa peatlands in northern Sweden</a>, Valman et al., <em>The Cryosphere</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/18/1773/2024/tc" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/18/1773/2024/tc-18-1773-2024.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.5194/tc-18-1773-2024</p>
190. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01274-1" target="_blank">The risk of concurrent heatwaves and extreme sea levels along the global coastline is increasing</a>, Zhou & Wang, <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01274-1.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s43247-024-01274-1</p>
191. <!--more-->
192. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.8460" target="_blank">Using UNSEEN approach to attribute regional UK winter rainfall extremes</a>, Cotterill et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/joc.8460" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/joc.8460" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1002/joc.8460</p>
193. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4451-2024" target="_blank">Wintertime extreme warming events in the high Arctic: characteristics, drivers, trends, and the role of atmospheric rivers</a>, Ma et al., <em>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/4451/2024/acp" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/4451/2024/acp-24-4451-2024.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.5194/acp-24-4451-2024</p>
194. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-024-02209-4" target="_blank">“All the rivers we used to travel by”: Indigenous knowledge of hydrological change and its impacts in the Mackenzie Delta Region, Canada</a>, Ziegler et al., <em>Regional Environmental Change</em> 10.1007/s10113-024-02209-4</p>
195. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Instrumentation & observational methods of climate change, effects</strong></p>
196. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023ef004114" target="_blank">Assessing Global and Regional Trends in Spatially Co-Occurring Hot or Wet Annual Maxima Under Climate Change</a>, Biess et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004114" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004114" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023ef004114</p>
197. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101910" target="_blank">Forecast urban ecosystem services to track climate change: Combining machine learning and emergy spatial analysis</a>, Liu et al., <em>Urban Climate</em> 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101910</p>
198. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Modeling, simulation & projection of climate change, effects</strong></p>
199. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jd039910" target="_blank">An Ensemble Learning Model Reveals Accelerated Reductions in Snow Depth Over Arctic Sea Ice Under High-Emission Scenarios</a>, Li et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em> 10.1029/2023jd039910</p>
200. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2755-2024" target="_blank">Continental-scale bias-corrected climate and hydrological projections for Australia</a>, Peter et al., <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/gmd-17-2755-2024</p>
201. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07201-6" target="_blank">Evaluation and projections of summer daily precipitation over Northeastern China in an optimal CMIP6 Multimodel Ensemble</a>, LI & Jiao, <em>Climate Dynamics</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3505005/latest.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s00382-024-07201-6</p>
202. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.22541/essoar.169903658.89307701/v1" target="_blank">Greater climate sensitivity implied by anvil cloud thinning</a>, Sokol et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://essopenarchive.org/doi/pdf/10.22541/essoar.169903658.89307701" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://essopenarchive.org/doi/pdf/10.22541/essoar.169903658.89307701" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.22541/essoar.169903658.89307701/v1</p>
203. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107413" target="_blank">Projected changes in extreme daily precipitation linked to changes in precipitable water and vertical velocity in CMIP6 models</a>, Gimeno-Sotelo et al., <em>Atmospheric Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107413" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107413</p>
204. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07215-0" target="_blank">Projected changes of compound droughts and heatwaves in China under 1.5 °C, 2 °C, and 3 °C of global warming</a>, Liu et al., <em>Climate Dynamics</em> 10.1007/s00382-024-07215-0</p>
205. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jd039473" target="_blank">Responses of Mesoscale Convective System to Global Warming: A Study on the Henan 2021 Record-Breaking Rainfall Event</a>, Lin et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em> 10.1029/2023jd039473</p>
206. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.8452" target="_blank">Spatial–temporal assessment of future extreme precipitation and extreme high-temperature exposure across China</a>, Jin et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> 10.1002/joc.8452</p>
207. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gl107881" target="_blank">The Influence of Climate Variability and Future Climate Change on Atlantic Hurricane Season Length</a>, Patricola et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GL107881" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GL107881" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023gl107881</p>
208. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01976-6" target="_blank">Western North Pacific tropical cyclone activity modulated by phytoplankton feedback under global warming</a>, Kim et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-024-01976-6</p>
209. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Advancement of climate & climate effects modeling, simulation & projection</strong></p>
210. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2641-2024" target="_blank">A machine learning approach for evaluating Southern Ocean cloud radiative biases in a global atmosphere model</a>, Fiddes et al., <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/gmd-17-2641-2024</p>
211. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104773" target="_blank">A systematic review of predictor screening methods for downscaling of numerical climate models</a>, Baghanam et al., <em>Earth</em> 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104773</p>
212. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-04965-z" target="_blank">An extremes-weighted empirical quantile mapping for global climate model data bias correction for improved emphasis on extremes</a>, Rohith & Cibin, <em>Theoretical and Applied Climatology</em> 10.1007/s00704-024-04965-z</p>
213. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gl106693" target="_blank">Assessment of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in CMIP6 Models Based on Moisture Mode Theory</a>, Lin et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GL106693" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GL106693" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023gl106693</p>
214. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gl106639" target="_blank">Model Biases in the Atmosphere-Ocean Partitioning of Poleward Heat Transport Are Persistent Across Three CMIP Generations</a>, Donohoe et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GL106639" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GL106639" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023gl106639</p>
215. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100608" target="_blank">Synergies of CGE and IAM modelling for climate change implications on WEFE nexus in the Mediterranean</a>, Orna et al., <em>Climate Risk Management</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100608" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100608</p>
216. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Cryosphere & climate change</strong></p>
217. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47084-z" target="_blank">Amundsen Sea circulation controls bottom upwelling and Antarctic Pine Island and Thwaites ice shelf melting</a>, Park et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47084-z.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41467-024-47084-z</p>
218. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45906-8" target="_blank">Glacial isostatic adjustment reduces past and future Arctic subsea permafrost</a>, Creel et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45906-8.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41467-024-45906-8</p>
219. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2024gl108202" target="_blank">Glacier Retreat in Eastern Himalaya Drives Catastrophic Glacier Hazard Chain</a>, Li et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2024GL108202" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2024GL108202" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2024gl108202</p>
220. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1847-2024" target="_blank">High temporal resolution records of the velocity of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in Svalbard</a>, B?aszczyk et al., <em>Earth System Science Data</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/1847/2024/essd" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/1847/2024/essd-16-1847-2024.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.5194/essd-16-1847-2024</p>
221. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07225-y" target="_blank">Impacts of early-winter Arctic sea-ice loss on wintertime surface temperature in China</a>, Xia et al., <em>Climate Dynamics</em> 10.1007/s00382-024-07225-y</p>
222. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.8461" target="_blank">Influence of autumn Kara Sea ice on the subsequent winter minimum temperature over the Northeast China</a>, Han et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> 10.1002/joc.8461</p>
223. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1753-2024" target="_blank">Modelling present and future rock wall permafrost distribution in the Sisimiut mountain area, West Greenland</a>, Marcer et al., <em>The Cryosphere</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/tc-18-1753-2024</p>
224. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jc019988" target="_blank">Odden Ice Melt Linked to Labrador Sea Ice Expansions and the Great Salinity Anomalies of 1970–1995</a>, Allan & Allan, <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jc019988" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1029/2023jc019988</p>
225. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01355-1" target="_blank">Recent increase in the surface mass balance in central East Antarctica is unprecedented for the last 2000 years</a>, Ekaykin et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01355-1.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s43247-024-01355-1</p>
226. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07168-4" target="_blank">Record-breaking Barents Sea ice loss favors to the unprecedented summertime extreme heatwave in 2021 over western North America by enhancing Rossby wave ridge</a>, Wei et al., <em>Climate Dynamics</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2894029/latest.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s00382-024-07168-4</p>
227. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1709-2024" target="_blank">Triggers of the 2022 Larsen B multi-year landfast sea ice breakout and initial glacier response</a>, Ochwat et al., <em>The Cryosphere</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/tc-18-1709-2024</p>
228. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47655-0" target="_blank">Weakened western Indian Ocean dominance on Antarctic sea ice variability in a changing climate</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47655-0.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41467-024-47655-0</p>
229. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Paleoclimate & paleogeochemistry</strong></p>
230. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-891-2024" target="_blank">Spatial variability of marine-terminating ice sheet retreat in the Puget Lowland</a>, McKenzie et al., <em>Climate of the Past</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/20/891/2024/cp" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/20/891/2024/cp-20-891-2024.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.5194/cp-20-891-2024</p>
231. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Biology & climate change, related geochemistry</strong></p>
232. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03221-3" target="_blank">A global database on coral recovery following marine heatwaves</a>, van Woesik & Kratochwill, <em>Scientific Data</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-024-03221-3.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41597-024-03221-3</p>
233. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47084-z" target="_blank">Amundsen Sea circulation controls bottom upwelling and Antarctic Pine Island and Thwaites ice shelf melting</a>, Park et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47084-z.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41467-024-47084-z</p>
234. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11283" target="_blank">An ensemble model predicts an upward range shift of the endemic and endangered Yellow-throated Apalis (Apalis flavigularis) under future climate change in Malawi</a>, Banda et al., <em>Ecology and Evolution</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11017464" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1002/ece3.11283</p>
235. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000293" target="_blank">Are forest management practices to improve carbon balance compatible with maintaining bird diversity under climate change? A case study in Eastern North America</a>, Labadie et al., <em>PLOS Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://journals.plos.org/climate/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pclm.0000293&type=printable" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://journals.plos.org/climate/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pclm.0000293&type=printable" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000293</p>
236. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2303336121" target="_blank">Climate change impacts on mesophotic regions of the Great Barrier Reef</a>, McWhorter et al., <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> 10.1073/pnas.2303336121</p>
237. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01966-8" target="_blank">Climate change-driven cooling can kill marine megafauna at their distributional limits</a>, Lubitz et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10648450" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41558-024-01966-8</p>
238. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17282" target="_blank">Climate-driven shifts in the diversity of plants in the Neotropical seasonally dry forest: Evaluating the effectiveness of protected areas</a>, Manrique?Ascencio et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> 10.1111/gcb.17282</p>
239. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adl4800" target="_blank">Drought- and heat-induced mortality of conifer trees is explained by leaf and growth legacies</a>, Sterck et al., <em>Science Advances</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adl4800?download=true" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adl4800?download=true" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1126/sciadv.adl4800</p>
240. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14268" target="_blank">Effects of increasing soil moisture on Antarctic desert microbial ecosystems</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Conservation Biology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cobi.14268" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cobi.14268" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1111/cobi.14268</p>
241. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01989-1" target="_blank">Frugivores enhance potential carbon recovery in fragmented landscapes</a>, Bello et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-01989-1.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41558-024-01989-1</p>
242. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13837" target="_blank">Kelp forest diversity under projected end-of-century climate change</a>, Assis et al., <em>Diversity and Distributions</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ddi.13837" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ddi.13837" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1111/ddi.13837</p>
243. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt20q1vvr.23" target="_blank">Latitude or altitude as the future refugium? A case for the future of forests in Asia Minor and its surroundings</a>, , <em>Ascension Theory</em> <a style="color: green;" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.2307/j.ctt20q1vvr.23</p>
244. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17281" target="_blank">Microbial phosphorus-cycling genes in soil under global change</a>, Wang et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> 10.1111/gcb.17281</p>
245. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1370365" target="_blank">Prediction of the potential geographical distribution of Cytospora chrysosperma in Xinjiang, China under climate change scenarios</a>, Li et al., <em>Frontiers in Forests and Global Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1370365/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1370365/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1370365</p>
246. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gl107477" target="_blank">Radiation, Air Temperature, and Soil Water Availability Drive Tree Water Deficit Across Temporal Scales in Canada's Western Boreal Forest</a>, Perron et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GL107477" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GL107477" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023gl107477</p>
247. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1379791" target="_blank">Response of Alnus glutinosa to Phytophthora bark infections at ambient and elevated CO2 levels</a>, Machá?ová et al., <em>Frontiers in Forests and Global Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1379791/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1379791/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1379791</p>
248. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4302" target="_blank">Temperature-driven homogenization of an ant community over 60 years in a montane ecosystem</a>, Paraskevopoulos et al., <em>Ecology</em> 10.1002/ecy.4302</p>
249. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jc019892" target="_blank">The Combined Effects of Ocean Acidification and Respiration on Habitat Suitability for Marine Calcifiers Along the West Coast of North America</a>, Feely et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023JC019892" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023JC019892" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023jc019892</p>
250. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-024-02223-6" target="_blank">The impact of temperature on increased airborne pollen and earlier onset of the pollen season in Trentino, Northern Italy</a>, Cristofolini et al., <em>Regional Environmental Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10113" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10113-024-02223-6.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s10113-024-02223-6</p>
251. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231280" target="_blank">Unexpected increase in structural integrity caused by thermally induced dwarfism in large benthic foraminifera</a>, Titelboim et al., <em>Royal Society Open Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.231280" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.231280" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1098/rsos.231280</p>
252. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13829" target="_blank">Unexpected sources of uncertainty in projecting habitat shifts for Arctic shorebirds under climate change</a>, Anderson et al., <em>Diversity and Distributions</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ddi.13829" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ddi.13829" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1111/ddi.13829</p>
253. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>GHG sources & sinks, flux, related geochemistry</strong></p>
254. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17280" target="_blank">Carbon fluxes of China's coastal wetlands and impacts of reclamation and restoration</a>, Lu et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> 10.1111/gcb.17280</p>
255. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47202-x" target="_blank">Contrasting carbon cycle along tropical forest aridity gradients in West Africa and Amazonia</a>, Zhang-Zheng et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47202-x.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41467-024-47202-x</p>
256. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47436-9" target="_blank">Enhanced atmospheric oxidation toward carbon neutrality reduces methane’s climate forcing</a>, Liu et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47436-9.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41467-024-47436-9</p>
257. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1347592" target="_blank">Evolution characteristics, carbon emission effects and influencing factors of production-living-ecological space in Taihang Mountain poverty belt, China</a>, Chen et al., <em>Frontiers in Environmental Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1347592/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1347592/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1347592</p>
258. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47383-5" target="_blank">Global energy use and carbon emissions from irrigated agriculture</a>, Qin et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47383-5.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41467-024-47383-5</p>
259. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae134" target="_blank">Leakage of old carbon dioxide from a major river system in the Canadian Arctic</a>, Dasari et al., <em>PNAS Nexus</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/advance" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae134/57118258/pgae134.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae134</p>
260. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01347-1" target="_blank">Ocean acidification offsets the effect of warming on sediment denitrification and associated nitrous oxide production</a>, Simone et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01347-1.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s43247-024-01347-1</p>
261. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jd040204" target="_blank">Radiative and Chemical Effects of Non-Homogeneous Methane on Terrestrial Carbon Fluxes in Asia</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em> 10.1029/2023jd040204</p>
262. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2307219121" target="_blank">Refining greenhouse gas emission factors for Indonesian peatlands and mangroves to meet ambitious climate targets</a>, Murdiyarso et al., <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2307219121" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2307219121" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1073/pnas.2307219121</p>
263. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01333-7" target="_blank">Restricted plant diversity limits carbon recapture after wildfire in warming boreal forests</a>, Eckdahl et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01333-7.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s43247-024-01333-7</p>
264. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17275" target="_blank">Shedding light on the increased carbon uptake by a boreal forest under diffuse solar radiation across multiple scales</a>, Neimane?Šroma et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/gcb.17275" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/gcb.17275" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1111/gcb.17275</p>
265. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104433" target="_blank">Soil inorganic carbon stock and its changes across the Tibetan Plateau during the 1980s–2020s</a>, Lin et al., <em>Global and Planetary Change</em> 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104433</p>
266. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank">Spatial and temporal variations of gross primary production simulated by land surface model BCC&AVIM2.0</a>, Li et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001</p>
267. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1293541" target="_blank">Spatiotemporal variation and response of gross primary productivity to climate factors in forests in Qiannan state from 2000 to 2020</a>, Liao et al., <em>Frontiers in Forests and Global Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1293541/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1293541/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1293541</p>
268. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.4211/hs.436be40748a246269102b20211b49762" target="_blank">Technical note: Preventing CO2 overestimation from mercuric or copper(II) chloride preservation of dissolved greenhouse gases in freshwater samples</a>, Clayer et al., <em>HydroShare Resources</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.436be40748a246269102b20211b49762" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.4211/hs.436be40748a246269102b20211b49762</p>
269. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-00531-3" target="_blank">The role of biota in the Southern Ocean carbon cycle</a>, Boyd et al., <em>Nature Reviews Earth & Environment</em> 10.1038/s43017-024-00531-3</p>
270. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>CO2 capture, sequestration science & engineering</strong></p>
271. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01365-z" target="_blank">A taxonomy to map evidence on the co-benefits, challenges, and limits of carbon dioxide removal</a>, Prütz et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01365-z.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s43247-024-01365-z</p>
272. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47143-5" target="_blank">Maximizing carbon sequestration potential in Chinese forests through optimal management</a>, Yu et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47143-5.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41467-024-47143-5</p>
273. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adl2787" target="_blank">Mechanically stable polymer molecular sieve membranes with switchable functionality designed for high CO2 separation performance</a>, Lee & Bae, <em>Science Advances</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adl2787?download=true" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adl2787?download=true" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1126/sciadv.adl2787</p>
274. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1349604" target="_blank">Pathways for marine carbon dioxide removal using electrochemical acid-base generation</a>, Eisaman, <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1349604/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1349604/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fclim.2024.1349604</p>
275. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Decarbonization</strong></p>
276. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04798-w" target="_blank">Factors affecting the production cost of green hydrogen and its challenge for sustainable development</a>, Athia et al., <em>Environment, Development and Sustainability</em> 10.1007/s10668-024-04798-w</p>
277. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01510-0" target="_blank">Floating photovoltaics may reduce the risk of hydro-dominated energy development in Africa</a>, Arnold et al., <em>Nature Energy</em> 10.1038/s41560-024-01510-0</p>
278. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1362706" target="_blank">Research trends in the use of secondary batteries for energy storage</a>, García-Pineda et al., <em>Frontiers in Environmental Science</em> 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1362706</p>
279. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Geoengineering climate</strong></p>
280. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1346117" target="_blank">A tool for assessing the sensitivity of soil-based approaches for quantifying enhanced weathering: a US case study</a>, Suhrhoff et al., <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1346117/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1346117/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fclim.2024.1346117</p>
281. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Black carbon</strong> <strong>Aerosols</strong></p>
282. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01427-z" target="_blank">Substantial cooling effect from aerosol-induced increase in tropical marine cloud cover</a>, Chen et al., <em>Nature Geoscience</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01427-z.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41561-024-01427-z</p>
283. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change communications & cognition</strong></p>
284. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae099" target="_blank">A longitudinal investigation of risk perceptions and adaptation behavior in the US Gulf Coast</a>, Wong-Parodi et al., <em>PNAS Nexus</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article-pdf/3/4/pgae099/57187238/pgae099.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae099</p>
285. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103543" target="_blank">Blame over blackouts: Correcting partisan misinformation regarding renewable energy in the United States</a>, Benegal & Scruggs, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103543</p>
286. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.53667/hphn5917" target="_blank">Climate change in and out of the therapy room</a>, Macagnino, <em>British Gestalt Journal</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://oro.open.ac.uk/90919/3/90919.pdf" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://oro.open.ac.uk/90919/3/90919.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.53667/hphn5917</p>
287. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-024-02012-9" target="_blank">Climate change, cultural continuity and ecological grief: Insights from the Sámi Homeland</a>, Markkula et al., <em>Ambio</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13280" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13280-024-02012-9.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s13280-024-02012-9</p>
288. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/807542" target="_blank">Does the Use of Media and Other Information Sources Cause the Perceived Experience of Climate Change or is it the Other Way Around?</a>, Loban, <em>The English Journal</em> <a style="color: green;" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.2307/807542</p>
289. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2024.2342510" target="_blank">The Green Beat: Exploring India’s Environmental Journalism and Climate Change Issues</a>, Ogadimma, <em>Environmental Communication</em> 10.1080/17524032.2024.2342510</p>
290. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Agronomy, animal husbundry, food production & climate change</strong></p>
291. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13412-024-00916-2" target="_blank">Carbon emissions and food production: why climate change is a threat to Nigeria’s food security</a>, Fagbemi et al., <em>Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences</em> 10.1007/s13412-024-00916-2</p>
292. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3041-2024" target="_blank">CLASH – Climate-responsive Land Allocation model with carbon Storage and Harvests</a>, Ekholm et al., <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/17/3041/2024/gmd" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/17/3041/2024/gmd-17-3041-2024.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.5194/gmd-17-3041-2024</p>
293. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1345888" target="_blank">Effectiveness of climate information services: an evaluation of the accuracy and socio-economic benefits for smallholder farmers in Niger and Mali</a>, Bizo et al., <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1345888/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1345888/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fclim.2024.1345888</p>
294. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2215677121" target="_blank">Empirical modeling of agricultural climate risk</a>, Burney et al., <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2215677121" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2215677121" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1073/pnas.2215677121</p>
295. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47383-5" target="_blank">Global energy use and carbon emissions from irrigated agriculture</a>, Qin et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47383-5.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41467-024-47383-5</p>
296. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.109937" target="_blank">Long-term straw return to a wheat-maize system results in topsoil organic C saturation and increased yields while no stimulating or reducing yield-scaled N<sub>2</sub>O and NO emissions</a>, Yao et al., <em>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</em> 10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.109937</p>
297. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023ef003842" target="_blank">Non-Linear Climate Change Impacts on Crop Yields May Mislead Stakeholders</a>, Ruane et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF003842" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF003842" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023ef003842</p>
298. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-024-02219-2" target="_blank">Spatiotemporal variations of non-farming use of cropland in China under different SSP-RCP scenarios</a>, Linghu et al., <em>Regional Environmental Change</em> 10.1007/s10113-024-02219-2</p>
299. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Hydrology, hydrometeorology & climate change</strong></p>
300. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1345258" target="_blank">A new methodology for probabilistic flood displacement risk assessment: the case of Fiji and Vanuatu</a>, Rossi et al., <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1345258/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1345258/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fclim.2024.1345258</p>
301. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107407" target="_blank">Characterization of the future northeast monsoon rainfall based on the clustered climate zone under CMIP6 in Peninsular Malaysia</a>, Sa'adi et al., <em>Atmospheric Research</em> 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107407</p>
302. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.8386" target="_blank">Climate change and La Niña increase the likelihood of the ‘7·20’ extraordinary typhoon-rainstorm in Zhengzhou, China</a>, Wang & Yuan, <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> 10.1002/joc.8386</p>
303. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023ef004238" target="_blank">Future Changes in Floods, Droughts, and Their Extents in the Alps: A Sensitivity Analysis With a Non-Stationary Stochastic Streamflow Generator</a>, Brunner & Gilleland, <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004238" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004238" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023ef004238</p>
304. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023ef004222" target="_blank">Hydrological Projections in the Third Pole Using Artificial Intelligence and an Observation-Constrained Cryosphere-Hydrology Model</a>, Long et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004222" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004222" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023ef004222</p>
305. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-04969-9" target="_blank">Predicting the impact of climate change on the area of wetlands using remote sensing</a>, Heidarzadeh et al., <em>Theoretical and Applied Climatology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3178370/latest.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s00704-024-04969-9</p>
306. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-04952-4" target="_blank">Projections of meteorological drought events in the upper K?z?l?rmak basin under climate change scenarios</a>, Selçuk et al., <em>Theoretical and Applied Climatology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00704" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00704-024-04952-4.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s00704-024-04952-4</p>
307. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104433" target="_blank">Soil inorganic carbon stock and its changes across the Tibetan Plateau during the 1980s–2020s</a>, Lin et al., <em>Global and Planetary Change</em> 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104433</p>
308. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06588-z" target="_blank">Trends and amount changes of temperature and precipitation under future projections in high–low groups and intra-period for the Eastern Black Sea, the Wettest Basin in Türkiye</a>, Nacar et al., <em>Natural Hazards</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11069" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11069-024-06588-z.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s11069-024-06588-z</p>
309. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2024.04.006" target="_blank">Using copula functions to predict climatic change impacts on floods in river source regions</a>, Chen et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2024.04.006" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2024.04.006</p>
310. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.8460" target="_blank">Using UNSEEN approach to attribute regional UK winter rainfall extremes</a>, Cotterill et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/joc.8460" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/joc.8460" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1002/joc.8460</p>
311. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change economics</strong></p>
312. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1309885" target="_blank">Carbon finance and funding for forest sector climate solutions: a review and synthesis of the principles, policies, and practices</a>, Zhou et al., <em>Frontiers in Environmental Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1309885/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1309885/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1309885</p>
313. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01990-8" target="_blank">Climate damage projections beyond annual temperature</a>, Waidelich et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41558-024-01990-8</p>
314. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1381466" target="_blank">Corporate carbon emissions management and the disclosure of key audit matters</a>, Wang & Wu, <em>Frontiers in Environmental Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1381466/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1381466/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1381466</p>
315. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01375-x" target="_blank">Unequal impacts of urban industrial land expansion on economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions</a>, Yoo et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01375-x.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s43247-024-01375-x</p>
316. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change mitigation public policy research</strong></p>
317. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2024.101445" target="_blank">Amazon energy transition: The need to accelerate emission reduction by the extensive adoption of solar photovoltaics and storage in Brazil</a>, Soliano Perreira et al., <em>Energy for Sustainable Development</em> 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101445</p>
318. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103540" target="_blank">Australian microgrids: Navigating complexity in the regional energy transition</a>, Wright et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103540" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103540</p>
319. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114106" target="_blank">Does citizen participation improve acceptance of a Green Deal? Evidence from choice experiments in Ukraine and Switzerland</a>, Kostyuchenko et al., <em>Energy Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114106" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114106</p>
320. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103542" target="_blank">Emerging challenges of offshore wind energy in the Global South: Perspectives from Brazil</a>, Gorayeb et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103542</p>
321. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101908" target="_blank">Estimation of expressway carbon emissions and simulation of policies based on OTC data: A case study of Guangdong, China</a>, Li et al., <em>Urban Climate</em> 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101908</p>
322. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcc.887" target="_blank">Greener through gender: What climate mainstreaming can learn from gender mainstreaming</a>, Lam et al., <em>WIREs Climate Change</em> 10.1002/wcc.887</p>
323. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-024-01486-6" target="_blank">How do we reinforce climate action?</a>, Zhao et al., <em>Sustainability Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11625" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11625-024-01486-6.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s11625-024-01486-6</p>
324. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-024-02217-4" target="_blank">Increased policy ambition is needed to avoid the effects of climate change and reach carbon removal targets in Portugal</a>, Pedersen et al., <em>Regional Environmental Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10113" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10113-024-02217-4.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s10113-024-02217-4</p>
325. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2024.101447" target="_blank">Is South Korea's 2050 Carbon-Neutral scenario sufficient for meeting greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal?</a>, Cho et al., <em>Energy for Sustainable Development</em> 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101447</p>
326. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103741" target="_blank">Performative politics of REDD+ experts: Siloed discourses and a missed opportunity</a>, Kono & Upton, <em>Environmental Science & Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103741" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103741</p>
327. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04829-6" target="_blank">Promotion strategy of low-carbon multimodal transportation considering government regulation and cargo owners’ willingness</a>, Hu et al., <em>Environment, Development and Sustainability</em> 10.1007/s10668-024-04829-6</p>
328. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1356689" target="_blank">Research on the spatial spillover effect of carbon trading market development on regional emission reduction</a>, Cui et al., <em>Frontiers in Environmental Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1356689/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1356689/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1356689</p>
329. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01977-5" target="_blank">Revisiting Copenhagen climate mitigation targets</a>, Li et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-01977-5.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41558-024-01977-5</p>
330. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114119" target="_blank">Short-run marginal emission factors neglect impactful phenomena and are unsuitable for assessing the power sector emissions impacts of hydrogen electrolysis</a>, Ricks et al., <em>Energy Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://zenodo.org/records/10121371/files/H2_SRME_Comment_Working.pdf" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/records/10121371/files/H2_SRME_Comment_Working.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114119</p>
331. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04908-8" target="_blank">Urban actions toward energy efficiency and carbon reduction—an empirical study under the urbanization dynamics</a>, Hsi et al., <em>Environment, Development and Sustainability</em> 10.1007/s10668-024-04908-8</p>
332. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change adaptation & adaptation public policy research</strong></p>
333. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-024-03711-8" target="_blank">Climate change, urban vulnerabilities and adaptation in Africa: a scoping review</a>, Ansah et al., <em>Climatic Change</em> 10.1007/s10584-024-03711-8</p>
334. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103758" target="_blank">Coastal management and climate change on the island and the sea of Chiloé (Chile): An evaluation of policies, regulations, and instruments</a>, Vázquez Pinillos & Chica Ruiz, <em>Environmental Science & Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103758" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103758</p>
335. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-024-02211-w" target="_blank">European patterns of local adaptation planning—a regional analysis</a>, Buzási et al., <em>Regional Environmental Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10113" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10113-024-02211-w.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s10113-024-02211-w</p>
336. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06605-1" target="_blank">Exploring the determinants of disaster and climate resilience building in Zimbabwe’s rural communities</a>, Nyahunda et al., <em>Natural Hazards</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11069" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11069-024-06605-1.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s11069-024-06605-1</p>
337. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100609" target="_blank">How is the military and defence sector of EU member states adapting to climate risks?</a>, Amakrane & Biesbroek, <em>Climate Risk Management</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100609" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100609</p>
338. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1331945" target="_blank">Navigating climate change complexity and deep uncertainty: approach for building socio-ecological resilience using qualitative dynamic simulation</a>, Merino-Benítez et al., <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1331945/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1331945/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fclim.2024.1331945</p>
339. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/risa.14306" target="_blank">Optimal risk management considering environmental and climatic changes</a>, Benkraiem et al., <em>Risk Analysis</em> <a style="color: green;" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1111/risa.14306</p>
340. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change impacts on human health</strong></p>
341. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100606" target="_blank">Community adaptation to heat stress − Social network analysis</a>, Mondal et al., <em>Climate Risk Management</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100606" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100606</p>
342. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01361-3" target="_blank">Large transboundary health impact of Arctic wildfire smoke</a>, Silver et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01361-3.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s43247-024-01361-3</p>
343. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.06941" target="_blank">Present and future situation of West Nile virus in the Afro-Palaearctic pathogeographic system</a>, García?Carrasco et al., <em>Ecography</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ecog.06941" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ecog.06941" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1111/ecog.06941</p>
344. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1355793" target="_blank">Public health: a forgotten piece of the adaptation law puzzle</a>, Boocock et al., <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1355793/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1355793/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fclim.2024.1355793</p>
345. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101901" target="_blank">Urban heat island in Warsaw (Poland): Current development and projections for 2050</a>, Kuchcik et al., <em>Urban Climate</em> 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101901</p>
346. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change & geopolitics</strong></p>
347. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103754" target="_blank">Post-Paris agreement negotiations: A commitment to multilateralism despite the lack of funding</a>, Ruiz-Campillo, <em>Environmental Science & Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103754" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103754</p>
348. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change impacts on human culture</strong></p>
349. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-024-02218-3" target="_blank">Modelling the impact of climate change on cultural practices: the future of fen skating (1981–2079)</a>, Richards, <em>Regional Environmental Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10113" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10113-024-02218-3.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s10113-024-02218-3</p>
350. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Other</strong></p>
351. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17279" target="_blank">Environmental plastics in the context of UV radiation, climate change, and the Montreal Protocol</a>, Jansen et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/gcb.17279" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/gcb.17279" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1111/gcb.17279</p>
352. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023ef004231" target="_blank">Projecting Global Mercury Emissions and Deposition Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways</a>, Geyman et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004231" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004231" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023ef004231</p>
353. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Informed opinion, nudges & major initiatives</strong></p>
354. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1330463" target="_blank">Issues of democratisation in citizen science for urban climate services</a>, Strähle & Urban, <em>Frontiers in Earth Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2024.1330463/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2024.1330463/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/feart.2024.1330463</p>
355. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100605" target="_blank">Literature-informed likelihoods of future emissions and temperatures</a>, Venmans & Carr, <em>Climate Risk Management</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100605" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100605</p>
356. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adk8298" target="_blank">Opportunities to grow tribal clean energy in the US</a>, Yazzie et al., <em>Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.adk8298?download=true" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.adk8298?download=true" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1126/science.adk8298</p>
357. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1339915" target="_blank">Values must be at the heart of responding to loss and damage</a>, McNamara et al., <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> 10.3389/fclim.2024.1339915</p>
358. <hr />
359. <h3 style="text-align: left;"><a id="gov-ngo"></a>Articles/Reports from Agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations Addressing Aspects of Climate Change</h3>
360. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://emp.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/2024-04/Queued%20Up%202024%20Edition_1.pdf" target="_blank">Queued Up: 2024 Edition. Characteristics of Power Plants Seeking Transmission Interconnection As of the End of 2023</a>, </strong>Rand et al., <strong>Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</strong></p>
361. <blockquote>Electric transmission system operators (ISOs, RTOs, or utilities) require projects seeking to connect to the grid to undergo a series of impact studies before they can be built. This process establishes what new transmission equipment or upgrades may be needed before a project can connect to the system and assigns the costs of that equipment. The lists of projects in this process are known as “interconnection queues”. The authors compile and analyze interconnection queue data from all seven ISOs/RTOs alongside 44 non-ISO utilities, which collectively represent over 95% of the currently installed U.S. electric generating capacity. The total capacity active in the queues is growing year-over-year, with over 1,570 GW of generation and an estimated 1,030 GW of storage capacity as of the end of 2023. In total, over 1,480 GW of zero-carbon generating capacity is currently seeking transmission access. Solar (1,086 GW) accounts for the largest share of generation capacity in the queues. Substantial wind (366 GW) capacity is also seeking interconnection, 1/3 of which is for offshore projects (120 GW). Solar and battery storage are – by far – the fastest-growing resources in the queues. Combined, they account for over 80% of new capacity entering the queues in 2023.</blockquote>
362. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://documents.dps.ny.gov/public/Common/ViewDoc.aspx?DocRefId={206C9B8E-0000-C71B-9D56-532AB97A2C2D}" target="_blank">State of Storage In New York. Annual Energy Storage Deployment Report</a>, </strong><strong>New York State Department of Public Service</strong></p>
363. <blockquote>The New York State Public Service Commission's energy storage deployment policy has effectively strengthened the market for developing and installing qualified energy storage systems in New York. Total deployed (396 MW), awarded/contracted (581 MW) projects at the end of March 2024 equaled 977 MW in capacity, or about 65 percent of the 2025 target of 1,500 MW and 33 percent of the 2030 target of 3,000 MW. The number of energy storage projects in various interconnection queues, which reflects some of the awarded or contracted projects noted above and potential projects in the pipeline, also indicates robust activity in the industry. Over 38,000 MW of energy storage projects are presently in New York utility interconnection queues and the New York Independent System Operator interconnection queue, although some of these projects may not be built due to unfavorable project-specific economics and for other reasons.</blockquote>
364. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy24osti/85879.pdf" target="_blank">Achieving an 80% Renewable Portfolio in Alaska’s Railbelt: Cost Analysis</a>, </strong>Denholm et al., <strong>National Renewable Energy Laboratory</strong></p>
365. <blockquote>The Alaska Railbelt utilities face growing challenges because of the declining supply of natural gas from the Cook Inlet and substantial projected price increases. The Railbelt power system extends from Fairbanks through Anchorage to the Kenai Peninsula and consists of five utilities. Renewable energy in the form of wind and solar is a potentially cost-competitive option to reduce reliance on natural gas, which in 2022 provided nearly two-thirds of the Railbelt electricity demand. The authors examine the system-level costs and benefits of increased renewable energy deployment in the Railbelt grid in the context of a proposed 80% renewable portfolio standard (RPS). This work studies the period from 2024 to 2040 and uses a model that simulates the planning, evolution, and operation of the power system to identify the mix of resources that maintains system reliability at the lowest electricity system cost over the period of analysis.</blockquote>
366. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://restservice.epri.com/publicdownload/000000003002030215/0/Product" target="_blank">Valuing Improvements in Electric Vehicle Efficiency</a>, </strong>Cavanagh et al., <strong>Electric Power Research Institute and the Natural Resources Defense Council</strong></p>
367. <blockquote>The authors explore the fundamental role that future vehicle efficiency improvements—additional and complementary to electrification—can play in lessening infrastructure and energy needs and reducing consumer costs. Electrification by itself brings major energy savings and other benefits, but the additional and often-overlooked improvements considered here reduce the amount of electricity needed to power vehicles, which is projected to be a large future load. The authors characterize key automotive technology advances and examines their potential effects from the perspective of consumers, electricity and charging infrastructure providers, and automakers.</blockquote>
368. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://policy.friendsoftheearth.uk/insight/how-england-can-produce-more-onshore-renewable-energy-fast" target="_blank">How England can produce more onshore renewable energy fast</a>, </strong><strong>Friends of the Earth</strong></p>
369. <blockquote>Wind and solar farms are by far the cheapest forms of electricity production. For example, electricity from gas-fired power stations is almost 3 times more expensive to produce.?More renewable electricity production can therefore help lower energy bills. It will also reduce carbon emissions as it displaces gas-fired electricity and as transport and heating are electrified. Electrifying heating and transport are essential for meeting the UK’s international commitment to cut carbon emissions by 68% by 2030. The UK therefore needs a lot more renewable electricity.</blockquote>
370. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://depts.washington.edu/flame/mature_forests/pdfs/BraidingSweetgrassReport.pdf" target="_blank">Braiding Indigenous and Western Knowledge for Climate-Adapted Forests: An Ecocultural State of Science Report</a>, </strong>Eisenberg et al., <strong>US. Forest Service</strong></p>
371. <blockquote>North American forests are experiencing unprecedented challenges due to extreme wildfires, pathogen and insect outbreaks, heat stress, drought, rapid development, and invasive species. Exacerbated by climate change, these threats collectively diminish economic values, cultural values, and habitat. Particularly because of fire exclusion, contemporary and historical management policies are root causes of current forest conditions. Coupling Indigenous Knowledge (IK) with Western Science (WS) can catalyze proactive approaches to address threats to NA forests at meaningful scales. The authors recommend the following adaptive strategies to restore forest landscape resilience, adopt proactive stewardship; provide the flexibility to steward for dynamic landscapes and navigate uncertainties under rapidly changing conditions; ground agency planning and land and resource stewardship policies in ethics of reciprocity and responsibility to future generations; catalyze innovative approaches to forest stewardship by effectively funding adaptive forest stewardship and long-term monitoring at stand to landscape scales; and recognize and respect tribal sovereignty and indigenous knowledge.</blockquote>
372. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://globalenergymonitor.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Boom-Bust-Coal-2024.pdf" target="_blank">Boom and Bust Coal. Tracking the Global Coal Plant Pipeline</a>, </strong>Global Energy Monitor, <strong>Global Energy Monitor, CREA, E3G, Reclaim Finance, Sierra Club, SFOC, Kiko Network, CAN Europe, Bangladesh Groups, Trend Asia, Alliance for Climate Justice and Clean Energy, Chile Sustentable, POLEN Transiciones Justas, Iniciativa Climática de México, and Arayara</strong></p>
373. <blockquote>Despite promising momentum, the world’s operating coal power capacity has grown 11% since 2015 and global coal use and coal capacity reached an all time high in 2023. The global coal fleet grew by 48.4 gigawatts (GW), or 2%, in 2023 to a total of 2,130 GW, with China driving two-thirds of additions. Outside of China, the coal fleet also saw a small 4.7 GW uptick for the first time since 2019. Although new retirement plans and phaseout commitments continued to emerge, less coal capacity was retired in 2023 than in any other single year in more than a decade. Globally, 69.5 GW of capacity came online while 21.1 GW was retired, resulting in a net annual increase of 48.4 GW, the highest since 2016, bringing the global total capacity to 2,130 GW. China’s 70.2 GW of new construction starts in 2023 represents 19x more than the rest of the world’s 3.7 GW and is the country’s highest annual capacity breaking ground since 2015. Outside of China and India, total proposed coal capacity is at its lowest since data collection began in 2015.</blockquote>
374. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ifri_gherasim_global_gateway_2024.pdf" target="_blank">Global Gateway: Towards a European External Climate Security Strategy?</a>, </strong>Diana-Paula Gherasim, <strong>Center for Energy and Climate, French Institute for International Relations</strong></p>
375. <blockquote>Bridging the global infrastructure investment gap, especially in Africa, is paramount for achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The investment needs to be associated with the energy transitions and the fight against climate change further increases the financial gap for developing countries. Global Gateway puts principled connectivity at the core of the Europen Union's (EU) external action, linking geoeconomic and climate diplomacy with development policies under a Team Europe approach. Selected projects are to be driven both by the needs of partner countries and the EU’s interests. The aim is to mobilize 300 billion euros in investments by 2027 by using public funds to crowd in private investments. The private sector is to play a key role in shaping the Global Gateway actions. It remains to be seen if the Team Europe approach can make a difference at the required scale. Strategic adjustments could further unleash Global Gateway’s potential.</blockquote>
376. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://cgspace.cgiar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/44655f77-6744-453b-8225-1076a2107e06/content" target="_blank">Towards a Common Vision for Climate Change, Security and Migration in the Mediterranean</a>, </strong>Mastrorillo et al., <strong>Alliance Bioversity International and CIAT, CGIAR Focus Climate Security</strong></p>
377. <blockquote>The white paper is the result of a high-level discussion carried out at the event “Towards a Common Vision of the Climate, Migration, and Security Nexus in the Mediterranean Region,” organized by the CGIAR Focus Climate Security and the Alliance of Bioversity & CIAT and held in Rome in June 2023. The discussion collected opinions of scientists, politicians, experts, and representatives of relevant international organizations on the climate-security-mobility nexus in the Mediterranean. The purpose of the discussion was to analyze current and foreseen vulnerabilities, risks, and hazards affecting livelihoods in the region, and identify potential solutions and integrated approaches to increasing climate adaptation capacities, reducing involuntary and unsafe migration, and sustaining peace and stability.</blockquote>
378. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://pub.climate.win/solargap/" target="_blank">Closing NY’s Rooftop Solar Gap</a>, </strong>Rajan et al., <strong>Win Climate and Columbia Business School</strong></p>
379. <blockquote>New York has a large rooftop solar gap: homeowners with an annual income above $50,000 are 2.5x more likely to have rooftop solar than those making below $50,000, who do not always pay enough income tax to claim the full credit. New York’s solar tax credit is inequitable: households making less than $50,000 make up 24% of owner-occupied households in New York State, but have only received 5% of the state’s residential tax credit subsidies. Refundable tax credits make solar more affordable: refundable residential tax credits could benefit up to 63% of New York’s 1.4 million energy-burdened households, and would cut the cost of solar for the average low-income household by 48%, from $98 to $51 a month.</blockquote>
380. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://animal.law.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/Paris-compliant-livestock-report.pdf" target="_blank">Options for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector</a>, </strong>Harwatt et al., <strong>Harvard Law School</strong></p>
381. <blockquote>All aspects of society must be radically transformed to align with the global temperature limits of the Paris Agreement. Much of the political focus has been on the energy transition, however, a food transition is also needed – especially in highly emitting agricultural commodities from livestock production. The authors identify for the first time a potential Paris-compliant emissions trajectory for the livestock sector by eliciting responses from over 200 climate scientists and sustainable food/ agriculture experts based in 48 countries. Over 90% of participants focused the majority (51%) or some (40%) of their research on the causes, impacts, or mitigation of climate change, and most had 11 or more years of experience in their field.</blockquote>
382. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://gwec.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/GWR-2024_digital-version_final.pdf" target="_blank">Global Wind Energy Report 2024</a>, </strong>Lee et al., <strong>Suzlon, Masdar et al</strong></p>
383. <blockquote>The authors examine four areas – investment, supply chains, system infrastructure and public consensus – which will set the conditions for wind energy growth to take off through 2030 in pursuit of the tripling renewables goal. While not an exhaustive list, the authors consider these domains critical for meaningful engagement to mitigate the risks of an unstable and disorderly transition. This year’s report also delves into the potential pinch points that accompany the present-day technological era: a rapid innovation cycle in wind technology which undermines business profitability and risks product quality; interest groups actively using technology and social media to foment disinformation on climate change and renewables; robotics, artificial intelligence (AI) and automation introducing further disruptions to labor and workforce planning; and a digitalization gap between countries which impacts their capacity to allocate land, permit projects and operate smart, modern grids.</blockquote>
384. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://liftoff.energy.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Liftoff_Innovative-Grid-Deployment_Final_4.15.pdf" target="_blank">Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Innovative Grid Deployment</a>, </strong>White et al., <strong>Department of Energy</strong></p>
385. <blockquote>The authors focus on identifying pathways to accelerate deployment of key commercially available but underutilized advanced grid solutions on the existing transmission and distribution system to address near-term hotspots and modernize the grid to prepare for a wide range of energy futures.</blockquote>
386. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/ask-an-expert/" target="_blank">What do Americans want to know about climate change?</a>, </strong>Ballew et al., <strong>Yale University and George Mason University</strong></p>
387. <blockquote>In this analysis, the authors investigated how the questions people would ask an expert vary across different subgroups, including demographic and political groups and Global Warming’s Six Americas. The Six Americas framework categorizes people into six distinct audiences based on their opinions about climate change, ranging from the Alarmed (who are the most worried and supportive of action) to the Dismissive (who do not believe climate change is happening or human caused and are often opposed to action). Americans are most interested in learning about solutions to global warming (44%), followed by evidence that it is happening (20%) or information about the causes (18%). Fewer Americans (11%) would ask first about the impacts of global warming. The topics people would ask about differ across demographic and political groups.</blockquote>
388. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://live-etabiblio.pantheonsite.io/sites/default/files/ccsd_t2_results_summary_final.pdf" target="_blank">Perceptions of Large-Scale Solar Project Neighbors: Results From a National Survey</a>, </strong>Rand. et al, <strong>Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</strong></p>
389. <blockquote>Driven by favorable economics, policy factors, and decarbonization goals, large-scale solar (LSS, defined here as ground-mounted photovoltaic projects ≥1 MWDC) has expanded rapidly in recent years, with more than 90 gigawatts (GW) now installed across the United States. Growth in LSS deployment is anticipated to accelerate in response to growing electricity demand and utility, state, and federal decarbonization goals. This continued expansion hinges, in part, on the continued support of local residents and decision-makers in communities hosting LSS projects. Understanding the perceptions and attitudes of existing LSS neighbors is critical to inform and enable future LSS deployment, and to improve outcomes for those host communities.</blockquote>
390. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/FY25-CEA-OMB-Climate-Macro-White-Paper-Final-2.pdf" target="_blank">Assessing Methods to Integrate the Physical Risks and Transition Risks and Opportunities of Climate Change Into the President’s Macroeconomic Forecast</a>, </strong>Council of Economic Advisors and hte Office of Management and Budget, <strong>White House</strong></p>
391. <blockquote>The Federal government has broad exposure to the physical risks of climate change and the transition risks associated with the global shift away from carbon-intensive energy sources. At the same time, the shift to clean energy provides a generational opportunity to create new sources of economic growth. These transitional opportunities and challenges affect future output growth and other economic outcomes and are therefore relevant to the President’s Budget. Building on nearly three years of work completed under Section 6(a) of Executive Order 14030 on Climate-Related Financial Risk, the authors present a step-by-step method for quantifying these risks and opportunities into a macroeconomic forecasting framework with the goal of more accurately projecting near-term macroeconomic outcomes relevant to the President’s Budget. For each step, the authors assess available tools, methodological tradeoffs, and directions for further research based on the current literature.</blockquote>
392. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/2024-04/toward-better-meat_0.pdf?VersionId=ItFgDvM8QzaofUK6tvWrl_OtmK8dexFx" target="_blank">Toward "Better" Meat? Aligning Meat Sourcing Strategies with Corporate Climate and Sustainability Goals</a>, </strong>Waite et al., <strong>World Resources Institute</strong></p>
393. <blockquote>The authors focus on assisting consumer-facing food companies with climate and other sustainability goals that plan to source not only “less meat” but also “better meat.” Because “better meat” has many meanings, the authors review evidence of the links between meat production, climate change, and other aspects of sustainability, looking across production practices and systems. They recommend six steps to help food companies meet multiple sustainability goals, from environmental effects measurement and sourcing strategy design to supplier engagement.</blockquote>
394. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/sabin_climate_change/220/" target="_blank">Illuminating a Path to a Cleaner and More Resilient Energy System in Cuba</a>, </strong>Silverman-Roati et al., <strong>abin Center for Climate Change Law and Environmental Defense Fund</strong></p>
395. <blockquote>The report provides detailed information on the current state of Cuba’s electricity sector and recommends reforms to advance the transition to a lower emission, reliable, and more climate resilient system. The recommendations include possible changes to Cuban domestic policies to, among other things, encourage greater public and private investment in the country’s energy transition. The report also explores how a bilateral dialogue between the U.S. and Cuban governments could help to drive renewable energy development in the island nation, in a manner that benefits the Cuban people as well as the interests of people throughout the region.</blockquote>
396. <hr />
397. <h3>Obtaining articles without journal subscriptions</h3>
398. <p>We know it's frustrating that many articles we cite here are not free to read. One-off paid access fees are generally astronomically priced, suitable for such as <em>"<a href="https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol2-trans/100" target="_blank">On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light</a>" </em> but not as a gamble on unknowns. With a median world income of US$ 9,373, for most of us US$ 42 is significant money to wager on an article's relevance and importance. </p>
399. <ul>
400. <li><a href="https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/competitions/finding-and-accessing-scientific-papers">Here's an excellent collection</a> of tips and techniques for obtaining articles, legally.</li>
401. </ul>
402. <ul>
403. <li><a href="https://unpaywall.org/" target="_blank">Unpaywall</a> offers a browser extension for Chrome and Firefox that automatically indicates when an article is freely accessible and provides immediate access without further trouble. Unpaywall is also unscammy, works well, is itself offered free to use. The organizers (a legitimate nonprofit) report about a 50% success rate</li>
404. </ul>
405. <ul>
406. <li>The weekly <em>New Research</em> catch is checked against the Unpaywall database with accessible items being flagged. Especially for just-published articles this mechansim may fail. If you're interested in an article title and it is not listed here as "open access," be sure to check the link anyway. </li>
407. </ul>
408. <h3>How is <em>New Research</em> assembled?</h3>
409. <p>Most articles appearing here are found via  RSS feeds from journal publishers, filtered by search terms to produce raw output for assessment of relevance. </p>
410. <p>Relevant articles are then queried against the Unpaywall database, to identify open access articles and expose useful metadata for articles appearing in the database. </p>
411. <p>The objective of New Research isn't to cast a tinge on scientific results, to color readers' impressions. Hence candidate articles are assessed via two metrics only:</p>
412. <ul>
413. <li>Was an article deemed of sufficient merit by a team of journal editors and peer reviewers? The fact of journal RSS output assigns a "yes" to this automatically. </li>
414. <li>Is an article relevant to the topic of anthropogenic climate change? Due to filter overlap with other publication topics of inquiry, of a typical week's 550 or so input articles about 1/4 of RSS output makes the cut.</li>
415. </ul>
416. <p>A few journals offer public access to "preprint" versions of articles for which the review process is not yet complete. For some key journals this all the mention we'll see in RSS feeds, so we include such items in <em>New Research</em>. These are flagged as "preprint."</p>
417. <p>The section "Informed opinion, nudges & major initiatives" includes some items that are not scientific research per se but fall instead into the category of "perspectives," observations of implications of research findings, areas needing attention, etc.</p>
418. <h3>Suggestions</h3>
419. <p>Please let us know if you're aware of an article you think may be of interest for Skeptical Science research news, or if we've missed something that may be important. Send your input to Skeptical Science via our <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/contact.php">contact form</a>.</p>
420. <h3>Journals covered</h3>
421. <p>A list of journals we cover may be found <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/Skeptical-Science-New-Research-Source-Journals.shtml">here</a>. We welcome pointers to omissions, new journals etc.</p>
422. <h3>Previous edition</h3>
423. &lt;p&gt;The previous edition of &lt;em&gt;Skeptical Science New Research&lt;/em&gt; may be found &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2024_15.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
424. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2024_16.html</link>
425. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2024_16.html</guid>
426. <pubDate>Thu, 18 Apr 2024 15:06:38 EST</pubDate>
427. </item>  <item>
428. <title>How extreme was the Earth's temperature in 2023</title>
429. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;This is a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/how-extreme-was-the-earths-temperature"&gt;re-post from Andrew Dessler at the Climate Brink blog&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
430. <p><span>In 2023, the Earth reached temperature levels unprecedented in modern times. Given that, it’s reasonable to ask: What’s going on? There’s been lots of </span><a rel="" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00816-z">discussions by scientists</a><span> about whether this is just the normal progression of global warming or if something we don’t understand is happening — in other words, we’ve broken the climate.</span></p>
431. <div class="captioned-image-container">
432. <div class="image2-inset"><img class="sizing-normal" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55f4decd-24cb-4030-bd9d-99f4eeca3884_1053x715.png" alt="" width="550" height="373" data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/55f4decd-24cb-4030-bd9d-99f4eeca3884_1053x715.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":715,"width":1053,"resizeWidth":616,"bytes":179215,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":false,"topImage":true,"internalRedirect":null}" /></div>
433. <em>from the <a rel="" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/01/09/record-hot-year-2023-global-temperatures/">Washington Post</a></em></div>
434. <p>In this post, I compare the observational temperature record to an ensemble of state-of-the-art CMIP6 models to see exactly how unusual 2023 was. It turns out that 2023 is just not that unusual when compared to the model ensemble.</p>
435. <p><span>Let’s start with observations. I’m going to be using the </span><a rel="" href="https://berkeleyearth.org/data/">Berkeley Earth global average temperature data</a><span>. In that data set, 2023 was a record-breaking 1.54C above the 1850-1900 average temperature. This temperature exceeded the previous record (set in 2016) by 0.17C.</span></p>
436. <p>Beating the previous record by 0.17C is huge: if we look at the temperature observations since 1970, the margin by which records were broken averaged 0.07C, with a median of 0.05C. And no record in the last 50 years had a margin larger than 0.17C.</p>
437. <p>What does the climate model ensemble show? I have analyzed 38 CMIP6 models over the period 1970-2030 driven by historical and SSP4.5 forcing. Here is a plot of the biggest margin for a record year vs. the year that record occurred:</p>
438. <!--more-->
439. <div class="captioned-image-container">
440. <div class="image2-inset"><img class="sizing-normal" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8078b7e-1e44-4714-ba87-af1e0ad9d8c7_586x438.png" alt="" width="550" height="411" data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d8078b7e-1e44-4714-ba87-af1e0ad9d8c7_586x438.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":438,"width":586,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":26649,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":false,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":null}" /></div>
441. <em>based on CMIP6 models; each dot is one model; the orange cross is from the Berkeley Earth observations</em></div>
442. <p><span>As you can see, the record-breaking margin of 2023, 0.17C, was actually quite modest compared to the climate model ensemble. One model had a year that broke the previous record by nearly 0.45C — all I can say is </span><em>holy crap</em><span>, let’s hope that doesn’t happen in the real world.</span></p>
443. <p><span>A lot was also made of the fact that 2023 was the first year with a global average temperature anomaly to exceed 1.5C (in some data sets, at least). How unusual is that? Again, we can look at the models to see when they had their first year above 1.5C (as before, relative to the 1850-1900 baseline)</span><span class="footnote-hovercard-target"><a id="footnote-anchor-1-143129579" class="footnote-anchor" rel="" href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/how-extreme-was-the-earths-temperature#footnote-1-143129579" target="_self" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM">1</a></span><span>.</span></p>
444. <div class="captioned-image-container">
445. <div class="image2-inset"><img class="sizing-normal" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc548f1b2-75df-49dc-b8ee-4a729b90b072_669x288.png" alt="" width="550" height="237" data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c548f1b2-75df-49dc-b8ee-4a729b90b072_669x288.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":288,"width":669,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":12832,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":null}" /></div>
446. <em>the black arrows indicate where a CMIP6 model passes 1.5C threshold relative to the 1850-1900 baseline, the red arrow is the Berkeley Earth observations</em></div>
447. <p>The median date for the model ensemble to have its first year above 1.5C is 2024, very close to when we actually did (2023). Thus, the model ensemble seems to be simulating the warming pretty accurately. And the ensemble does equally well for a more modern baseline, like 1970-1990.</p>
448. <div class="captioned-image-container">
449. <div class="image2-inset"><img class="sizing-normal" title="Image" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F47c5f627-406b-434a-be09-a196f8376f95_1699x762.jpeg" alt="Image" width="550" height="247" data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/47c5f627-406b-434a-be09-a196f8376f95_1699x762.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":653,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":null,"alt":"Image","title":null,"type":null,"href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":null}" /></div>
450. <em>no</em></div>
451. <p><span>Many others have looked at different aspects of the problem and reached similar conclusions. Here’s a plot that Zeke </span><a rel="" href="https://x.com/hausfath/status/1770910524168949945?s=20">posted on Twitter</a><span> that shows that the observed temperature time series still falls within the range of models.</span></p>
452. <div class="captioned-image-container">
453. <div class="image2-inset"><img class="sizing-normal" title="Image" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fbeaa5d-7885-4224-95aa-f5a3cf7dfc37_4096x1990.jpeg" alt="Image" width="550" height="267" data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0fbeaa5d-7885-4224-95aa-f5a3cf7dfc37_4096x1990.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":707,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":null,"alt":"Image","title":null,"type":null,"href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":null}" /></div>
454. </div>
455. <p>This doesn’t mean we know everything about the climate of 2023. The extreme warmth was definitely surprising given the state of the climate in 2022, so important work remains to be done on understanding the physical mechanisms that were driving this record-breaking year.</p>
456. &lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;But the real test of our climate understanding will come in the next few years. If global temperatures drop after the current El Ni&amp;ntilde;o fades, as expected, 2023&amp;rsquo;s high temperatures will be seen as an unusual blip in the long-term evolution of the climate (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a rel="" href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/the-pause-vs-the-surge"&gt;like &amp;ldquo;the pause&amp;rdquo; that occurred in the 2000s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;). However, if temperatures stay high or, heaven forbid, keep rapidly warming, it would suggest that we&amp;rsquo;ve broken the climate system. Let&amp;rsquo;s hope that doesn&amp;rsquo;t happen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
457. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/how-extreme-temperature-2023.html</link>
458. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/how-extreme-temperature-2023.html</guid>
459. <pubDate>Wed, 17 Apr 2024 15:22:26 EST</pubDate>
460. </item>  <item>
461. <title>What is Mexico doing about climate change?</title>
462. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;This is a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2024/04/what-is-mexico-doing-about-climate-change/"&gt;re-post from Yale Climate Connections&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
463. <p class="has-drop-cap">The June general election in Mexico could mark a turning point in ensuring that the country’s climate policies better reflect the desire of its citizens to address the climate crisis, with both leading presidential candidates expressing support for renewable energy.</p>
464. <p>Mexico is the 10th-most populated country with the 15th-largest economy and is also the 11th-most climate-polluting country in the world.</p>
465. <p>In international surveys conducted in <a href="https://www.nber.org/papers/w30265">2022</a> and <a href="https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/international-public-opinion-on-climate-change-2023/">2023</a>, Mexico had one of the highest percentages of citizens worried about human-caused climate change at 92%, compared to just 63% of Americans.* And 88% of Mexican respondents reported that they consider climate change an important issue that their country should address as a priority, compared to just 58% of Americans. This concern may reflect that Mexico is highly vulnerable to droughts, heat waves, hurricanes, flooding, and food and water insecurity worsened by climate change.</p>
466. <p>But the Mexican government’s climate policy record has been inconsistent. At times, the country’s leaders have taken steps toward reducing its share of climate pollution, but its current and outgoing president Andrés Manuel López Obrador, commonly known by his initials AMLO, has tended to prioritize domestic fossil fuel resources over low-carbon alternatives.</p>
467. <p>Mexico will hold its next general election on June 2, 2024. Voters will select the next president, who will succeed AMLO in October of this year.</p>
468. <!--more-->
469. <h4 class="wp-block-heading">A potential turning point</h4>
470. <p>The leading presidential candidate, with about 60% support in polling, is <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/01/world/americas/mexico-election-amlo-sheinbaum-galvez.html">Claudia Sheinbaum</a>. She’s the former leader of Mexico City and an AMLO protégée, but also a scientist with a Ph.D. in environmental engineering who co-authored chapters in the Fourth and Fifth IPCC reports. She also <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/mexicos-sheinbaum-spurs-hope-more-private-investment-energy-after-lopez-obrador-2023-12-21/">plans to encourage private investment in renewable energy in Mexico</a>.</p>
471. <p>Her closest opponent in the <a href="https://oraculus.mx/presidente2024/">polls</a>, with 35% support, is Xóchitl Gálvez, who has expressed an even more pro-clean energy position, <a href="https://www.climatechangenews.com/2023/09/07/mexico-elections-claudia-sheinbaum-xochitl-galvez/">declaring</a> that she would end the country’s addiction to fossil fuels.</p>
472. <h4 class="wp-block-heading">A brief history of Mexican climate leadership</h4>
473. <p>Felipe Calderón was elected Mexican president for the 2006-2012 term (the Mexican constitution limits each president to a single six-year term). He had served as the country’s energy secretary in 2003-2004 and recognized the importance of addressing climate change. Under Calderón’s leadership, Mexico adopted a voluntary climate mitigation target in 2008 and passed a <a href="https://www.iea.org/policies/8683-general-law-of-climate-change-mexico">General Law on Climate Change</a> in 2012. Among other provisions, the law set targets to generate at least 35% of power with clean technologies by 2024 and to reduce climate pollution 30% below business-as-usual levels by 2020 and 50% below 2000 levels by 2050. Unfortunately, the former two goals have slipped out of reach.</p>
474. <p>Calderón’s successor Enrique Peña Nieto had a more mixed record on climate and energy policy. His government passed <a href="https://climate-laws.org/document/special-tax-law-on-production-and-services-carbon-tax-and-credits_effc">a tax on carbon pollution</a>, but it only applies to the additional emissions generated by burning coal or oil instead of natural gas. Peña Nieto signed a constitutional <a href="https://climate-laws.org/document/energy-reform-package_20c2">Reform on Energy</a> that was aimed at loosening the state-owned Federal Electricity Commission’s (CFE’s) monopoly over the national power sector, which has historically relied heavily on fossil fuels. That move opened up Mexico’s electricity generation to private clean energy investment, and also its oil and gas reserves to external investors.</p>
475. <p>But AMLO moved to reverse those reforms when he replaced Peña Nieto in 2018, and he worked to maintain CFE’s share of Mexico’s power generation at a minimum of 54%. Clean energy investments in Mexico often come from foreign companies, and <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/mexican-lawmakers-vote-presidents-contentious-electricity-overhaul-2022-04-17/">AMLO has expressed a preference for national ‘energy independence,’</a> which tends to favor domestic fossil fuel sources, which are also significant contributors to the federal budget. In fact, <a href="https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2020/05/21/nothing-can-shake-amlos-fossil-fuel-fixation">his energy ministry published rules</a> for the national grid that would have prioritized energy security and fuel reserves (fossil fuels) over economic efficiency (cheaper wind and solar power). The <a href="https://apnews.com/article/mexico-power-sales-unconstitutional-060ab7b4918d6af511a610088f167655">Supreme Court of Mexico recently voided those rules</a>.</p>
476. <p>That decision leaves Mexico’s energy and climate path at an important inflection point with a big election just a few months away.</p>
477. <h4 class="wp-block-heading"><span>Mexico’s current climate status</span></h4>
478. <p>Mexico’s climate pollution predominantly comes from three sectors: transportation (30%), power (29%), and industry (27%). The country’s power sector emissions have been rising, especially over the past two years as the government has prioritized fossil fuels and drought has reduced its hydroelectricity production. Mexico’s share of clean electricity generation <a href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/mexicos-energy-transition-hits-reverse-2023-2024-02-13/">fell below 22% in 2023</a> after peaking at 27% in 2021 and thus will surely fall short of the 35% clean power target by 2024 set in its 2012 climate law. Most of the country’s power comes from natural gas, and more than three-quarters is produced by burning fossil fuels. As a result, Mexico’s overall climate pollution has risen about 33% above 2000 levels.</p>
479. <p><img class="perfmatters-lazy entered pmloaded" title="" src="https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/null.png?w=780&ssl=1" alt="A graph of fossil fuel emission in Mexico, from 1900 to 2024. " width="550" data-recalc-dims="1" data-src="https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/null.png?w=780&ssl=1" data-ll-status="loaded" /><em>Mexican annual fossil fuel greenhouse gas emissions. Created by Dana Nuccitelli with <a href="https://explore.globalcarbonbudgetdata.org/timeseries.html">data from Global Carbon Budget</a>.</em></p>
480. <p>Climate Action Tracker, an independent project that monitors whether governments’ actions measure up to the goals outlined in the Paris climate agreement, gave Mexico’s climate policies its worst rating of “<a href="https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/mexico/">critically insufficient</a>” due to a lack of ambition and weakening of policies and targets under AMLO’s leadership. The project noted, “If all countries were to follow Mexico’s approach, warming would exceed 4°C” — <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/climate-best-to-worst-case-scenarios.html">a catastrophic level of global warming</a>.</p>
481. <p>According to the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, Mexico is also highly vulnerable to climate change impacts, <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/chapter/chapter-14/">especially extreme heat and drought</a>, which could lead to food and water insecurity. Mexico City, which is the seventh-most populated city in the world with over 21 million residents, is <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/25/climate/mexico-city-water-crisis-climate-intl/index.html">already in danger of running out of water</a>. A <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-021-01000-1">2021 study</a> estimated that climate change has so far reduced Mexican agricultural productivity by about 25-30%, and a <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1002632107">2010 paper</a> suggested that these effects could lead to millions of Mexican climate immigrants coming to the U.S. border by 2080.</p>
482. <h4 class="wp-block-heading">A potential 2024 inflection</h4>
483. <p>Mexico has made little progress toward reducing emissions from its transportation sector, and electric vehicles account for just 0.26% of new car sales. But that could change relatively soon, as Chinese electric vehicle maker BYD has announced <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/chinese-carmaker-byd-launches-low-cost-dolphin-mini-ev-mexico-2024-02-28/">plans to build a factory in Mexico</a>. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_income">median income</a> in Mexico is only about $6,000, which is about five to 10 times lower than that in the United States depending on how it’s measured, and so bringing BYD’s relatively cheap cars to the Mexico market could significantly increase electric vehicle adoption in the country. Mexico’s energy regulator will also have to <a href="https://www.bnamericas.com/en/features/mexico-unable-to-move-on-ev-charging-stations-despite-manufacturer-requests">issue guidelines</a> to allow for the installation of more charging stations.</p>
484. <p>A <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-14048-7">2020 paper published in Nature</a> found that Mexico’s climate policies have tended to follow its National Development Plans. These are plans published during the first year of the new government to specify the national objectives, strategy, and priorities for Mexico’s development. The 2006 National Development Plan was the first to characterize climate change as an unequivocal environmental problem and to include targeted actions, and the Calderón government followed suit. The 2012 National Development Plan somewhat de-emphasized climate change, and the Peña Nieto government had a more mixed climate record. The 2019 plan included a section about rescuing the CFE from an onslaught of private energy investments, which became a focus of AMLO’s government to the detriment of clean energy production.</p>
485. <p>“Right now, nongovernmental actors are creating a proposal for the <a href="https://www.mexicoresiliente.org/">Plan Nacional de Descarbonización y Resiliencia Climática 2024-2030</a> [National Decarbonization and Climate Resilience Plan],” the 2020 Nature study’s lead author Arturo Balderas Torres wrote in an email. “Ideally any candidate who wins the election should commit to this proposal that is being generated in an unprecedented participatory way and include its proposals in the new NDP.”</p>
486. &lt;p&gt;In short, Mexico is a highly climate-vulnerable country with a very climate-concerned population. Its leadership has thus far taken insufficient steps toward addressing the climate crisis, but 2024 could change the trajectory of Mexico&amp;rsquo;s climate policies and clean technology solutions.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
487. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/what-is-mexico-doing.html</link>
488. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/what-is-mexico-doing.html</guid>
489. <pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2024 13:36:01 EST</pubDate>
490. </item>  <item>
491. <title>At a glance - The difference between weather and climate</title>
492. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;On February 14, 2023 we announced our &lt;a href="https://sks.to/at-a-glance" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rebuttal Update Project&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. This included an &lt;strong&gt;ask for feedback&lt;/strong&gt; about the added "At a glance" section in the updated basic rebuttal versions. This weekly blog post series highlights this new section of one of the updated basic rebuttal versions and serves as a "bump" for our ask. This week features "&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/weather-forecasts-vs-climate-models-predictions-basic.htm" target="_blank"&gt;The difference between weather and climate&lt;/a&gt;". More will follow in the upcoming weeks. Please follow the Further Reading link at the bottom to read the full rebuttal and to join the discussion in the comment thread there.&lt;/p&gt;
493. <p><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/FactMythBoxes-Weather-570px.jpg" alt="Fact-Myth-Box" width="570" height="320" /></p>
494. <h2>At a glance</h2>
495. <p>How do you go about weather forecasting by yourself? Study the computer models. With experience, you will become familiar with the art - for it takes human interpretation of model output to make the calls. That's what weathermen do.</p>
496. <p>Forecast model output is freely available online and covers many parameters - pressure, temperature, rainfall and a myriad of others. Different models extend to different end-times - the Global Forecasting System (GFS) extends to T+ 384 hours or 16 days, for example. Pressure, or synoptic charts as they are known, portray the positions and subsequent developments of high and low pressure systems over large swathes of the planet.</p>
497. <p>Models are run several times a day. If you examine synoptic charts for the same run of several different models, you will see they all look very similar to start with. But if you then follow them through successive time-points - T+24, 48, 72 hours and so on, there will come a point where you start to notice slight and then larger differences between them. This divergence is where confidence in forecasting falls right away.</p>
498. <p>Forecasting - interpreting the GFS and other model output - is about working with uncertainty in the highly dynamic and to an extent chaotic medium that is our atmosphere. But with experience, you can do your own short term forecasting too, at least for the coming 3-5 days.</p>
499. <p>Longer-term weather forecasting a week or more in advance is about stating probabilities, not saying what will happen. Very different things. Serious amateur forecasters stick to the shorter, next few days bracket, if they want to avoid egg on their faces. There are a few out there who often make wild claims that usually fail to be borne out by reality. Unfortunately, sections of the more populist media happily quote them. It generates click-baity headlines.</p>
500. <p>Now, what about climate? Climate differs from weather because it includes certain highly deterministic drivers. Deterministic means they evolve independently of weather but can change the physical conditions on Earth from state A to state B. Cyclic variations in Earth's orbit of the Sun, operating over tens of thousands of years, are a good example. They may only drive average planetary temperature changes of a few degrees Celsius, upwards or downwards. But with the help of climate feedbacks, that is enough to have caused past ice-ages - and to have gotten us out of them again.</p>
501. <p>Changes in the strength of Earth's greenhouse effect are likewise deterministic, but to a far greater extent. They have forced past transitions from the Hothouse to the Icehouse climate state. Hothouse, by the way, is an ice-free Earth. Because we know how the greenhouse effect works, we can say with confidence that intensifying its strength will cause global temperatures to rise over centuries. What we cannot say is what weather will occur on a certain day at a certain place, decades from now. But there's a handy saying to cover that: "climate trains the boxer, but the weather throws the punches". <em>(Deke Arndt, Climate Monitoring Branch Chief, NCDC, 2010)</em></p>
502. <p class="bluebox"><em><strong><em>Please use <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/weather-forecasts-vs-climate-models-predictions-basic.htm" target="_blank">this form</a> to provide feedback about this new "At a glance" section. Read a more technical version below or dig deeper via the tabs above!</em></strong></em></p>
503. <hr />
504. <h2><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/weather-forecasts-vs-climate-models-predictions-basic.htm#FurtherDetails">Click for Further details</a></h2>
505. <!--more-->
506. <p>In case you'd like to explore more of our recently updated rebuttals, here are the links to all of them:</p>
507. <table border="0">
508. <tbody>
509. <tr>
510. <td><strong>Myths with link to rebuttal</strong></td>
511. <td><strong>Short URLs</strong></td>
512. </tr>
513. <tr>
514. <td><a href="https://sks.to/1970s" target="_blank">Ice age predicted in the 1970s</a></td>
515. <td>sks.to/1970s</td>
516. </tr>
517. <tr>
518. <td><a href="https://sks.to/1998" target="_blank">It hasn't warmed since 1998</a></td>
519. <td>sks.to/1998</td>
520. </tr>
521. <tr>
522. <td><a href="https://sks.to/antarctica" target="_blank">Antarctica is gaining ice</a></td>
523. <td>sks.to/antarctica</td>
524. </tr>
525. <tr>
526. <td><a href="https://sks.to/climategate" target="_blank">CRU emails suggest conspiracy</a></td>
527. <td>sks.to/climategate</td>
528. </tr>
529. <tr>
530. <td><a href="https://sks.to/hockey" target="_blank">What evidence is there for the hockey stick</a></td>
531. <td>sks.to/hockey</td>
532. </tr>
533. <tr>
534. <td><a href="https://sks.to/lag" target="_blank">CO<sub>2</sub> lags temperature</a></td>
535. <td>sks.to/lag</td>
536. </tr>
537. <tr>
538. <td><a href="https://sks.to/past" target="_blank">Climate's changed before</a></td>
539. <td>sks.to/past</td>
540. </tr>
541. <tr>
542. <td><a href="https://sks.to/sun" target="_blank">It's the sun</a></td>
543. <td>sks.to/sun</td>
544. </tr>
545. <tr>
546. <td><a href="https://sks.to/temp" target="_blank">Temperature records are unreliable</a></td>
547. <td>sks.to/temp</td>
548. </tr>
549. <tr>
550. <td><a href="https://sks.to/thermo" target="_blank">The greenhouse effect and the 2nd law of thermodynamics</a></td>
551. <td>sks.to/thermo</td>
552. </tr>
553. <tr>
554. <td><a href="https://sks.to/iceage" target="_blank">We're heading into an ice age</a></td>
555. <td>sks.to/iceage</td>
556. </tr>
557. <tr>
558. <td><a href="https://sks.to/impacts" target="_blank">Positives and negatives of global warming</a></td>
559. <td>sks.to/impacts</td>
560. </tr>
561. <tr>
562. <td><a href="https://sks.to/consensus" target="_blank">The 97% consensus on global warming</a></td>
563. <td>sks.to/consensus</td>
564. </tr>
565. <tr>
566. <td><a href="https://sks.to/cooling" target="_blank">Global cooling - Is global warming still happening?</a></td>
567. <td>sks.to/cooling</td>
568. </tr>
569. <tr>
570. <td><a href="https://sks.to/model" target="_blank">How reliable are climate models?</a></td>
571. <td>sks.to/model</td>
572. </tr>
573. <tr>
574. <td><a href="https://sks.to/species" target="_blank">Can animals and plants adapt to global warming?</a></td>
575. <td>sks.to/species</td>
576. </tr>
577. <tr>
578. <td><a href="https://sks.to/cosmic" target="_blank">What's the link between cosmic rays and climate change?</a></td>
579. <td>sks.to/cosmic</td>
580. </tr>
581. <tr>
582. <td><a href="https://sks.to/gore" target="_blank">Is Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth accurate?</a></td>
583. <td>sks.to/gore</td>
584. </tr>
585. <tr>
586. <td><a href="https://sks.to/glacier" target="_blank">Are glaciers growing or retreating?</a></td>
587. <td>sks.to/glacier</td>
588. </tr>
589. <tr>
590. <td><a href="https://sks.to/acid" target="_blank">Ocean acidification: global warming's evil twin</a></td>
591. <td>sks.to/acid</td>
592. </tr>
593. <tr>
594. <td><a href="https://sks.to/agw" target="_blank">The human fingerprint in global warming</a></td>
595. <td>sks.to/agw</td>
596. </tr>
597. <tr>
598. <td><a href="https://sks.to/evidence" target="_blank">Empirical evidence that humans are causing global warming</a></td>
599. <td>sks.to/evidence</td>
600. </tr>
601. <tr>
602. <td><a href="https://sks.to/greenhouse" target="_blank">How do we know more CO<sub>2</sub> is causing warming?</a></td>
603. <td>sks.to/greenhouse</td>
604. </tr>
605. <tr>
606. <td><a href="https://sks.to/vapor" target="_blank">Explaining how the water vapor greenhouse effect works</a></td>
607. <td>sks.to/vapor</td>
608. </tr>
609. <tr>
610. <td><a href="https://sks.to/OISM" target="_blank">The tricks employed by the flawed OISM Petition Project to cast doubt on the scientific consensus on climate change</a></td>
611. <td>sks.to/OISM</td>
612. </tr>
613. <tr>
614. <td><a href="https://sks.to/extreme" target="_blank">Is extreme weather caused by global warming?</a></td>
615. <td>sks.to/extreme</td>
616. </tr>
617. <tr>
618. <td><a href="https://sks.to/trace" target="_blank">How substances in trace amounts can cause large effects</a></td>
619. <td>sks.to/trace</td>
620. </tr>
621. <tr>
622. <td><a href="https://sks.to/sealevel" target="_blank">How much is sea level rising?</a></td>
623. <td>sks.to/sealevel</td>
624. </tr>
625. <tr>
626. <td><a href="https://sks.to/pollutant" target="_blank">Is CO<sub>2</sub> a pollutant?</a></td>
627. <td>sks.to/pollutant</td>
628. </tr>
629. <tr>
630. <td><a href="https://sks.to/cold" target="_blank">Does cold weather disprove global warming?</a></td>
631. <td>sks.to/cold</td>
632. </tr>
633. <tr>
634. <td><a href="https://sks.to/volcano" target="_blank">Do volcanoes emit more CO<sub>2</sub> than humans?</a></td>
635. <td>sks.to/volcano</td>
636. </tr>
637. <tr>
638. <td><a href="https://sks.to/co2" target="_blank">How do human CO<sub>2</sub> emissions compare to natural CO2 emissions?</a></td>
639. <td>sks.to/co2</td>
640. </tr>
641. <tr>
642. <td><a href="https://sks.to/money" target="_blank">Climate scientists could make more money in other careers</a></td>
643. <td>sks.to/money</td>
644. </tr>
645. <tr>
646. <td><a href="https://sks.to/co2data" target="_blank">How reliable are CO<sub>2</sub> measurements?</a></td>
647. <td>sks.to/co2data</td>
648. </tr>
649. <tr>
650. <td><a href="https://sks.to/pastco2" target="_blank">Do high levels of CO<sub>2</sub> in the past contradict the warming effect of CO<sub>2</sub>?</a></td>
651. <td>sks.to/pastco2</td>
652. </tr>
653. <tr>
654. <td><a href="https://sks.to/cloud" target="_blank">What is the net feedback of clouds?</a></td>
655. <td>sks.to/cloud</td>
656. </tr>
657. <tr>
658. <td><a href="https://sks.to/name" target="_blank">Global warming vs climate change</a></td>
659. <td>sks.to/name</td>
660. </tr>
661. <tr>
662. <td><a href="https://sks.to/mars" target="_blank">Is Mars warming?</a></td>
663. <td>sks.to/mars</td>
664. </tr>
665. <tr>
666. <td><a href="https://sks.to/underestimat" target="_blank">How the IPCC is more likely to underestimate the climate response</a></td>
667. <td>sks.to/underestimat</td>
668. </tr>
669. <tr>
670. <td><a href="https://sks.to/sensitivity" target="_blank">How sensitive is our climate?</a></td>
671. <td>sks.to/sensitivity</td>
672. </tr>
673. <tr>
674. <td><a href="https://sks.to/warming" target="_blank">Evidence for global warming</a></td>
675. <td>sks.to/warming</td>
676. </tr>
677. <tr>
678. <td><a href="https://sks.to/falsify" target="_blank">Has the greenhouse effect been falsified?</a></td>
679. <td>sks.to/falsify</td>
680. </tr>
681. <tr>
682. <td><a href="https://sks.to/breath" target="_blank">Does breathing contribute to CO<sub>2</sub> buildup in the atmosphere?</a></td>
683. <td>sks.to/breath</td>
684. </tr>
685. <tr>
686. <td><a href="https://sks.to/CO2increase" target="_blank">What is causing the increase in atmospheric CO2?</a></td>
687. <td>sks.to/CO2increase</td>
688. </tr>
689. <tr>
690. <td><a href="https://sks.to/methane" target="_blank">What is methane's contribution to global warming?</a></td>
691. <td>sks.to/methane</td>
692. </tr>
693. <tr>
694. <td><a href="https://sks.to/plant" target="_blank">Plants cannot live on CO2 alone</a></td>
695. <td>sks.to/plant</td>
696. </tr>
697. <tr>
698. <td><a href="https://sks.to/saturate" target="_blank">Is the CO2 effect saturated?</a></td>
699. <td>sks.to/saturate</td>
700. </tr>
701. <tr>
702. <td><a href="https://sks.to/waste" target="_blank">Greenhouse warming 100 times greater than waste heat</a></td>
703. <td>sks.to/waste</td>
704. </tr>
705. <tr>
706. <td><a href="https://sks.to/bear" target="_blank">How will global warming affect polar bears?</a></td>
707. <td>sks.to/bear</td>
708. </tr>
709. <tr>
710. <td><a href="https://sks.to/venus" target="_blank">The runaway greenhouse effect on Venus</a></td>
711. <td>sks.to/venus</td>
712. </tr>
713. <tr>
714. <td><a href="https://sks.to/planets" target="_blank">What climate change is happening to other planets in the solar system?</a></td>
715. <td>sks.to/planets</td>
716. </tr>
717. <tr>
718. <td><a href="https://sks.to/arctic" target="_blank">Has Arctic sea ice returned to normal?</a></td>
719. <td>sks.to/arctic</td>
720. </tr>
721. <tr>
722. <td><a href="https://sks.to/green" target="_blank">Was Greenland really green in the past?</a></td>
723. <td>sks.to/green</td>
724. </tr>
725. <tr>
726. <td><a href="https://sks.to/greenland" target="_blank">Is Greenland gaining or losing ice?</a></td>
727. <td>sks.to/greenland</td>
728. </tr>
729. <tr>
730. <td><a href="https://sks.to/arcticcycle" target="_blank">Human activity is driving retreat of Arctic sea ice</a></td>
731. <td>sks.to/arcticcycle</td>
732. </tr>
733. <tr>
734. <td><a href="https://sks.to/albedo" target="_blank">The albedo effect and global warming</a></td>
735. <td>sks.to/albedo</td>
736. </tr>
737. <tr>
738. <td><a href="https://sks.to/correlate" target="_blank">Does CO2 always correlate with temperature?</a></td>
739. <td>sks.to/correlate</td>
740. </tr>
741. <tr>
742. <td><a href="https://sks.to/cycle" target="_blank">Human fingerprints on climate change rule out natural cycles</a></td>
743. <td>sks.to/cycle</td>
744. </tr>
745. <tr>
746. <td><a href="https://sks.to/elnino" target="_blank">Global warming and the El Niño Southern Oscillation</a></td>
747. <td>sks.to/elnino</td>
748. </tr>
749. <tr>
750. <td><a href="https://sks.to/pdo" target="_blank">The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is not causing global warming</a></td>
751. <td>sks.to/pdo</td>
752. </tr>
753. <tr>
754. <td><a href="https://sks.to/settled" target="_blank">Is the science settled?</a></td>
755. <td>sks.to/settled</td>
756. </tr>
757. <tr>
758. <td><a href="https://sks.to/weather" target="_blank">The difference between weather and climate</a></td>
759. <td>sks.to/weather</td>
760. </tr>
761. </tbody>
762. </table>
763. <p> </p>
764. &lt;p class="bluebox"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If you think that projects like these rebuttal updates are a good idea, please visit our &lt;a href="https://sks.to/support_sks?utm-source=sks&amp;amp;utm-campaign=aag&amp;amp;utm-term=contribute" target="_blank"&gt;support page to contribute&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
765. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/at-a-glance-weather.html</link>
766. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/at-a-glance-weather.html</guid>
767. <pubDate>Tue, 23 Apr 2024 10:35:18 EST</pubDate>
768. </item>  <item>
769. <title>EGU2024 - An intense week of joining sessions virtually</title>
770. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;Note: this blog post has been put together over the course of the week I followed the happenings at the conference virtually. Should recordings of the Great Debates and possibly Union Symposia mentioned below, be released sometime after the conference ends, I'll include links to the ones I participated in.&lt;/p&gt;
771. <p>This year's <a href="https://www.egu24.eu/" target="_blank">General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union (EGU)</a> started on Monday April 15 both on premise in Vienna and online as a fully hybrid conference. This year, I decided to join virtually for the whole week, <a href="https://sks.to/egu24-prolog" target="_blank">picking and chosing sessions</a> I was interested in. At the time of publication this blog post was still an evolving compilation - a kind of personal diary - of the happenings from my perspective.</p>
772. <p>As this post will get fairly large, you can jump to the different days, via these links (bolded days have been added already):</p>
773. <p><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu24-personal-diary.html#Monday">Monday</a></strong> - <strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu24-personal-diary.html#Tuesday">Tuesday</a></strong> - <strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu24-personal-diary.html#Wednesday">Wednesday</a></strong> - <strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu24-personal-diary.html#Thursday">Thursday</a></strong> - <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu24-personal-diary.html#Friday">Friday</a></p>
774. <p><a href="https://www.egu24.eu/" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-Banner-570px.jpg" alt="EGU24 Banner" width="570" height="134" /></a></p>
775. <p>The already published <a href="https://sks.to/egu24-prolog" target="_blank">prolog blog post</a> contains general explanations about the session formats as well as my planned itinerary for the week.</p>
776. <h3><a id="Monday"></a>Monday, April 15</h3>
777. <p><a href="https://www.egu.eu/egutoday/2024/monday/" target="_blank">EGU Today</a></p>
778. <p>My week started at 8:30 in the morning with <strong>Union Symposia (US2)</strong> about the <strong><a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/50652" target="_blank">Climate emergency, human agency: making sense of the current state of scientific knowledge on climate change to strengthen climate literacy</a></strong>.</p>
779. <blockquote>
780. <p>This Union Symposium will build on key findings from the Sixth Assessment Cycle of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It will place the current scientific understanding in this context of climate science history and lay out what is the current state of climate, with the observed intensification of global and regional changes, and what are physically plausible futures, unpacking how science underpins the understanding of the climate emergency. The presentations will be given by Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, France and Joeri Rogelj, Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College, London, Great Britain.</p>
781. </blockquote>
782. <p>This symposia was a great start into the week as the presentation jointly given by Valérie Masson-Delmotte amd Joeri Rogelj was very rich in information and contained lots of neat slides walking us through some basics of climate science and what those mean moving forward. The session was part of the climate literacy initiative and 50 students and their teachers from Vienna schools had been invited to join it so that they had a chance to experience a scientific conference directly. Throughout the presentation, it was made clear that the climate crisis is an intergenerational justice as well as a public health issue. This composite image gives just a little glimpse of the many neat slides included (click to enlarge):</p>
783. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0415-US6-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0415-US6-ShareGraphic-570px.jpg" alt="US6 Composite" width="570" height="321" /></a></p>
784. <p>Afterwards, I joined a <strong>short course (SC2.2)</strong> providing <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49202" target="_blank"><strong>an introduction to science for policy</strong></a>. Even though this was a repeat for me, I found this session - convended by Chloe Hill - interesting again.</p>
785. <!--more-->
786. <blockquote>
787. <p>This session will provide an introduction into some key ‘science for policy’ themes and provide specific details about when and how scientists can engage with policy to increase the impact of their efforts. It will also provide resources and tips for scientists so that they can start their science for policy journeys. The last part of the Short Course will include a Q&A with those working on the science-policy interface. This session will be relevant to all career levels and scientific disciplines.</p>
788. </blockquote>
789. <p>Chloe Hill kicked off the session providing some context and information of what "science for policy" is and what it isn't. Noel Baker went through the list of <a href="https://www.egu.eu/static/latest/policy/10_tips_to_engage_with_policymaking_EGU24.pdf" target="_blank">10 suggestions of how scientists can engage with policy</a> on different levels. Erika von Schneidemesser gave us several examples of projects she has been involved with on local levels followed by Alessandro Allegra sharing information about how it is to interact with policy makers like the EU-Commission in Brussels.</p>
790. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0415-SC2.2-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0415-SC2.2-ShareGraphic-570px.jpg" alt="SC2.2 composite" width="570" height="323" /></a></p>
791. <p>The afternoon started with another short course for me: <strong>SC3.3 - <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49210" target="_blank">Scared of giving presentations to a (geo-)scientific audiences?</a> </strong>as this cannot hurt in the run-up to my own presentations on Tuesday and Wednesday even if it'll be too late to adapt this year's slide-decks based on their tips.</p>
792. <blockquote>
793. <p>This short course deals with the various reasons and symptoms of stage fright and how they can be overcome. Scientists will share their experiences and what has helped them to deal with their fear of presenting. There will be practical tips and room for questions as well as exchange of experiences. This year, we're exploring a fresh angle: science communication. While the stage is set for scientific discourse, effective communication is key. Meet our speakers, Dr. Simon Clark and Dr. Heather Handley, seasoned communicators, sharing insights!</p>
794. </blockquote>
795. <p><a href="https://www.simonoxfphys.com/" target="_blank">Dr. Simon Clark</a> focused on the communication and story-telling aspects which are not just relevant for the science videos he creates (check <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@SimonClark" target="_blank">his YouTube channel</a>!) but can also provide structure for scientific presentations. He stressed that there are two simple rules to telling a story:</p>
796. <ol style="list-style-type: undefined;">
797. <li><strong>THEREFORE</strong> or <strong>BUT</strong>, never <strong>AND THEN</strong></li>
798. <li><strong>"meanwhile, back at the ranch"</strong></li>
799. </ol>
800. <p>He also provided very relatable examples of how such stories can be constructed - at least relatable for people familiar with the Star Wars saga! He also briefly touched on the importance to gear the language used towards the audience and to provide the relevant context. Click on the image for a larger versioin to check a selection of Simon's very helpful slides:</p>
801. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0415-SC3.3-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0415-SC3.3-ShareGraphic-570px.jpg" alt="SC3.3 compilation 1" width="570" height="322" /></a></p>
802. <p>The second presentation in this short course was given by <a href="https://www.heatherhandley.com/" target="_blank">Dr. Heather Handley</a> who told us about how to deliver an effective short presentation. She highlighted how typical scientific communication goes from "Intro" via "Methods/Results" to "Discussion/Conlusion" and that this is basically inverted to how the media goes about it: "Main conclusion" followed by "Important facts" and "Background" coming last. Heather also told us about avoiding jargon and mentioned helpful resources to use in order to check things like readability, like the De-Jargonizer availble at <a href="https://scienceandpublic.com/" target="_blank">scienceandpublic.com</a>. Also important is to heed the "rule of threes" and to have a "Beginning", "Middle" and "End" in your presentation.</p>
803. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0415-SC3.3-HH-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0415-SC3.3-HH-ShareGraphic-570px.jpg" alt="SC3.3 Composite 2" width="570" height="322" /></a></p>
804. <p>Even though the short course was about preparing and giving presentations, at least some of the information provided by Simon and Heather will turn out to be helpful for writing content for Skeptical Science as well.</p>
805. <p>To finish the first day at EGU24 I had planned to join another short course:<strong> SC2.5 <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49204" target="_blank">Ethics for geoscientists in a time of crisis</a></strong>. Unfortunately, the Zoom-session for that kicked-in belatedly so that the session was then already ongoing and I had missed the introduction to it. Compared to the other short courses I had joined earlier in the day, this one was also difficult to follow due to some audio-issues in the room and the content including several hands-on exercises and activities for people in the room. So I only listened in for a while and used the time to work on this evolving blog post instead.</p>
806. <h3><a id="Tuesday"></a>Tuesday, April 16</h3>
807. <p><a href="https://www.egu.eu/egutoday/2024/tuesday/" target="_blank">EGU Today</a></p>
808. <p>Here is how Tuesday unfolded:</p>
809. <p>The morning was taken up by a "double slot" <strong>Education and Outreach session (EOS4.4) titled <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49297#Orals" target="_blank">Geoethics: The significance of geosciences for society and the e nvironment</a></strong>. This session was convened by Silvia Peppoloni with Svitlana Krakovska, Giuseppe Di Capua and David Crookall as co-conveners.</p>
810. <blockquote>
811. <p>Geoscience knowledge and practices are essential for effectively navigating the complexities of the modern world. They play a critical role in addressing urgent global challenges on a planetary scale (including, climate change and its social, humanitarian, and health impacts), informing decision-making processes and guiding education at all levels. However, the response to these challenges remains largely inadequate across the board. By equipping both citizens and the wider societal stakeholders with the necessary knowledge background, geosciences empower them to engage in meaningful discussions, shape policies, contribute to reduce inequities and injustice, and implement solutions for local, regional, and global social-environmental problems. Within this broad scope, geoethics strives to establish a shared ethical framework that guides geoscientists’ engagement with sensitive and significant issues concerning the interaction between geoscience and society.</p>
812. </blockquote>
813. <p>Part 1 of the session was chaired by Silvia Peppoloni and Guiseppe Di Capua who introduced the topic of <a href="https://www.geoethics.org" target="_blank">geoethics</a> briefly before the presentations got underway. We heard about the need of ethics training for geoscientists (<a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-6136.html" target="_blank">Vincent Cronin</a>), defining a geoethics code for the geoscientist community in Chile (<a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-6573.html" target="_blank">Hernán Bobadilla</a>), discussing the ethics of academic researchers' public advocacy (<a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-1344.html" target="_blank">Eric Guilyardi</a>i), about social, environmental and ethical boundaries of mining activities (<a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-7655.html" target="_blank">Richard Herrington</a>), defining the term Anthropocene (<a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-12918.html" target="_blank">Emlyn Koster</a>), whether social justice notions can be inserted in to "blue economy" narratives (<a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-4054.html" target="_blank">Cornelia E. Nauen</a>) and about applying cultural psychology regarding Cape-Town Geoethics principles (<a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-2053.html" target="_blank">Martin Bohle</a>).</p>
814. <p>In addition, some poster presentations from Monday were briefly introduced. Pimnutcha Promduangsri <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-6593.html" target="_blank">invited attendees to participate in her research project on geography and climate eduction</a>. Jayati Chawla told us about <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-6662.html" target="_blank">race and class disparities in urban heat in Australia and New Zealand</a>. Giovanna Antonella Dino told us a about <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-14752.html" target="_blank">projects to boost education on responsible and sustainable mining</a>.</p>
815. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0416-EOS4.4-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0416-EOS4.4-ShareGraphic-570px.jpg" alt="EOS4.4 Part1" width="570" height="322" /></a></p>
816. <p>After the coffee break David Crookall and Svitlana Krakovska chaired the second part of EOS4.4 for which the focus shifted from geoethics to climate and ocean literacy. The eight presentations took us on a virtual trip around the globe, introducing several interesting research topics and projects. Pimnutcha Promduangsri told us about <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-758.html" target="_blank">Méditerranée 2000 (Med2000)</a>, an environmental association in the South of France she and her sister Pariphat had volunteered for. Med2000 educates more than 25,000 young people and adults annually and offers awareness campaigns about climate and ocean change. Martin Mergili (Austria) made us wonder about some <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-8075.html" target="_blank">positive sides of landsides</a> as they can lead to the creation of new habitat. They also offer an opportunity to evoke (e)motions with the help of virtual reality.</p>
817. <p>Eric Guilyardi introduced us to the <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-6101.html" target="_blank">Office for Climate Education</a> in France which tries to tackle the challenges associated with climate change education. Change Hsuan Tsui looked at effects of <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-14027.html" target="_blank">religous beliefs on environmental attitudes</a> in Taiwan. Gérard Vidal explained a new program to <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-17614.html" target="_blank">teach all students at a university in Lyon, France</a> about climate change regardless of their chosen subjects. Maria Isabel Marin-Ceron explained an <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-22117.html" target="_blank">ongoing project which integrates the concept of science diplomacy</a>, conducting an in-depth exploration of the intricate interrelations among geo-bio-cultural diversity and its pivotal role in peace building, risk management, and climate action in Colombian cities and territories. Susanne Neuer told us about the <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-13965.html" target="_blank">new School of Ocean Futures</a> at the University of Arizona she is currently establishing. And last but not least, Stacey Alvarez de la Campa took us to <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-16730.html" target="_blank">Barbodos and her activities surrounding highlighting the importance of oceans</a>.</p>
818. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0416-EOS4.4P2-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0416-EOS4.4P2-ShareGraphic-570px.jpg" alt="EOS4.4 part 2" width="570" height="321" /></a></p>
819. <p>After the lunchbreak it was time for <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49284" target="_blank"><strong>Education and Outreach session (EOS1.8) Telling climate stories: platforms, tools, and methodologies for accurate and engaging science communication</strong></a>.</p>
820. <blockquote>
821. <p>Scientists, communicators, citizens, and the media: public awareness of climate change calls for interdisciplinary collaboration to create clear and cohesive narratives to reach a wide and diverse audience and create a real impact. Climate change narratives can take different paths and focus on different perspectives, professions, sectors, and the audience addressed. The role of trust is also pivotal, as different publics are likely to reject information, regardless of its accuracy, if the message doesn’t resonate with an individuals' personal experiences. [...] This session is also designed to host a space of dialogue among researchers, fact-checkers, and communications experts to assess how disinformation affects science credibility and society and present tools to tackle it, enhancing the quality of information with a positive effect on public trust in science and resilience.</p>
822. </blockquote>
823. <p>This was another big EOS-session (both number of abstracts and attendees-wise!) divided into two parts with a mixture of presentations about "climate stories" and "debunking misinformation about climate change".Here is an impression of how it looked like in the room "on the ground" in Vienna:</p>
824. <p style="text-align: center;"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-046-EOS1.8-ConfRoom-570px.jpg" alt="EOS1.8 in the conference room" width="400" height="300" /><em>Image: Room 1.34 at VIC for session EOS1.8 (courtesy of Arianna Acierno)</em></p>
825. <p>The session was chaired by Arianna Acierno from the Euro-Mediterrenean Centre on Climate Change (CMCC) and Marjana Brkic and included the following abstracts:</p>
826. <ul>
827. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-2157.html" target="#" data-id="313523"><strong>Unseen heat, a story about the potential heat extremes in the Netherlands</strong></a>, Lisette Klok about "<a href="https://sks.to/unseenheat.com" target="_blank">unseen heat</a>".</li>
828. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-3116.html" target="#" data-id="314482"><strong>Design as a participatory foundation for impactful climate communications</strong></a>, Morelli Angela about the need for professional designers to create impactful climate commes as was done for example for the latest IPCC-reports</li>
829. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-8129.html" target="#" data-id="319495"><strong>Bridging disciplines, shaping futures: the power of networking for climate change communication</strong></a>, Ottavia Carlon about the CMCC Climate Change Communication Award “Rebecca Ballestra” which is also a means to build a global platform of projects</li>
830. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-773.html" target="#" data-id="312139"><strong>Climate Disasters and Postcolonial Narratives: Mapping India’s Water Crisis in the Contemporary Indian Graphic Novels</strong></a>, Nobonita Rakshit abouta graphic novel depicting India's water crisis and climate disasters</li>
831. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-20900.html" target="#" data-id="332266"><strong>Climate Narratives: Empowering Voices for a Sustainable Future</strong></a>, Gaura Naithani about the <a href="https://ejc.net/" target="_blank">European Journalism Centre (EJC)</a> which was established to help bridge the gap between scientists and the public</li>
832. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-5397.html" target="#" data-id="316763"><strong>How to make droughts newsworthy: lessons from the 2022/2023 snow deficit in the Italian Alps</strong></a>, Francesco Avanzi about a <a href="https://www.cimafoundation.org/en/" target="_blank">Cimafoundation</a> project to connect the snow deficit in the Italian Apls ("snow droughts") with water scarcity in the rest of the year</li>
833. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-11888.html" target="#" data-id="323254"><strong>“Narrating the climate crisis” – an experiment in the form of a series of conversations</strong></a>, Elisa Vanin about a series of climate conversations in a library in Turine</li>
834. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-15895.html" target="#" data-id="327261"><strong>GeoTraductores: one translation at a time</strong></a>, Sofía Barragán-Montilla about a volunteer-based project involving <a href="https://eos.org" target="_blank">Eos.org</a>, <a href="https://geolatinas.org/" target="_blank">GeoLatinas</a>, and <a href="https://planeteando.org/" target="_blank">Planeteando</a>. It aims to overcome the language barrier in climate change and Earth science communication within Spanish-speaking communities.</li>
835. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-12998.html" target="#" data-id="324364"><strong>Graz Climate Change Indicators: A data portal backing climate narratives towards reaching the Paris climate goals</strong></a>, Gottfried Kirchengast about recently opened data portal termed <a href="https://gcci.uni-graz.at/de/" target="_blank">Graz Climate Change Indicators (GCCI)</a></li>
836. </ul>
837. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0416-EOS1.8P1-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0416-EOS1.8P1-ShareGraphic-570px.jpg" alt="EOS1.8 Part 1" width="570" height="321" /></a></p>
838. <p>After the coffee break the session commenced with the second half of the presentations:</p>
839. <ul>
840. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-12511.html" target="#" data-id="323877"><strong>Justice and urban transformation in light of accelerating climate change</strong></a>, Karsten Haustein about questions related to current and future mobility in urban areas</li>
841. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-16502.html" target="#" data-id="327868"><strong>Writing the Earth: what happens when you bring creative writers and geoscientists together to explore climate and sustainability issues?</strong></a>, Fergus McAuliffe about a pairing scheme for scientists and writers and the creative output created</li>
842. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-1575.html" target="#" data-id="312941"><strong>Resources to give facts a fighting chance against misinformation</strong></a>, see below</li>
843. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-17203.html" target="#" data-id="328569"><strong>A Digital Academy against Climate Change Disinformation featuring trustworthy and fact-checked information and resources on climate change and media literacy</strong></a>, Spyridoula Markou about an upcoming online platform to provide information and resources about climate change as port of the <a href="https://adaptationagora.eu/" target="_blank">Agora Project</a>.</li>
844. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-15618.html" target="#" data-id="326984"><strong>Misinformation in scientific news in Bulgarian for future inoculation</strong></a>, Ruslana Margova about the problem to get Bulgarians interested in scientific or climate topics at all</li>
845. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-17910.html" target="#" data-id="329276"><strong>We Are the Possible: New Narratives Connecting Science, Health, Education and the Arts</strong></a>, Cecilia Manosa Nyblon and Sally Flint about the <a href="https://greenfutures.exeter.ac.uk/" target="_blank">Green Futures project of the University of Exeter</a> involving co-creation workshops between scientists, health professionals, educators, youth leaders, translators, writers and artists.</li>
846. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-8799.html" target="#" data-id="320165"><strong>Surfing the Climate Wave: Laura and Joan's Expedition in the Delta</strong></a>, Anna Boqué-Ciurana about turning her thesis into a childrens' book about the Ebro delta.</li>
847. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-19620.html" target="#" data-id="330986"><strong>Environmental education and correct scientific information on climate change and natural issues: the case of Lombardy Foundation for the Environment</strong></a>, Simone Picco about the Lombardy Foundation for the Environment which promote regional Environmental Education initiatives</li>
848. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-3182.html" target="#" data-id="314548"><strong>AI-Enhanced Academic Entrepreneurship in K-12 Climate Education in China</strong></a>, Xiuli Chen (joining virtually from China) about establishing possible strategies that can be used in order to increase the number of people especially in K-12 education who are involved in climatology.</li>
849. </ul>
850. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0416-EOS1.8P2-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0416-EOS1.8P2-ShareGraphic-570px.jpg" alt="EOS1.8 Part 2" width="570" height="321" /></a></p>
851. <p>One abstract had been withdrawn, so my slot to present came a bit earlier than planned but went pretty well as far as I can tell. In <strong><a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-1575.html" target="_blank">Resources to give facts a fighting chance against misinformation</a></strong> I briefly introduced participants to Skeptical Science, mentioned our <a href="https://sks.to/at-a-glance" target="_blank">rebuttals updates factory</a> and the <a href="https://sks.to/hotmess" target="_blank">quick debunking</a> of "Climate the Movie" before mentioning the <a href="https://sks.to/debunk2020" target="_blank">Debunking Handbook</a>, the <a href="https://sks.to/conspiracy" target="_blank">Conspiracy Theory handbook</a>, the <a href="https://sks.to/flicc-sks" target="_blank">FLICC taxonomy</a> of science denial techniques and how to learn about them with the help of the <a href="https://sks.to/crankyintro" target="_blank">Cranky Uncle game</a>. Sounds like a lot? Yes, but it all fits within the 8 minutes, if only barely! My final presentation<a href="https://skepticalscience.com/EGU2024-EOS1.8-FightingChance-EGU24-1575.pdf" target="_blank"> is available here</a> or by clicking on this composite image (which is from the drafted version):</p>
852. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/docs/EGU2024-EOS1.8-FightingChance-EGU24-1575.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-EOS1.8-FightingChance-570px.jpg" alt="EGU24 EOS1.8 Fighting Chance" width="570" height="370" /></a></p>
853. <p>And with that, the 2nd day of EGU24 came to a close!</p>
854. <h3><a id="Wednesday"></a>Wednesday April 17</h3>
855. <p><a href="https://www.egu.eu/egutoday/2024/wednesday/" target="_blank">EGU Today</a></p>
856. <p>Wednesday was a rather interesting day for me. It started at 8:30 with <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/50651" target="_blank"><strong>Union Symposia (US6) Misunderstanding or malice? Getting to the bottom of geoscience disinformation</strong></a> and much to my surprise I had been invited to be one of the panelists for this almost 2 hour long session. This was obviously a first for me, but (I think) it worked out well, in no small part due to the conveners being well aware of my background. This Union Symposia was convended by Flora Maria Brocza with Chloe Hill, Viktor J. Bruckman, Kirsten v. Elverfeldt and Christina West as co-conveners. Apart from myself, speakers for the session were Gaura Naithani (Project Manager & Researcher, European Journalism Centre) and Simon Clark (Science communicator & author).</p>
857. <p>Here is the description for the symposia:</p>
858. <blockquote>
859. <p>The spread of false and misleading information can erode trust in public institutions, governments, and the scientific community. It fosters polarisation, disrupts informed decision-making, obstructs constructive dialogue, and subsequently poses a threat to social cohesion and democracy. As researchers, we stand in the eye of the storm. As professional “knowledge generators”, we produce and evaluate facts and should be well-equipped to debunk information we read elsewhere. At the same time, we may not be as well equipped as we think and our research may be taken out of context, with single facts inserted into a wider misleading narrative.<br /><br />During this Union Symposium, an expert panel will outline what mis- and disinformation is, how it is created and spread in the digital age, why false experts gain traction and how they intentionally misrepresent scientific research, and how the dissemination of doubt and denial can undermine public trust, influence policy decisions, and impact society as a whole. The session will also discuss the role and responsibility of the scientific community in managing and preventing the spread of misinformation as well as the other tools that exist to deal with it.</p>
860. </blockquote>
861. <p>After a short introduction of the session by Chloe Hill, Kirsten von Elverfeldt got things moving with introducing me as the first panelist. Together with the conveners for the panel session, we had decided that I'd give a <strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/docs/EGU2024-US6-Misinformation-BWinkler.pdf" target="_blank">quick introduction to science denial, misinformation, the dangers it poses, and how to inoculate people against the techniques used in science denial</a></strong> (click the link for the PDF-version or <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/docs/EGU2024-US6-Misinformation-BWinkler-Notes.pdf" target="_blank">here</a> for the notes version).</p>
862. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-US6-IntrodcutionScienceDenial.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-US6-IntrodcutionScienceDenial-570px.jpg" alt="US6 slide deck" width="570" height="318" /></a></p>
863. <p>So, I was able to talk about the "stuff" I'm familiar and quite comfortable with, including at least some of the items mentioned in the presentation for EOS1.8 (<a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu24-personal-diary.html#Tuesday" target="_blank">see above</a>) or other comparable presentation I already did at EGU and/or elserwhere. For whatever reason, I was much more relaxed than I expected to be and got through my presentation just fine. Chloe then had this follow-up question for me:</p>
864. <blockquote>
865. <p>"What role does Skeptical Science play in helping prevent the spread of misinformation?"</p>
866. </blockquote>
867. <p>Which I answered along these lines:</p>
868. <blockquote>
869. <p>Based on feedback and "referrals" we get from scientists and others, our repository of rebuttals to climate myths is helpful to them as they can easily point others to our website instead of having to rebut the claims repeatedly themselves. As "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandolini%27s_law" target="_blank">Brandolini's Law</a>" comes into play here, which states that "<em>the amount of energy needed to refute <a title="Bullshit" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullshit">bullshit</a> is an <a title="Order of magnitude" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_magnitude" target="_blank">order of magnitude</a> bigger than that needed to produce it.</em>" I also mentioned the multi-lingual content we offer thanks to volunteer translation efforts, which - hopefully - helps increase our reach across the globe.</p>
870. </blockquote>
871. <p>Next to speak was <strong>Gaura Naithani</strong> who is the Project Manager & Researcher for the <a href="https://ejc.net/" target="_blank">European Journalism Centre (EJC)</a>. Gaura is a former multimedia journalist from India, who now works “with journalists” across Europe to support and develop relevant grants and training programmes. She is particularly focusing on social media platforms that have changed the way we produce and consume news. This year, she will also be leading the News Impact Summit for the European Journalism Centre with an emphasis on mis/dis info around climate. Gaura shared why the EJC developed a practical online and offline training programme for independent creators (journalists, climate scientists, activists,etc) to support them in elevating their climate journalism. Her opening presentation focused on:</p>
872. <ul>
873. <li>The need for cross-sectoral collaboration to communicate climate science creatively</li>
874. <li>The role social media platforms are playing</li>
875. <li>How the training programme equipped participants to identify misinformation</li>
876. <li>Whether programmes like these are a potential solution</li>
877. </ul>
878. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0417-US6-GauraNaithani.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0417-US6-GauraNaithani-570px.jpg" alt="US6 Gaura Natihani EJC" width="570" height="320" /></a><br /><br />Last but certainly not least,<strong> <a href="https://www.simonoxfphys.com/" target="_blank">Simon Clark</a></strong> gave his introductory remarks. He is an award-winning science communicator and author from Bath, UK. He holds a PhD in atmospheric physics from the University of Exeter, and in 2023 was made an Honorary Industrial Fellow of the University of Bristol. Since 2017 he has worked as a full-time science communicator, specialising in creating online videos discussing aspects of the climate crisis which have been viewed over 50 million times (check <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@SimonClark" target="_blank">his YouTube channel</a>). He also hosts the How To Make A Science Video podcast, published an introductory book to atmospheric science, Firmame. Simon talked about his experience creating science videos on Youtube, how he comes up with a story line (something he explained in more details in <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu24-personal-diary.html#Monday" target="_blank">short course SC3.3 on Monday</a>) and how he sometimes creates a bit of a "trap" for climate science deniers with provocative video titles and images.</p>
879. <p><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0417-US6-Panel-570px.jpg" alt="US6 Panel Simon Clark" width="570" height="318" /></p>
880. <p>After our introductory remarks, we got into the questions and answers part, where the first questions came from Chloe and Kirsten followed by questions from the audience. We touched on topics like how best to go about science-denying comments on our content, be it Youtube videos in Simon's case or on Skeptical Science content like our blog posts and rebuttals. Quite a bit of our discussion focused on various social media platforms and their options for moderation and if this can somehow be transferred to the "real world". Some questions circled around AI-tools and chat bots and whether they could be more employed for good or bad (with a reminder from Kirsten that they require a lot of energy to run, so tend to have a negative climate impact just based on that). All in all it was a very far-ranging discussion during which we all had ample opportunity to chime in with our answers and thoughts. Should a recording become available, I may add some more details about this Union Symposia in due course. For now, let me end with a sincere Thank You to the conveners of the session for giving me the opportunity to be on this panel!</p>
881. <hr />
882. <p>Over the "lunch-break" I listened to <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-22395.html" target="_blank"><strong>Stefan Rahmstorf's</strong> <strong><span class="link-coloured">Alfred Wegener Medal Lecture </span></strong></a>(MAL2) titled "<em>Is the Atlantic Overturning Circulation approaching a tipping point?</em>":</p>
883. <blockquote>
884. <p>The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has a major impact on climate, not just around the northern Atlantic but globally. Paleoclimatic data show that it has been rather unstable in the past, leading to some of the most dramatic and abrupt climate shifts known.<br /><br />These instabilities are due to two different types of tipping points, linked to amplifying feedbacks in the large-scale salt transport and in the convective mixing which drives the flow. Of particular concern is the evidence for an ongoing weakening of the AMOC: it likely is already at its weakest in a millennium.<br /><br />These tipping points present a major risk of abrupt ocean circulation and climate shifts as we push our planet further out of the stable Holocene climate into uncharted waters. The lecture will discuss the paleoclimatic data, the instability mechanisms, the evidence for an AMOC slowdown and how close we may be to a dangerous tipping point.</p>
885. </blockquote>
886. <p>Stefan Rahmstorf covered the long history of his research into all things AMOC which he also wrote about in a recently published article in <em>Oceanography</em>: <a href="https://tos.org/oceanography/assets/docs/37-rahmstorf.pdf" target="_blank">Is the Atlantic Overturning Circulation approaching a tipping point?</a></p>
887. <p><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0417-MAL2-StefanRahmstorf-570px.jpg" alt="MAL2 Stefan Rahmstorf" width="570" height="360" /></p>
888. <p>In the afternoon, I joined <strong><a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49208" target="_blank">short course (SC2.10) From Misunderstanding to Malice: Countering Mis- and Disinformation</a> </strong>which was closely related to US6 in the morning. The course was convenced by Kirsten v. Elverfeldt with Flora Maria Brocza, Maida Salkanovic, Chloe Hill and Simon Clark as co-conveners.</p>
889. <blockquote>
890. <p>The research we conduct doesn’t fall into a vacuum. Once published, it enters a large information ecosystem, where we hope that our findings will resonate. As researchers, we devote our whole careers to the study of a narrow field of knowledge. This devotion is not shared by other players in this ecosystem who engage with our research, which might lead to misunderstandings and thus unintentional misinformation. Even others in the ecosystem intentionally seek to spread false information or foster ideologically driven disinformation campaigns. Thus, the players in the ecosystem range from fellow scientists from the same or other disciplines, journalists, politicians, social media influencers, the general public, to troll farms. Clearly, not all of them have or seek an in-depth understanding of the scientific context in which a particular piece of information slots into, and some merely seek to generate attention or outrage with their writing.</p>
891. <p>Many scientists feel somewhat uneasy in this ecosystem - lacking the tools to engage meaningfully. For example, when talking to journalists, information on the uncertainty of data may not be conveyed for the sake of clear and easy-to-follow storylines. Facts may be simplified or even misrepresented, which might lead to a certain reluctance of scientists to talk to journalists. However, especially this type of direct science-media-interaction is crucial for the debunking of mis- and disinformation.</p>
892. </blockquote>
893. <p>Chloe Hill and Kirsten von Elverfeldt kicked of the short course with short presentations about mis- and disinformation. Chloe laid the foundation with explaining the differences between mis- and disinformation, followed by Kirsten giving us some examples of the different "dummy arguments", also known as logical fallacies:</p>
894. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0417-SC2.10-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0417-SC2.10-ShareGraphic-570px.jpg" alt="SC2.10" width="570" height="321" /></a></p>
895. <p>In the late afternoon - starting at 16:15 - I joined the first part of <strong>Education and Outreach session (EOS1.1) <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49280" target="_blank">Science and Society: Science Communication Practice, Research, and Reflection</a></strong><a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49280" target="_blank">.</a> Based on previous years' experiences I had fairly high expectations that this would be another chance to learn about several interesting projects related to science communication. I wasn't disappointed! The session was convended by Solmaz Mohadjer and Roberta Bellini, Francesco Avanzi, Usha Harris and Maria Vittoria Gargiulo as co-conveners.</p>
896. <blockquote>
897. <p>Science communication includes the efforts of natural, physical and social scientists, communications professionals, and teams that communicate the process and values of science and scientific findings to non-specialist audiences outside of formal educational settings. The goals of science communication can include enhanced dialogue, understanding, awareness, enthusiasm, improving decision making, or influencing behaviors. Channels can include in-person interaction, online, social media, mass media, or other methods. This session invites presentations by individuals and teams on science communication practice, research, and reflection, addressing questions like: What kind of communication efforts are you engaging in and how you are doing it? How is social science informing understandings of audiences, strategies, or effects? What are lessons learned from long-term communication efforts?</p>
898. </blockquote>
899. <p>Here is the list of abstracts presented in the session:</p>
900. <ul>
901. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-346.html" target="#" data-id="311712"><strong>Decolonizing geoscience communication: a case study of a new human evolution exhibition at the Iziko South African Museum</strong></a>, Robyn Pickering providing examples of how museum exhibits can be de-colonialized</li>
902. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-11442.html" target="#" data-id="322808"><strong>Actively engaging people on rainfall (or any geoscience topic) through short interactive food related activitie</strong></a>, Auguste Gires about a project where for example the measured amount of local rainfall is put into perspective with amount of a liquid in a glass</li>
903. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-16522.html" target="#" data-id="327888"><strong>We need new generations of people who know about the Earth – what are we doing about It … in Ireland?</strong></a>, Siobhán Power about how to get the next generation in Ireland interested to learn about the Earth</li>
904. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-10867.html" target="#" data-id="322233"><strong>"Up-Goer Five Challenge": A way to make science more accessible?</strong></a>, Philipp Aglas-Leitner trying to answer his own question with a "maybe if some parameters are perhaps a bit relaxed so that more than just the 1000 most common words in a language can be used. Otherwise, even simple words like "cloud" (which comes in as word #1255 IIRC) need to be para-phrased which doesn't help with understanding</li>
905. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-19052.html" target="#" data-id="330418"><strong>uniWeather™: Advancing real-time outreach in urban environmental sciences through app and platform</strong></a>, Gregor Feigel about the <a href="https://www.researchconcepts.io/uniWeather.html" target="_blank">uniWeather app</a> developed at the University of Freiburg</li>
906. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-15324.html" target="#" data-id="326690"><strong>Youth education and empowerment through outdoor experiential learning and peer-to-peer communication</strong></a>, Jane Walden and Léa Rodari about the "Girls on Ice" project to give girls a chance to experience science first hand on expeditions, in school workshops or day excursions under the guidance of female scientists</li>
907. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-6320.html" target="#" data-id="317686"><strong>The role of leadership in education as a decisive factor for the Communication of Sciences: The case of the European project Connect  (Horizon2020)</strong></a>, Emmanouil Kartsonakis about the European program Horizon2000 "<a href="https://www.connect-science.net/" target="_blank">Connect</a>"</li>
908. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-17948.html" target="#" data-id="329314"><strong>Know before you act. Effective risk education (should) starts from knowing gaps and preconceptions. A case study on sea level rise</strong></a>, Stefano Solarino about a survey to judge knowledge about sea-level-rise in the Mediterranean region</li>
909. </ul>
910. <p> <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0417-EOS1.1-P1-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0417-EOS1.1-P1-ShareGraphic-570.jpg" alt="EOS1.1 Part 1" width="570" height="318" /></a></p>
911. <p>And with that, another exciting day came to a close!</p>
912. <h3><a id="Thursday"></a>Thursday April 18</h3>
913. <p><a href="https://www.egu.eu/egutoday/2024/thursday/" target="_blank">EGU Today</a></p>
914. <p>The morning was taken up with the second and third parts of <strong>Education and Outreach session (EOS1.1) <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49280" target="_blank">Science and Society: Science Communication Practice, Research, and Reflection</a></strong> (see above for description).</p>
915. <p>Abstracts in the 2nd part had climate change as the common thread:</p>
916. <ul>
917. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-12003.html" target="#" data-id="323369"><strong>Climate Change: Communicating What We Don’t Know</strong></a>, David Stainforth about his book "Predicting our Climate future" and why talking about fuutre climate change is different than talking about climate of the past</li>
918. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-11941.html" target="#" data-id="323307"><strong>Communicating the KNMI’23 Climate Scenarios for the Dutch Caribbean</strong></a>, Iris Keizer from the Dutch Met-office talking about a project to make climate reports relatable for people in Dutch overseas territories</li>
919. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-15622.html" target="#" data-id="326988"><strong>How to make climate communication more accessible to more  communities? Results from a case study featuring KNMI</strong></a>, Björk Johannes about how we can make science communication more accessible by understanding social and cultural context, co-creating, being creativ and a lot more!</li>
920. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-6381.html" target="#" data-id="317747"><strong>Remote sensing as a tool for science education and engagement: the case of the All-Ukrainian competition "Ecoview"</strong></a>, Svitlana Babiichuk about remote sensing gets used by Ukranian school children to discover the world around them and how it changes</li>
921. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-11368.html" target="#" data-id="322734"><strong>Hilfswerk International: An NGO in Central Asia as Science Communicator between the Society, Governments and the Private Business Sector</strong></a>, Gisela Domej about a project by Hilfswerk Austria in central Asia to build a bridge between stakeholders when it comes to natural hazards</li>
922. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-9101.html" target="#" data-id="320467"><strong>Climate and Media: an efficient and original training for journalists</strong></a>, Gilles Ramstein about an in-depth online journalism course on climate change in France</li>
923. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-21986.html" target="#" data-id="333352"><strong>Existential Threat: How Scientists Can Work With The Media To Communicate Complex Systemic Crises</strong></a>, Gaia Vince giving her Angela Croome Award lecture about how stories about scientific research have to be restructured to fit the inverted sequence of stories in the media</li>
924. </ul>
925. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0418-EOS1.1-P2-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0418-EOS1.1-P2-ShareGraphic-570px.jpg" alt="EOS1.1 Part 2" width="570" height="319" /></a></p>
926. <p>Abstracts in the 3rd part focused on geoscience-related projects:</p>
927. <ul>
928. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-6322.html" target="#" data-id="317688"><strong>Science communication and the law: Lessons learned from being an expert witness</strong></a>, Michael Slattery about his experiences as an expert witness and why it's necessary to simplify complex concepts and communicate them effectively</li>
929. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-10242.html" target="#" data-id="321608"><strong>Creating safety through media narratives: A framework for investigating potential biases in describing adverse complex phenomena</strong></a>, Marina Mantini presenting on behalf of the first author Martina Ivaldi about a media analysis related to the floods in the Marche region of Italy in September 2023</li>
930. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-1438.html" target="#" data-id="312804"><strong>Using mental models as a tool to understand perspectives of scientific uncertainty and effectively communicate natural hazards science advice</strong></a>, Emma Hudson-Doyle about how we understand uncertainty differently and why there are different sources of uncertainty if you ask different groups of people</li>
931. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-9402.html" target="#" data-id="320768"><strong>Supporting Children’s Space Careers Education: “I’m a Space Person”</strong></a>, Cara Waters about a UK-project to get pupils interested in many diffrent topics which can lead to a career in the space industry</li>
932. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-11952.html" target="#" data-id="323318"><strong>Connecting worlds: Mutual benefits of teacher–researcher interaction</strong></a>, Rory Selby-Smith about trying to reverse the trend of ever fewer geoscience students in Ireland</li>
933. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-3519.html" target="#" data-id="314885"><strong>Filipino youth-led place-based geoducation through knowledge sharing between young professionals and residents : the Nomad Projects OpenEdu workshops</strong> </a>, Paula Naomi Irapta about a co-created arts projects in The Philippines</li>
934. <li><a class="co_mto_abstractHTML-html-toggler" href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-2760.html" target="#" data-id="314126"><strong>Reclaiming the rocks: ukuthetha ngezifundo zomhlaba ngesiXhosa</strong></a>, Sinelethu Hashibi giving her Katia and Maurice Krafft Award Lecture about translating geological terms into her native isiXhosa language in the Eastern Cape of South Africa.</li>
935. </ul>
936. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0418-EOS1.1-P3-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0418-EOS1.1-P3-ShareGraphic-570px.jpg" alt="EOS1.1 Part 3" width="570" height="321" /></a></p>
937. <p>In the afternoon it was time for <strong>short course (SC3.2) <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49209" target="_blank">Elevate your Pitch: Developing Engaging Short Scientific Presentations</a></strong>. This turned out to be a very lively, interesting, helpful and fun short course! Topics covered included:</p>
938. <ul>
939. <li>Structuring a killer elevator pitch – learning from 1/2/3-min examples</li>
940. <li>Knowing your audience – harnessing the power of tailored openings/closings</li>
941. <li>Captivating delivery – leveraging body language to your advantage</li>
942. <li>Harnessing creativity - choosing the right medium</li>
943. <li>Enunciating to engage – communicating across borders</li>
944. <li>Effectively practising your pitch – making the best of your time</li>
945. </ul>
946. <p>The course included some hands-on practice to write and deliver a 1-minute pitch about a (research) project which virtual participants could do on the "rooftop" in Gather.town if they wanted to. I quickly cobbled together this pitch about a certain Cranky Uncle:</p>
947. <blockquote>
948. <p>Being a science communicator, I don't do any research but I can tell you about a neat project I'm involved with. So, here goes: What's the best way to understand the science denial arguments from your cranky uncle? From a Cranky Uncle as your mentor, of course! And that's what the Cranky Uncle game provides! Cranky Uncle teaches you the techniques he uses to deny science and then you practice with the help of cartoon quizzes to identify them quickly.</p>
949. </blockquote>
950. <p>I delivered that to fellow virtual participant Milo and he plans to download the game - so the pitch was apparently successful! Once the Zoom-session resumed I was also able to give the pitch to the room, so a very successful application of a hybrid meeting!</p>
951. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0418-SC3.2-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0418-SC3.2-ShareGraphic-570px.jpg" alt="SC3.2 Pitch" width="570" height="320" /></a></p>
952. <p>The final session for me on Thursday was the <strong>Education and Outreach session (EOS4.1) <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49288#PICO" target="_blank">Science Policy Interface: Shaping Debates and building bridges</a></strong>. I picked this for two reasons: it was another repeat for me and earlier sessions had been interesting. And, it's a session in the fun - if somewhat hectic - <a href="https://www.egu24.eu/guidelines/presenters/pico.html" target="_blank">PICO format</a>, with a whirlwiind of 2-minute "long" pitches followed by longer discussions with abstract authors at their onsite or virtual screens. The session was convened by Marie Heidenreich with Susann Birnstengel, Giorgia StasiECS, Chloe Hill and Maria Vittoria Gargiulo as co-conveners.</p>
953. <blockquote>
954. <p>Scientific knowledge is crucial for shaping policies related to climate, environment, sustainability, and resources. To have an impact on politics, research needs to communicate in a way that addresses needs and offers solutions. However, it is important to identify the most effective science policy formats that can contribute to enriching political debates. While there are now many resources available to scientists who would like to engage in the policymaking process, finding specific information or practical examples that relate to a specific discipline or field of research can be challenging.<br /><br />This session aims to bridge that gap by highlighting success stories from scientists who have engaged in policy and made critical societal impacts – either on a European, national, or local level – across different scientific disciplines and science officers who have facilitated successful science-policy-dialogues. It will also aim to examine the various challenges that researchers face when engaging on the science-policy interface and various strategies that others have taken to manage and overcome them.</p>
955. </blockquote>
956. <p>As expected, a big range of institutions, activities and projects trying to bridge the gap between science and policy were introduced. We heard about projects funded by the European Research Council (ERC), about Helmoltz scientists meeting members of the European Parliament (EEmeetsEP), about the Leopoldina’s perspective on community and policy advice, about the Parliamentary Evening, about bridging the gap between scientists and policymakers, about connecting geothermal energy research and policy in Ireland, and about Reflecting on the role of science advice in the climate crisis to name just a few of the pitches delivered within about 40 minutes.</p>
957. <p><a href="ttps://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0418-EOS4.1-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0418-EOS4.1-ShareGraphic-570px.jpg" alt="EOS4.1" width="570" height="324" /></a></p>
958. <h3><a id="Friday"></a>Friday, April 19</h3>
959. <p><a href="https://www.egu.eu/egutoday/2024/friday/" target="_blank">EGU Today</a></p>
960. <p>I had a "late start" to the day on Friday with <strong>Great Debate (GDB8) about <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/50646" target="_blank">Artificial Intelligence in scientific publishing: blessing or bane?</a></strong> This turned out to be a lot more interesting than I had thought it would be.</p>
961. <blockquote>
962. <p>Technological developments have always had an impact on the evolution of scientific publishing, transitioning from ink and paper to its current electronic format. In this context, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made its way to the process of publishing research results.</p>
963. <p>The advent of Large Language Models (LLM) which are capable of generating various types of textual content, raised concerns within the scientific community with regards to presenting research output. This new technological revolution is developing at a fast pace, with possibly significant consequences for scientific publications.</p>
964. <p>The rise of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, including Large Language Models (LLM), presents both challenges and opportunities for scientific publishing. How can we use these tools responsibly and effectively?</p>
965. <p>The discussion will explore several aspects of the topic, including:</p>
966. </blockquote>
967. <blockquote>
968. <ul>
969. <li>Best practices in employing AI tools for scientific writing</li>
970. <li>The potential of AI to assist in the peer review process</li>
971. <li>Responsibilities and ethical considerations for authors, reviewers, editors and publishers</li>
972. </ul>
973. </blockquote>
974. <p>The panel discussion among the participants (Fernanda Matos, PhD candidate, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Germany / Marie Soulière, Head of Publication Ethics and Quality Assurance, Frontiers, Switzerland / Tina Treude, Professor, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and Executive Editor, EGU Journals (Biogeosciences), USA / Tony Ross-Hellauer, Senior Researcher, Graz University of Technology and Know-Center GmbH, Austria) focused on scientific publishing, what AI can and shouldn't be used for and how guidelines for its ethical use are needed. This however can also at least to some extent be applied to what we write for Skeptical Science. Just to give a simple example: I've been using deepl.com fairly regularly to create a first draft of a German translation which is a big time saver as it helps to get the wording and sentence structure right. The recording of this far ranging great debate will eventually be available on Youtube and I'll embed it here as soon as this happened. In the meantime, here is a composite image for both debates:</p>
975. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0419-GDB9-GDB6-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-0419-GDB9-GDB6-ShareGraphic-570px.jpg" alt="GDB9 and GDB6" width="570" height="322" /></a></p>
976. <p>In the afternoon, the <strong>Great Debate (GDB6) <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/50642" target="_blank">If informing is not enough, how should scientists engage to accelerate the social transformation required by climate change and biodiversity collapse?</a></strong> was my last session for this year's EGU conference.</p>
977. <blockquote>
978. <p>Numerous geoscientists are producing and disseminating knowledge about climate change and contemporary environmental degradation to increasingly wider audiences, from civil society to policymakers. This knowledge is notably gathered in alarming reports by scientific institutions such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) or the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and it indicates that rapid and radical transformations of our societies are simply vital.</p>
979. <p>Still, ongoing efforts to trigger such transformations, whether by political, economic, or civil society stakeholders, often fall short of the urgent actions recommended. It has increasingly been suggested that putting most efforts into ever-improving knowledge and communication is a strategy that can only address part of the obvious gap between Science and the required societal change (see review articles by Stoddard et al., 2021 and Oreskes, 2022).</p>
980. </blockquote>
981. <p>This great debate was convened by Odin Marc, Marthe Wens and Riccardo Riva and featured Sonia Seneviratne (ETH Zurich, Switzerland), Julia Steinberger (Lausanne, Switzerland), Augustin Fragnière (University of Lausanne, Switzerland) and Oscar Berglund (Bristol, United Kingdom). The engaged discussion included pros and cons of scientists getting involved in protests and how effective - or not - they are.</p>
982. <h3>Final thoughts</h3>
983. <p>As expected, EGU24 was another intense week for me following many sessions virtually. Overall, the hybrid format worked pretty well for me from the relative comfort of my office at home. One advantage certainly was the short "commute" each morning from the living room to the "office" and that going from one session to another only involved some virtual "meet hopping" from one Zoom-call to the next. It was also a lot easier to work on this evolving blog post throughout the days instead of cramming most of that "task" into the evenings spent at the hotel in Vienna.</p>
984. <p>The one thing that I think could be improved for virtual participants is to make better use of the virtual meeting space Gather.town. It could for example be actively promoted during short courses when on-premise participants are working on tasks in groups with having a virtual space there (the Rooftop would bea  nice place for that!). In addition virtual pop-up events scheduled for Gather.town could be promoted right there, so that people wandering around with their avatars have a chance to notice and join them.</p>
985. <p>All in all, the conference provided a lot of food for thought, some new connections and several websites to check out in more detail. And last but not least, I'm really glad that I accepted the "challenge" from Chloe Hill and Kirsten von Elverfeldt to be on the panel of Union Symposia 6 about <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/50651" target="_blank">Misunderstanding or malice? Getting to the bottom of geoscience disinformation</a>! This session certainly turned out to be the highlight of the week for me!</p>
986. <p>And with that, it's a wrap! I'm already looking forward to what next year's General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union will bring from April 27 to May 2 2025 which I plan to join in Vienna again.</p>
987. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-All-Days-ShareGraphic.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-All-Days-ShareGraphic-570px.jpg" alt="All Days in one image" width="570" height="322" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
988. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/egu24-personal-diary.html</link>
989. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/egu24-personal-diary.html</guid>
990. <pubDate>Fri, 19 Apr 2024 10:25:16 EST</pubDate>
991. </item>  <item>
992. <title>2024 SkS Weekly Climate Change &amp; Global Warming News Roundup #15</title>
993. <description>&lt;div class="greenbox" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A listing of 31 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, April 7, 2024 thru Sat, April 13, 2024.&lt;/div&gt;
994. <hr />
995. <h3>Story of the week<img class="figureright zoomable" src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/ecthr.png" alt="" width="260" height="281" /></h3>
996. <p>Our story of the week is about adults in the room setting terms and conditions of good behavior. Here it's not parents telling children what to do but instead the widely adopted, mutually agreed system of coercive behavior modification we call "rule of law." Legislators providing courts of justice with laws to apply are how we formalize overcoming widely harmful selfish actions— or negligent inactions. These are our proxy adults telling us what we can't do or must do— our aspirations for better nature given teeth. We could wish that we were all so perfect as to never need grownup guidance of a kind leading to fines or imprisonment, but if anything can serve to illustrate how this isn't realistic it's our failure to confront accountability for fossil fuels and what happens when nobody is willing to say "no."</p>
997. <p>Belatedly, in step our appointed adults— in this case the <span>European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). </span>Three articles we shared this week covered an important decision handed down by this court with respect to <a href="https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#%7B%22itemid%22:[%22001-233206%22]%7D"><em>Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland</em></a>. The court finds that Switzerland is negligent in pursuing climate mitigation plans and hence is harming human rights protected by Article 8 of the <span>European Convention on Human Rights. This is an extremely important precedent, an overdue acknowledgement of human rights being climate-connected. But the outcome is all the more remarkable given the <span>ECtHR</span>'s previous agility in reasoning its way to tossing applicants' cases centered on human rights as they pertain to climate matters. Notably, the court has also just rendered unfavorable judgments  on two other climate-connected cases, in ways that sometimes seemed to defy common sense. The <a href="https://climate.law.columbia.edu/content/about-us" target="_blank">Sabin Center for Climate Change Law</a> provides a short article providing context helping us to understand this single verdict as a sea change, in its<a href="https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/climatechange/2024/04/09/the-transformation-of-european-climate-change-litigation-introduction-to-the-blog-symposium/" target="_blank"> introduction to a symposium on the topic.</a></span></p>
998. <h3>Stories we promoted this week, by publication date:</h3>
999. <p><strong>Before April 7</strong></p>
1000. <ul>
1001. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/06/record-highs-heat-trapping-gases-climate-crisis" target="_blank">Scientists confirm record highs for three most important heat-trapping gases</a></strong>, The Guardian, Oliver Milman. <em>Global concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide climbed to unseen levels in 2023, underlining climate crisis</em></li>
1002. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/06/simply-mind-boggling-world-record-temperature-jump-in-antarctic-raises-fears-of-catastrophe" target="_blank">‘Simply mind-boggling’: world record temperature jump in Antarctic raises fears of catastrophe</a></strong>, Environment, The Observer/The Gurdian, Robin McKie. <em>"An unprecedented leap of 38.5C in the coldest place on Earth is a harbinger of a disaster for humans and the local ecosystem"</em></li>
1003. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://youtu.be/7p0HdzZsdII" target="_blank">Climate Adam: Is Global Warming Speeding Up?</a></strong>, ClimateAdam on Youtube, Adam Levy. <em></em></li>
1004. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2024_14.html" target="_blank">Skeptical Science New Research for Week #14 2024</a></strong>, Skeptical Science, Doug Bostrom & Marc Kodack. <em>Skeptical Science's weekly compendium of climate research.</em></li>
1005. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://macleans.ca/society/the-power-list-sophia-mathur" target="_blank">The Power List: Sophia Mathur</a></strong>, MacLean's, Katie Underwood. <em>Governments are dragging their heels on emissions cuts. In Ontario, this 17-year-old activist is suing over it. She’s our No. 1 climate crusader. </em></li>
1006. </ul>
1007. <p><strong>April 7</strong></p>
1008. <ul>
1009. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/2024-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_14.html" target="_blank">2024 SkS Weekly Climate Change & Global Warming News Roundup #14</a></strong>, Skeptical Science, Baerbel Winkler, Doug Bostrom and John Hartz. <em>Another batch of 34 articles shared in the week from March 31 to April 6, 2024</em></li>
1010. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07042024/zambia-climate-change-consequences/" target="_blank">Zambians Feel the Personal Consequences of Climate Change-and Dream of a Sustainable Future</a></strong>, Inside Climate News, Georgina Gustin. <em>Lede: Zambia, like its southern African neighbors, depends on rain for its food, energy and economy. But it hasn’t gotten enough this year, and likely won’t in the future, a victim of a climate crisis it didn’t cause.</em></li>
1011. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-04-europe-rights-court-issue-landmark.html" target="_blank">Top Europe rights court to issue landmark climate verdicts</a></strong>, Phys.org, Antoine Pollez (AfP). <em></em></li>
1012. </ul>
1013. <!--more-->
1014. <p><strong>April 8</strong></p>
1015. <ul>
1016. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/how-nigeria-is-reeling-from-extreme-heat-fuelled-by-climate-change/" target="_blank">How Nigeria is reeling from extreme heat fuelled by climate change</a></strong>, Carbon Brief, Solomon Elusoji. <em>Since the start of this year, Africa’s most populous nation Nigeria has faced prolonged stretches of severe heat.</em></li>
1017. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://theconversation.com/coastal-wetlands-cant-keep-pace-with-sea-level-rise-and-infrastructure-is-leaving-them-nowhere-to-go-226851" target="_blank">Coastal wetlands can`t keep pace with sea-level rise, and infrastructure is leaving them nowhere to go</a></strong>, The Conversation - Articles (US), Randall W. Parkinson, Research Associate Professor in Coastal Geology, Florida International University. <em></em></li>
1018. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/climate-warming-gases-being-smuggled-into-europe-investigation-says-2024-04-08/" target="_blank">Climate-warming gases being smuggled into Europe, investigation says</a></strong>, Business, Reuters, David Stanway. <em></em></li>
1019. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://theconversation.com/feeling-depleted-so-is-the-planet-heres-how-to-move-from-exhaustion-to-empowerment-225185" target="_blank">Feeling depleted? So is the planet. Here’s how to move from exhaustion to empowerment</a></strong>, Environment, The Conversaion UK, Tom Oliver. <em></em></li>
1020. </ul>
1021. <p><strong>April 9</strong></p>
1022. <ul>
1023. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/09/business/banks-finance-climate-change.html?unlocked_article_code=1.jE0.DvKA.s9mIJpitL0Xl&smid=url-share" target="_blank">Banks Made Big Climate Promises. A New Study Doubts They Work.</a></strong>, NYT > Climate and Environment, Eshe Nelson. <em>Using European Central Bank lending data, researchers said there was not evidence that voluntary commitments were effective in reducing emissions.</em></li>
1024. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/global/2024/apr/09/tenth-consecutive-monthly-heat-record-alarms-confounds-climate-scientists" target="_blank">Tenth consecutive monthly heat record alarms and confounds climate scientists</a></strong>, The Guardian, Jonathan Watts. <em>If the anomaly does not stabilise by August, ‘the world will be in uncharted territory’, says climate expert</em></li>
1025. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2024/04/retired-teachers-return-to-colorado-classrooms-to-teach-students-about-climate-change/" target="_blank">Retired teachers return to Colorado classrooms to teach students about climate change</a></strong>, Yale Climate Connections, YCC Team. <em>They’re helping students take action in their communities. </em></li>
1026. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/climatechange/2024/04/09/the-transformation-of-european-climate-change-litigation-introduction-to-the-blog-symposium/" target="_blank">The Transformation of European Climate Change Litigation: Introduction to the Blog Symposium</a></strong>, Climate Law Blog, Maria Antonia Tigre and Maxim Bönnemann. <em></em></li>
1027. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/at-a-glance-pdo.html" target="_blank">At a glance - The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is not causing global warming</a></strong>, Skeptical Science, John Mason. <em>Rebuttal #60 to be updated with the at-a-glance section</em></li>
1028. </ul>
1029. <p><strong>April 10</strong></p>
1030. <ul>
1031. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/egu24-prolog.html?utm-source=facebook&utm-campaign=socialnetworks&utm-term=sks" target="_blank">EGU2024 - Picking and chosing sessions to attend virtually</a></strong>, Skeptical Science, Bärbel Winkler. <em>The upcoming General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union (EGU) is a good opportunity to showcase our various resources giving facts a fighting chance against misinformation!</em></li>
1032. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-how-climate-change-could-reverse-gains-in-global-inequality/" target="_blank">Guest post: How climate change could reverse progress in global inequality</a></strong>, Carbon Brief, Carbon Brief Staff. <em>Lede: According to most metrics, economic inequalities across the world have been declining since the late 1980s.</em></li>
1033. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://heatmap.news/climate/carbon-removal-100-billion-rhodium" target="_blank">Carbon Removal’s $100 Billion Conundrum</a></strong>, Climate, Heatmap, Emily Pontecorvo. <em>"That’s how much the U.S. should be spending per year by 2050 to achieve net zero, according to a new Rhodium Group report."</em></li>
1034. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.climatechangenews.com/2024/04/10/un-climate-chief-calls-for-quantum-leap-in-climate-finance/" target="_blank">UN climate chief calls for "quantum leap in climate finance"</a></strong>, Climate Home News, Joe Lo. <em>Simon Stiell says far more money is required for developing countries to submit bold new climate plans, which would benefit all economies </em></li>
1035. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://billmckibben.substack.com/p/by-the-numbers" target="_blank">By the numbers</a></strong>, The Crucial Years, Bill McKibben. <em>Sometimes we need to stop and take stock</em></li>
1036. </ul>
1037. <p><strong>April 11</strong></p>
1038. <ul>
1039. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-how-does-climate-change-drive-human-migration/" target="_blank">In-depth Q&A: How does climate change drive human migration?</a></strong>, Carbon Brief, Ayesha Tandon. <em>The once-stable climate that people have lived in for millennia is now rapidly shifting.</em></li>
1040. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/11/climate/bogota-water-rationing-drought-climate-intl/index.html" target="_blank">One of the world’s highest cities starts rationing water for 9 million people</a></strong>, Climate, CNN, Stefano Pozzebon. <em></em></li>
1041. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-04-nasa-pace-ocean-atmosphere-climate.html" target="_blank">NASA's PACE data on ocean, atmosphere, climate now available</a></strong>, Phys.org, Erica McNamee, NASA. <em>NASA is now publicly distributing science-quality data from its newest Earth-observing satellite, providing first-of-their-kind measurements of ocean health, air quality, and the effects of a changing climate.</em></li>
1042. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theverge.com/2024/4/11/24127331/carbon-dioxide-removal-costs-rhodium-group-report" target="_blank">Taking CO2 out of the air would be an absurdly expensive way to fight climate change</a></strong>, The Verge - Science Posts, Justine Calma. <em>New technologies that attempt to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere would need hundreds of billions of dollars of government support, a new report says. </em></li>
1043. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2024_15.html" target="_blank">Skeptical Science New Research for Week #15 2024</a></strong>, Skeptical Science, Doug Bostrom & Marc Kodack. <em>Skeptical Science keeps you up to date with the latest academic and other research on human-caused climate change. </em></li>
1044. </ul>
1045. <p><strong>April 12</strong></p>
1046. <ul>
1047. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2024/04/earth-just-had-its-warmest-march-on-record/" target="_blank">Earth just had its warmest March on record</a></strong>, Yale Climate Connections, Jeff Masters. <em>March 2024 was the planet’s 10th consecutive warmest month on record. Australia’s Great Barrier Reef suffered its worst coral bleaching in history. </em></li>
1048. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/12042024/todays-climate-court-case-switzerland-climate-change/" target="_blank">A Group of Women Took Switzerland to Court Over Climate Inaction-and Won</a></strong>, Inside Climate News, Kiley Price. <em></em></li>
1049. </ul>
1050. <p><strong>April 13</strong></p>
1051. <ul>
1052. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/fact-brief-1998.html" target="_blank">Fact Brief - Did global warming stop in 1998?</a></strong>, Skeptical Science, SkS-Team & Sue Bin Park. <em>The next fact brief published in collaboration with Gigafact!</em></li>
1053. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/law/2024/apr/13/swiss-climate-ruling-global-impact-european-court-human-rights" target="_blank">Strasbourg court`s Swiss climate ruling could have global impact, say experts</a></strong>, The Guardian, Isabella Kaminski. <em>Decision by European court of human rights around vulnerability of older women to heatwaves marks significant shift</em></li>
1054. </ul>
1055. &lt;p class="bluebox"&gt;If you happen upon high quality climate-science and/or climate-myth busting articles from reliable sources while surfing the web, please feel free to submit them via&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/FB-posts-form" target="_blank"&gt;this Google form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; so that we may share them widely. Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;</description>
1056. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/2024-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_15.html</link>
1057. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/2024-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_15.html</guid>
1058. <pubDate>Sun, 14 Apr 2024 10:26:46 EST</pubDate>
1059. </item>  <item>
1060. <title>Skeptical Science New Research for Week #15 2024</title>
1061. <description>&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span class="skstip beginner disabled"&gt;Open access notables&lt;img class="figureright zoomable" src="https://skepticalscience.com//pics/SkS_weekly_research_small.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="139" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
1062. <p><span><strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-00532-2" target="_blank"><span id="skstip98" class="skstip beginner disabled">Global carbon emissions</span> in 2023</a></strong><span><strong>,</strong> Liu et al., </span><em>Nature Reviews Earth & Environment</em></span></p>
1063. <blockquote>
1064. <p><em>Annual global CO2 emissions dropped markedly in 2020 owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, decreasing by 5.8% relative to 2019 (ref. <a id="ref-link-section-d90728596e391" title="Liu, Z. et al. Global patterns of daily CO2 emissions reductions in the first year of COVID-19. Nat. Geosci. 15, 615–620 (2022)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00532-2#ref-CR1" data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref">1</a>). There were hopes that green economic stimulus packages during the COVD crisis might mark the beginning of a longer-term decrease in global emissions toward net-zero emissions, but instead emissions rebounded and quickly exceeded pre-pandemic levels by 2021. However, year-on-year growth has slowed, with 5.4% increases in 2021 (ref. <a id="ref-link-section-d90728596e395" title="Liu, Z., Deng, Z., Davis, S. J., Giron, C. & Ciais, P. Monitoring global carbon emissions in 2021. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. 3, 217–219 (2022)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00532-2#ref-CR2" data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref">2</a>) (reaching 35.1 Gt CO2) and 1.9% increases in 2022 (ref. <a id="ref-link-section-d90728596e401" title="Liu, Z., Deng, Z., Davis, S. & Ciais, P. Monitoring global carbon emissions in 2022. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. 4, 205–206 (2023)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00532-2#ref-CR3" data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref">3</a>) (reaching 35.7 Gt CO2), rapidly using up the remaining carbon budget. Here, we outline global CO2 emissions (encompassing fossil fuel combustion and cement production) from the Carbon Monitor project (<a href="https://carbonmonitor.org/">https://carbonmonitor.org</a>) for the year 2023.</em></p>
1065. </blockquote>
1066. <p><strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102288" target="_blank">Moral hazards and <span id="skstip123" class="skstip advanced disabled">solar radiation</span> management: Evidence from a large-scale online experiment</a></strong><span><strong>,</strong> Schoenegger & Mintz-Woo, </span><em>Journal of Environmental Psychology</em></p>
1067. <blockquote>
1068. <p><em><span>Solar radiation management (SRM) may help to reduce the negative outcomes of climate change by minimising or reversing global warming. However, many express the worry that SRM may pose a moral hazard, i.e., that information about SRM may lead to a reduction in climate change mitigation efforts. In this paper, we report a large-scale preregistered, money-incentivised, online experiment with a representative US sample (N = 2284). We compare actual behaviour (donations to climate change charities and clicks on climate change petition links) as well as stated preferences (support for a carbon tax and self-reported intentions to reduce emissions) between participants who receive information about SRM with two control groups (a salience control that includes information about climate change generally and a content control that includes information about a different topic). Behavioural choices are made with an earned real-money endowment, and stated preference responses are incentivised via the Bayesian Truth Serum. We fail to find a significant impact of receiving information about SRM and, based on equivalence tests, we provide evidence in favour of the absence of a meaningfully large effect.</span></em></p>
1069. </blockquote>
1070. <p><strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103502" target="_blank">Greenwashing, net-zero, and the oil sands in Canada: The case of Pathways Alliance</a></strong><span>, Aronczyk et al., </span><em>Energy Research & Social Science</em></p>
1071. <blockquote>
1072. <p id="sp0045"><em>This article examines net zero greenwashing using the case of Pathways Alliance, a coalition of six companies representing 95% of oil sands production in Canada, one of the world's largest oil reserves. Drawing on a corpus of documents (n = 183) spanning a two-year period, including materials from the coalition's advertising and public relations campaign, we evaluate Pathways Alliance's public communication for indicators of net-zero greenwashing. We identify instances of selective disclosure and omission, misalignment of claim and action, displacement of responsibility, non-credible claims, specious comparisons, nonstandard accounting, and inadequate reporting. There is also evidence that their publicity campaign extends beyond the materials usually collected and assessed for greenwashing by researchers. The article calls for further research into net zero communication and an expanded conception of greenwashing able to account for the role of digital platforms, public relations, and sector-wide alliances in strategically coordinated climate communication.</em></p>
1073. </blockquote>
1074. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46477-4" target="_blank">Increase in concerns about <span id="skstip137" class="skstip beginner disabled">climate change</span> following <span id="skstip138" class="skstip beginner disabled">climate</span> strikes and civil disobedience in Germany</a></strong><span>, Brehm & Gruhl, </span><em>Nature Communications</em></p>
1075. <blockquote>
1076. <p style="text-align: left;"><em>Climate movements have gained momentum in recent years, aiming to create public awareness of the consequences of climate change through salient climate protests. This paper investigates whether concerns about climate change increase following demonstrative protests and confrontational acts of civil disobedience. Leveraging individual-level survey panel data from Germany, we exploit exogenous variations in the timing of climate protests relative to survey interview dates to compare climate change concerns in the days before and after a protest (N = 24,535). Following climate protests, we find increases in concerns about climate change by, on average, 1.2 percentage points. Further, we find no statistically significant evidence that concerns of any subpopulation decreased after climate protests. Lastly, the increase in concerns following protests is highest when concern levels before the protests are low.</em></p>
1077. </blockquote>
1078. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400292121" target="_blank">Cyclone Jasper’s rains in the context of <span id="skstip159" class="skstip beginner disabled">climate change</span></a></strong><span>, Emanuel, </span><em><span id="skstip160" class="skstip intermediate disabled">Proceedings of the National Academy of Science</span>s</em></p>
1079. <blockquote>
1080. <p style="text-align: left;"><em>Cyclone Jasper struck northern Queensland in mid-December, 2023, causing extensive flooding stemming from torrential rain. Many stations reported rainfall totals exceeding 1 m, and a few surpassed 2 m, possibly making Jasper the wettest tropical cyclone in Australian history. To be better prepared for events like Jasper, it is useful to estimate the probability of rainfall events of Jasper’s magnitude and how that probability is likely to evolve as climate warms. To make such estimates, we apply an advanced tropical cyclone downscaling technique to nine global climate models, generating a total of 27,000 synthetic tropical cyclones each for the climate of the recent past and that of the end of this century. We estimate that the annual probability of 1 m of rain from tropical cyclones at Cairns increases from about 0.8% at the end of the 20th century to about 2.3% at the end of the 21st, a factor of almost three. Interpolating frequency to the year 2023 suggests that the current annual probability of Jasper’s rainfall is about 1.2%, about a 50% increase over that of the year 2000. Further analysis suggests that the primary causes of increasing rainfall are stronger cyclones and a moister atmosphere.</em></p>
1081. </blockquote>
1082. <p style="text-align: left;"><span><strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47400-7" target="_blank">Integrating science and the arts to deglobalise <span id="skstip205" class="skstip beginner disabled">climate change</span> adaptation</a></strong><span>, Olazabal et al., </span><em>Nature Communications</em></span></p>
1083. <blockquote>
1084. <p style="text-align: left;"><em>Language has so far been the key resource for awareness-raising, communication, planning, negotiation, and decision-making in the socio-political arenas of adaptation. In theory, language should not be limited to describing the present but also to imagining adaptation realities and challenging them to create disruptive pathways for action. At a time when adaptation had a limited role in policy discourses, language has been very useful in creating symbolism<a id="ref-link-section-d92848755e424" title="Biesbroek, R. & Lesnikowski, A. Unpacking symbolic policy-making for the first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement. npj Clim. Action 2, 1–3 (2023)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47400-7#ref-CR13" data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref">13</a> through universal abstractions regarding what adaptation involves (resilience, transformation, justice) or what it is not meant to involve (risk, maladaptation or vulnerability). However, it has not been successful in shaping imaginaries of what adaptation might look like on the ground. Two significant challenges hinder the use of language as an entry point for context-specific adaptation management: (1) its abstraction and technocratisation, and (2) its lack of local meaning. We here argue that, while the current language used in adaptation is a critical resource across stages of policy, planning, awareness and education, it alone cannot generate ownership and produce relevant action at the local level. Visuals are also necessary tools.</em></p>
1085. </blockquote>
1086. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>From this week's government/NGO <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2024_10.html#gov-ngo">section:</a> </strong><span> </span></p>
1087. <p><strong><a href="https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1218&context=sabin_climate_change" target="_blank">Rebutting 33 False Claims About Solar, Wind and Electric Vehicles</a>, </strong>Eisenson et. al., <strong>Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, Columbia University</strong></p>
1088. <blockquote><em>Getting the U.S. energy system onto an environmentally sustainable track will require rapid and widespread development of wind, solar, and other renewable energy facilities; corresponding storage, transmission, and distribution infrastructure; and timely industry-specific transitions, such as battery electric vehicles replacing their combustion-engine counterparts. Broad public support exists for transformative climate policies, with a June 2023 Pew Research Center survey finding that 67% of U.S. adults prioritize developing renewable energy sources over increased fossil fuel production. However, “misinformation” and coordinated “disinformation” have at times undermined support for renewable energy projects and electric vehicles. The authors address some of the more prevalent and persistent distortions about solar energy, wind energy, and electric vehicles, with the aim of promoting a more informed discussion.</em> </blockquote>
1089. <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><a href="https://www.2035report.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/GridLab_2035-Reconductoring-Technical-Report.pdf" target="_blank">2035 and Beyond. Reconductoring With Advanced Conductors Can Accelerate the Rapid Transmission Expansion Required for a Clean Grid</a>, </strong>Chojkiewicz et al., <strong>Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley and GridLab</strong></p>
1090. <blockquote><em>The authors combines the latest energy cost data with state-of-the-art grid modeling to quantify three key elements: the cost of reconductoring with advanced conductors; the associated gains in transmission capacity; and the associated contribution to meeting transmission needs by 2035.</em></blockquote>
1091. <h3 style="text-align: left;">153 articles in 55 journals by 838 contributing authors</h3>
1092. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Physical science of climate change, effects</strong></p>
1093. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01954-y" target="_blank">Antarctic meteorites threatened by climate warming</a>, Tollenaar et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-01954-y.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41558-024-01954-y</p>
1094. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100668" target="_blank">Dynamics of an extreme low temperature event over South Africa amid a warming climate</a>, Chikoore et al., <em>Weather and Climate Extremes</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100668" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.wace.2024.100668</p>
1095. <!--more-->
1096. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07193-3" target="_blank">Greenhouse gas-induced modification of intense storms over the west African sahel through thermodynamic and dynamic processes</a>, Zhao et al., <em>Climate Dynamics</em> 10.1007/s00382-024-07193-3</p>
1097. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Observations of climate change, effects</strong></p>
1098. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.8459" target="_blank">How extreme hydrological events correspond to climate extremes in the context of global warming: A case study in the Luanhe River Basin of North China</a>, Gao et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> 10.1002/joc.8459</p>
1099. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-00539-9" target="_blank">Ocean heat content in 2023</a>, Cheng et al., <em>Nature Reviews Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00539-9.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s43017-024-00539-9</p>
1100. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-00547-9" target="_blank">Precipitation extremes in 2023</a>, Fowler et al., <em>Nature Reviews Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00547-9.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s43017-024-00547-9</p>
1101. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-04963-1" target="_blank">Precipitation, temperature and potential evapotranspiration for 1991–2020 climate normals over Africa</a>, Lim Kam Sian et al., <em>Theoretical and Applied Climatology</em> 10.1007/s00704-024-04963-1</p>
1102. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2322127121" target="_blank">Soil moisture decline in China’s monsoon loess critical zone: More a result of land-use conversion than climate change</a>, Wang et al., <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> 10.1073/pnas.2322127121</p>
1103. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107410" target="_blank">The increases in extreme climatic events over the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and their association with atmospheric circulation changes</a>, Liu et al., <em>Atmospheric Research</em> 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107410</p>
1104. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jc020180" target="_blank">Trends of Sediment Resuspension and Budget in Southern Lake Michigan Under Changing Wave Climate and Hydrodynamic Environment</a>, Zhu et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023JC020180" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023JC020180" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023jc020180</p>
1105. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Instrumentation & observational methods of climate change, effects</strong></p>
1106. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.8434" target="_blank">A method for homogenization of complex daily mean temperature data: Application at Beijing Observatory (1915–2021) and trend analysis</a>, Chen et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> 10.1002/joc.8434</p>
1107. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-573-2024" target="_blank">A past and present perspective on the European summer vapor pressure deficit</a>, Nagavciuc et al., <em>Climate of the Past</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/20/573/2024/cp" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/20/573/2024/cp-20-573-2024.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.5194/cp-20-573-2024</p>
1108. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1365469" target="_blank">Assessing climate impacts on slow-moving landslides in the western Alps of Piemonte: integration of monitoring techniques for detecting displacements</a>, Narcisi et al., <em>Frontiers in Earth Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2024.1365469/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2024.1365469/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/feart.2024.1365469</p>
1109. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2024gl108452" target="_blank">Radiative Effect of Two Contrail Cirrus Outbreaks Over Western Europe Estimated Using Geostationary Satellite Observations and Radiative Transfer Calculations</a>, Wang et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2024GL108452" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2024GL108452" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2024gl108452</p>
1110. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100671" target="_blank">Representing natural climate variability in an event attribution context: Indo-Pakistani heatwave of 2022</a>, Nath et al., <em>Weather and Climate Extremes</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100671" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.wace.2024.100671</p>
1111. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Modeling, simulation & projection of climate change, effects</strong></p>
1112. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07185-3" target="_blank">Collapse and slow recovery of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) under abrupt greenhouse gas forcing</a>, Curtis & Fedorov, <em>Climate Dynamics</em> 10.1007/s00382-024-07185-3</p>
1113. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07160-y" target="_blank">Extremes of summer Arctic sea ice reduction investigated with a rare event algorithm</a>, Sauer et al., <em>Climate Dynamics</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00382" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00382-024-07160-y.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s00382-024-07160-y</p>
1114. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023ef004312" target="_blank">Global Projection of Flood Risk With a Bivariate Framework Under 1.5–3.0°C Warming Levels</a>, Huang et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004312" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004312" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023ef004312</p>
1115. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-04890-1" target="_blank">Hydro-geochemical conditions under projected climate change scenarios of Marshyangdi River, Nepal</a>, Singh et al., <em>Theoretical and Applied Climatology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2487383/latest.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s00704-024-04890-1</p>
1116. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-024-03723-4" target="_blank">Multi-model ensemble of frost risks across East Asia (1850–2100)</a>, Richards & Brimblecombe, <em>Climatic Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10584" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10584-024-03723-4.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s10584-024-03723-4</p>
1117. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-04950-6" target="_blank">Projected changes in rainfall and temperature using CMIP6 models over the Okavango River basin, southern Africa</a>, Moses, <em>Theoretical and Applied Climatology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00704" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00704-024-04950-6.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s00704-024-04950-6</p>
1118. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07194-2" target="_blank">Response of west pacific subtropical high to northern hemispheric warming: insights from paleo climate models</a>, Priya et al., <em>Climate Dynamics</em> 10.1007/s00382-024-07194-2</p>
1119. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Advancement of climate & climate effects modeling, simulation & projection</strong></p>
1120. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gl107983" target="_blank">Decadal Evolution of Ice-Ocean Interactions at a Large East Greenland Glacier Resolved at Fjord Scale With Downscaled Ocean Models and Observations</a>, Wood et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GL107983" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GL107983" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023gl107983</p>
1121. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jd039407" target="_blank">Does a Scale-Aware Convective Parameterization Scheme Improve the Simulation of Heavy Rainfall Events?</a>, Park et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023JD039407" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023JD039407" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023jd039407</p>
1122. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01332-8" target="_blank">Exacerbated summer European warming not captured by climate models neglecting long-term aerosol changes</a>, Schumacher et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01332-8.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s43247-024-01332-8</p>
1123. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01507-9" target="_blank">High-resolution meteorology with climate change impacts from global climate model data using generative machine learning</a>, Buster et al., <em>Nature Energy</em> 10.1038/s41560-024-01507-9</p>
1124. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jd039774" target="_blank">Improving Earth System Model Selection Methodologies for Projecting Hydroclimatic Change: Case Study in the Pacific Northwest</a>, Lybarger et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023JD039774" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023JD039774" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023jd039774</p>
1125. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01339-1" target="_blank">Observational constraint on a feedback from supercooled clouds reduces projected warming uncertainty</a>, Cesana et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01339-1.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s43247-024-01339-1</p>
1126. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3779508/v1" target="_blank">On the relation of CMIP6 GCMs errors at RCM driving boundary condition zones and inner region for Central Europe region</a>, Holtanová et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3779508/latest.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3779508/v1</p>
1127. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Cryosphere & climate change</strong></p>
1128. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2024.04.004" target="_blank">Dynamics of the spatiotemporal velocity of glaciers on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga, China, under climate change</a>, FU et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2024.04.004" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2024.04.004</p>
1129. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1633-2024" target="_blank">Fifty years of firn evolution on Grigoriev ice cap, Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan</a>, Machguth et al., <em>The Cryosphere</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/tc-18-1633-2024</p>
1130. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-119" target="_blank">Globally consistent estimates of high-resolution Antarctic ice mass balance and spatially-resolved glacial isostatic adjustment</a>, Willen et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/18/775/2024/tc" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/18/775/2024/tc-18-775-2024.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.5194/tc-2023-119</p>
1131. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-00542-0" target="_blank">Sea ice in 2023</a>, Roach & Meier Holmes Stevens Swaminathan Wang Massonnet Johansson Johansson Johansson Zimin Fleury Kshitija Kopec Gavriluk Eriksson Yang Zhang, <em>Nature Reviews Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00542-0.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s43017-024-00542-0</p>
1132. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Sea level & climate change</strong></p>
1133. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023ef003672" target="_blank">The Future of Developed Barrier Systems: 1. Pathways Toward Uninhabitability, Drowning, and Rebound</a>, Anarde et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF003672" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF003672" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023ef003672</p>
1134. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023ef004200" target="_blank">The Future of Developed Barrier Systems: 2. Alongshore Complexities and Emergent Climate Change Dynamics</a>, Anarde et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004200" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004200" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023ef004200</p>
1135. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Biology & climate change, related geochemistry</strong></p>
1136. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3304270/v1" target="_blank">AI-driven remote sensing enhances Mediterranean seagrass monitoring and conservation to combat climate change and anthropogenic impacts</a>, Chowdhury et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3304270/latest.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3304270/v1</p>
1137. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s44183-024-00059-5" target="_blank">Beyond boundaries: governance considerations for climate-driven habitat shifts of highly migratory marine species across jurisdictions</a>, Santos et al., <em>npj Ocean Sustainability</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s44183" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s44183-024-00059-5.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s44183-024-00059-5</p>
1138. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14266" target="_blank">Collective effects of rising average temperatures and heat events on oviparous embryos</a>, Ma et al., <em>Conservation Biology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cobi.14266" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cobi.14266" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1111/cobi.14266</p>
1139. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1347160" target="_blank">Exploring the mechanisms behind swimming performance limits to ocean warming and acidification in the Atlantic king scallop, Pecten maximus</a>, Bock et al., <em>Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2024.1347160/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2024.1347160/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fevo.2024.1347160</p>
1140. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2023.0334" target="_blank">Future changes in society and climate may strongly shape wild large-herbivore faunas across Europe</a>, Davoli & Svenning, <em>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</em> 10.1098/rstb.2023.0334</p>
1141. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17249" target="_blank">Increasing spread rates of tropical non-native macrophytes in the Mediterranean Sea</a>, Wesselmann et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> 10.1111/gcb.17249</p>
1142. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07010" target="_blank">Invasion risk of the currently cultivated alien flora in southern Africa is predicted to decline under climate change</a>, Omer et al., <em>Ecography</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ecog.07010" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ecog.07010" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1111/ecog.07010</p>
1143. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gl106577" target="_blank">Long-Term Trends in the Distribution of Ocean Chlorophyll</a>, Zhai et al., <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GL106577" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GL106577" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023gl106577</p>
1144. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-00534-0" target="_blank">Plant responses to changing rainfall frequency and intensity</a>, Feldman et al., <em>Nature Reviews Earth & Environment</em> 10.1038/s43017-024-00534-0</p>
1145. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4629007" target="_blank">Precipitation and relative humidity favours tree growth while air temperature and relative humidity respectively drive winter stem shrinkage and expansion</a>, Oogathoo et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.2139/ssrn.4629007</p>
1146. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/njb.04250" target="_blank">Predicting the effect of climate change on the geographic range of the Mediterranean relict tree Liquidambar orientalis Mill</a>, Kenar, <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 10.1111/njb.04250</p>
1147. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2023.0335" target="_blank">Predicting the responses of European grassland communities to climate and land cover change</a>, Liu & Van Meerbeek, <em>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</em> 10.1098/rstb.2023.0335</p>
1148. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2023.0011" target="_blank">Projected future climatic forcing on the global distribution of vegetation types</a>, Allen et al., <em>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2023.0011" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2023.0011" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1098/rstb.2023.0011</p>
1149. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17255" target="_blank">Projected ocean temperatures impair key proteins used in vision of octopus hatchlings</a>, Hua et al., <em>Global Change Biology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/gcb.17255" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/gcb.17255" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1111/gcb.17255</p>
1150. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2023.0013" target="_blank">Range and climate niche shifts in European and North American breeding birds</a>, Zurell et al., <em>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2023.0013" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2023.0013" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1098/rstb.2023.0013</p>
1151. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-181" target="_blank">Seasonality and response of ocean acidification and hypoxia to major environmental anomalies in the southern Salish Sea, North America (2014–2018)</a>, Alin et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/1639/2024/bg" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/1639/2024/bg-21-1639-2024.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.5194/bg-2023-181</p>
1152. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023ef004141" target="_blank">Simulated Abrupt Shifts in Aerobic Habitats of Marine Species in the Past, Present, and Future</a>, Fröb et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004141" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004141" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023ef004141</p>
1153. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01981-9" target="_blank">Temperature optima of a natural diatom population increases as global warming proceeds</a>, Hattich et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-01981-9.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41558-024-01981-9</p>
1154. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2023.0022" target="_blank">Towards a novel biosphere in 2300: rapid and extensive global and biome-wide climatic novelty in the Anthropocene</a>, Ordonez et al., <em>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</em> 10.1098/rstb.2023.0022</p>
1155. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2023.0017" target="_blank">Using ancient sedimentary DNA to forecast ecosystem trajectories under climate change</a>, Alsos et al., <em>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2023.0017" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2023.0017" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1098/rstb.2023.0017</p>
1156. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>GHG sources & sinks, flux, related geochemistry</strong></p>
1157. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-826" target="_blank">Aircraft-based mass balance estimate of methane emissions from offshore gas facilities in the southern North Sea</a>, Pühl et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://elib.dlr.de/199864/1/acp" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://elib.dlr.de/199864/1/acp-2022-826.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.5194/acp-2022-826</p>
1158. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01405-5" target="_blank">Anthropogenic impacts on mud and organic carbon cycling</a>, Bianchi et al., <em>Nature Geoscience</em> 10.1038/s41561-024-01405-5</p>
1159. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4231-2024" target="_blank">Atmospheric oxygen as a tracer for fossil fuel carbon dioxide: a sensitivity study in the UK</a>, Chawner et al., <em>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/acp" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/acp-24-4231-2024</p>
1160. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-00532-2" target="_blank">Global carbon emissions in 2023</a>, Liu et al., <em>Nature Reviews Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00532-2.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s43017-024-00532-2</p>
1161. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-61" target="_blank">High-resolution spatial patterns and drivers of terrestrial ecosystem carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide fluxes in the tundra</a>, Virkkala et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/123456789/93073/1/virkkalaym.pdf" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/123456789/93073/1/virkkalaym.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.5194/bg-2023-61</p>
1162. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101896" target="_blank">How urbanization shapes the ecosystem carbon sink of vegetation in China: A spatiotemporal analysis of direct and indirect effects</a>, Wang et al., <em>Urban Climate</em> 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101896</p>
1163. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jc020482" target="_blank">Methane Distribution, Production, and Emission in the Western North Pacific</a>, Wang et al., <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</em> 10.1029/2023jc020482</p>
1164. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120512" target="_blank">Real-world particulate, GHG, and gaseous toxic emissions from heavy-duty diesel and natural gas vehicles</a>, Toumasatos et al., <em>Atmospheric Environment</em> 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120512</p>
1165. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank">Spatial and temporal variations of gross primary production simulated by land surface model BCC&AVIM2.0</a>, Li et al., <em>Advances in Climate Change Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001</p>
1166. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gb008016" target="_blank">The African Regional Greenhouse Gases Budget (2010–2019)</a>, Ernst et al., <em>Global Biogeochemical Cycles</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GB008016" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GB008016" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023gb008016</p>
1167. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gb007953" target="_blank">The Net GHG Balance and Budget of the Permafrost Region (2000–2020) From Ecosystem Flux Upscaling</a>, Ramage et al., <em>Global Biogeochemical Cycles</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GB007953" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023GB007953" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023gb007953</p>
1168. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>CO2 capture, sequestration science & engineering</strong></p>
1169. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ghg.2265" target="_blank">Assessing the potential for CO2 storage in saline aquifers in Brazil: Challenges and Opportunities</a>, Weber et al., <em>Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology</em> 10.1002/ghg.2265</p>
1170. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1338795" target="_blank">Estimating carbon sequestration potential and optimizing management strategies for Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forests using machine learning</a>, Lv et al., <em>Frontiers in Forests and Global Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1338795/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1338795/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1338795</p>
1171. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516" target="_blank">Quantifying soil organic carbon after biochar application: how to avoid (the risk of) counting CDR twice?</a>, Rathnayake et al., <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516</p>
1172. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Decarbonization</strong></p>
1173. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103516" target="_blank">Bringing light, connectivity and waste to local communities: A study of the post-consumption value chain for off-grid solar devices in Kenya</a>, Majale et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103516" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103516</p>
1174. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103514" target="_blank">Do laundry when the sun shines: Factors that promote loadshifting in Dutch households with solar panels</a>, Hubert et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103514" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103514</p>
1175. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2024.101439" target="_blank">GIS-based suitability mapping for offshore and onshore wind energy in the United Arab Emirates</a>, Gherboudj, <em>Energy for Sustainable Development</em> 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101439</p>
1176. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103541" target="_blank">The electric vehicle transition: A blessing or a curse for improving extractive industries and mineral supply chains?</a>, Boateng & Klopp, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103541" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103541</p>
1177. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Geoengineering climate</strong></p>
1178. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102288" target="_blank">Moral hazards and solar radiation management: Evidence from a large-scale online experiment</a>, Schoenegger & Mintz-Woo, <em>Journal of Environmental Psychology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102288" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102288</p>
1179. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023ef004151" target="_blank">Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Stabilize Northern Hemisphere Terrestrial Permafrost Under the ARISE-SAI-1.5 Scenario</a>, Morrison et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004151" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004151" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023ef004151</p>
1180. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103539" target="_blank">The politics of assembling pilots: Policy networks and selection strategies in top-down climate experimentation</a>, Yang & Lo, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103539</p>
1181. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Black carbon</strong></p>
1182. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107396" target="_blank">Direct radiative forcing of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols in China</a>, Yang et al., <em>Atmospheric Research</em> 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107396</p>
1183. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Aerosols</strong></p>
1184. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120499" target="_blank">Effects of emission reductions on major anthropogenic aerosol-radiation-cloud interactions in East Asia in winter during 2007–2020</a>, Hu et al., <em>Atmospheric Environment</em> 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120499</p>
1185. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01332-8" target="_blank">Exacerbated summer European warming not captured by climate models neglecting long-term aerosol changes</a>, Schumacher et al., <em>Communications Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01332-8.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s43247-024-01332-8</p>
1186. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4065-2024" target="_blank">Sensitivity of global direct aerosol shortwave radiative forcing to uncertainties in aerosol optical properties</a>, Elsey et al., <em>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/acp" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.5194/acp-24-4065-2024</p>
1187. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change communications & cognition</strong></p>
1188. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06473-9" target="_blank">Climate change in outskirts of Kathmandu Valley: local perception and narratives</a>, Gharti Magar et al., <em>Natural Hazards</em> 10.1007/s11069-024-06473-9</p>
1189. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103497" target="_blank">Gaslighting Europe: Russia's energy disinformation in the Czech Republic</a>, Pali?ková & ?ernoch, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103497</p>
1190. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103502" target="_blank">Greenwashing, net-zero, and the oil sands in Canada: The case of Pathways Alliance</a>, Aronczyk et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103502" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103502</p>
1191. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46477-4" target="_blank">Increase in concerns about climate change following climate strikes and civil disobedience in Germany</a>, Brehm & Gruhl, <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1038/s41467-024-46477-4</p>
1192. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102290" target="_blank">Proud to limit the damage: Negatively framed eco-ratings motivate green intentions through anticipated pride</a>, Gorissen et al., <em>Journal of Environmental Psychology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102290" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102290</p>
1193. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47134-6" target="_blank">Rectifying misinformation on the climate intervention potential of ocean afforestation</a>, Smetacek et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47134-6.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41467-024-47134-6</p>
1194. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47135-5" target="_blank">Reply to: Rectifying misinformation on the climate intervention potential of ocean afforestation</a>, Bach et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47135-5.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41467-024-47135-5</p>
1195. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04828-7" target="_blank">The role of tertiary education on CO2 emissions: evidence from 151 countries</a>, Lee et al., <em>Environment, Development and Sustainability</em> 10.1007/s10668-024-04828-7</p>
1196. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2024.2339271" target="_blank">Transmitting the Transition in a Moment of Climate Crisis: An Analysis of Intermediaries’ Communication Practices</a>, Wuebben et al., <em>Environmental Communication</em> 10.1080/17524032.2024.2339271</p>
1197. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Agronomy, animal husbundry, food production & climate change</strong></p>
1198. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023ef004063" target="_blank">Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Crop Yields and Exploring Adaptation Strategies in Northeast China</a>, Xu et al., <em>Earth's Future</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004063" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2023EF004063" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1029/2023ef004063</p>
1199. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10122-8" target="_blank">Enhancing crop yields and farm income through climate-smart agricultural practices in Eastern India</a>, Tanti et al., <em>Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11027" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11027-024-10122-8.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s11027-024-10122-8</p>
1200. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3220211/v1" target="_blank">Global warming determines future increase in compound dry and hot days within wheat growing seasons worldwide</a>, He et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3220211/latest.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3220211/v1</p>
1201. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.109937" target="_blank">Long-term straw return to a wheat-maize system results in topsoil organic C saturation and increased yields while no stimulating or reducing yield-scaled N<sub>2</sub>O and NO emissions</a>, Yao et al., <em>Agricultural and Forest Meteorology</em> 10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.109937</p>
1202. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1039915" target="_blank">Socioeconomic determinants of modern climate change adaptation of small-scale vegetable farmers in Bohlabela District, Mpumalanga Province</a>, Maiwashe Tagwi & Khoza, <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2023.1039915/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2023.1039915/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fclim.2023.1039915</p>
1203. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1330025" target="_blank">Vulnerability and resilience in the face of climate changes in Senegal's drylands: measurement at the household level and determinant assessment</a>, Yessoufou et al., <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1330025/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1330025/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fclim.2024.1330025</p>
1204. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Hydrology, hydrometeorology & climate change</strong></p>
1205. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107395" target="_blank">Change in the distribution of heavy 1 h precipitation due to temperature changes in measured values, model reanalyses and model simulations of future climate</a>, Sokol et al., <em>Atmospheric Research</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107395" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107395</p>
1206. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-04942-6" target="_blank">Climate change impacts on evapotranspiration in Brazil: a multi-model assessment</a>, Monteiro et al., <em>Theoretical and Applied Climatology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1236485/latest.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s00704-024-04942-6</p>
1207. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2400292121" target="_blank">Cyclone Jasper’s rains in the context of climate change</a>, Emanuel, <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2400292121" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2400292121" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1073/pnas.2400292121</p>
1208. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01982-8" target="_blank">Diverging hydrological sensitivity among tropical basins</a>, He et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-024-01982-8</p>
1209. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.8459" target="_blank">How extreme hydrological events correspond to climate extremes in the context of global warming: A case study in the Luanhe River Basin of North China</a>, Gao et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> 10.1002/joc.8459</p>
1210. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-024-02005-8" target="_blank">Nature-based solutions potential for flood risk reduction under extreme rainfall events</a>, Manes et al., <em>Ambio</em> 10.1007/s13280-024-02005-8</p>
1211. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06574-5" target="_blank">Projecting drought trends and hot spots across Iran</a>, Khoorani et al., <em>Natural Hazards</em> 10.1007/s11069-024-06574-5</p>
1212. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cli2.69" target="_blank">The future is transient: Barriers and opportunities for improved UK water resource climate change assessments using the enhanced Future Flows and Groundwater (eFLaG) climate service products</a>, Durant et al., <em>Climate Resilience and Sustainability</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cli2.69" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cli2.69" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1002/cli2.69</p>
1213. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change economics</strong></p>
1214. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04835-8" target="_blank">Exploring the link between CO2 emissions, health expenditure, and economic growth in Türkiye: evidence from the ARDL model</a>, Çobano?ullar?, <em>Environment, Development and Sustainability</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10668" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10668-024-04835-8.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s10668-024-04835-8</p>
1215. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114104" target="_blank">Reducing the cost of capital through international climate finance to accelerate the renewable energy transition in developing countries</a>, Briera & Lefèvre, <em>Energy Policy</em> 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114104</p>
1216. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-024-00864-z" target="_blank">Social Costs of Methane and Carbon Dioxide in a Tipping Climate</a>, Wiskich, <em>Environmental and Resource Economics</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10640" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10640-024-00864-z.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s10640-024-00864-z</p>
1217. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2024.2338817" target="_blank">Unlocking climate finance for social protection: an analysis of the Green Climate Fund</a>, Aleksandrova et al., <em>Climate Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14693062.2024.2338817?needAccess=true" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14693062.2024.2338817?needAccess=true" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1080/14693062.2024.2338817</p>
1218. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change mitigation public policy research</strong></p>
1219. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103495" target="_blank">Changing networks of power: A theoretical approach to the study of capitalized power in contemporary energy transitions</a>, Levi & Israel, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103495</p>
1220. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103511" target="_blank">Climate action from a gender perspective: A systematic review of the impact of climate policies on inequality</a>, Alonso-Epelde et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103511" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103511</p>
1221. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13469" target="_blank">Climate true-cost analysis of industrial goods and its regulatory implications on value chains and global competition</a>, Schlipf et al., <em>Journal of Industrial Ecology</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jiec.13469" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jiec.13469" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1111/jiec.13469</p>
1222. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103493" target="_blank">Does corruption shape attitudes towards carbon taxes? Experimental evidence from Mexico and Sweden</a>, Davidovic, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103493" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103493</p>
1223. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114116" target="_blank">Effectiveness of policies for electric commercial vehicle adoption and emission reduction in the logistics industry</a>, Yang et al., <em>Energy Policy</em> 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114116</p>
1224. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103491" target="_blank">Energy systems for Brazil's Amazon: Could renewable energy improve Indigenous livelihoods and save forest ecosystems?</a>, Hampl, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103491" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103491</p>
1225. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103521" target="_blank">Energy, material, and resource efficiency for industrial decarbonization: A systematic review of sociotechnical systems, technological innovations, and policy options</a>, Kim et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103521</p>
1226. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103512" target="_blank">Explaining energy transition: A systemic social mechanisms approach illustrated with the examples of Germany and Poland</a>, Weisenfeld & Rollert, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103512" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103512</p>
1227. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103503" target="_blank">Financially-constrained solar development: A comparative analysis of urban fabrics and scalar expression in Portugal and Rajasthan</a>, Sareen, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103503" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103503</p>
1228. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103520" target="_blank">From Fukushima to fossil fuels: Carbon emissions, climate narratives, and grassroots movements in Japan's energy transition</a>, Thiri & Borsi, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103520" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103520</p>
1229. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114101" target="_blank">Global urbanization and ruralization lessons of clean energy access gap</a>, Alola, <em>Energy Policy</em> 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114101</p>
1230. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103525" target="_blank">Greenhouse gas neutrality: A qualitative analysis of perceived sustainability tensions in the German chemical industry</a>, Heck et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103525" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103525</p>
1231. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103496" target="_blank">Identifying and analysing important model assumptions: Combining techno-economic and political feasibility of deep decarbonisation pathways in Norway</a>, Inderberg et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103496" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103496</p>
1232. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102284" target="_blank">Increasing retrofit device adoption in social housing: Evidence from two field experiments in Belgium</a>, Bielig et al., <em>Journal of Environmental Psychology</em> 10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102284</p>
1233. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103505" target="_blank">Industrial process heat decarbonization: A user-centric perspective</a>, McMillan & Wachs, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103505</p>
1234. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103506" target="_blank">Labour implications of the net-zero transition and clean energy exports in Australia</a>, McCoy et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103506" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103506</p>
1235. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103530" target="_blank">Land acquisition, renewable energy development, and livelihood transformation in rural Kenya: The case of the Kipeto wind energy project</a>, NDI, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103530" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103530</p>
1236. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1355508" target="_blank">Land use and Europe’s renewable energy transition: identifying low-conflict areas for wind and solar development</a>, Kiesecker et al., <em>Frontiers in Environmental Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1355508/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1355508/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1355508</p>
1237. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103518" target="_blank">Network dynamics of solar PV adoption: Reconsidering flat tax-credits and influencer seeding for inclusive renewable energy access in Albany county, New York</a>, Sundaram et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103518" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103518</p>
1238. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103529" target="_blank">People of the sun: Local resistance and solar energy (in)justice in southern Portugal</a>, Brás et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103529" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103529</p>
1239. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103509" target="_blank">Perceptions of competing agendas in carbon neutrality policies in Portugal: Adverse impacts on vulnerable population groups</a>, Mahoney et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103509" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103509</p>
1240. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04804-1" target="_blank">Research on China’s regional carbon quota allocation based on the entropy weight-TOPSIS method and CRITIC-VIKOR model</a>, Zhang et al., <em>Environment, Development and Sustainability</em> 10.1007/s10668-024-04804-1</p>
1241. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103507" target="_blank">Rethinking justice as recognition in energy transitions and planned coal phase-out in Poland</a>, Tarasova, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103507" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103507</p>
1242. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103507" target="_blank">Rethinking justice as recognition in energy transitions and planned coal phase-out in Poland</a>, Tarasova, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103507" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103507</p>
1243. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10128-2" target="_blank">Rural energy transition in the context of rural revitalization and carbon neutrality: improved multi-criteria-based decision-making</a>, Li et al., <em>Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change</em> 10.1007/s11027-024-10128-2</p>
1244. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170542258.83457109/v1" target="_blank">Significant Reduction of Unequal Population Exposure to Climate Extremes by Achieving the Carbon Neutrality</a>, Oh et al., <em></em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://essopenarchive.org/doi/pdf/10.22541/essoar.170542258.83457109" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://essopenarchive.org/doi/pdf/10.22541/essoar.170542258.83457109" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.22541/essoar.170542258.83457109/v1</p>
1245. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2024.2337178" target="_blank">Socio-economic constraints to low-carbon transitions: insights from Kazakhstan’s Emissions Trading Scheme</a>, Howie & Akmetov, <em>Climate Policy</em> 10.1080/14693062.2024.2337178</p>
1246. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103532" target="_blank">Struggles over solar in the United States: Oppositional coalitions and the limits of territorial resentment</a>, Jacroux & Freshour, <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103532</p>
1247. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103736" target="_blank">Towards just transition: Tackling inequity and structural causes of vulnerability in key environment, health and climate related policies in Finland</a>, Tikkakoski et al., <em>Environmental Science & Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103736" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103736</p>
1248. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01967-7" target="_blank">Turning a groundswell of climate action into ground rules for net zero</a>, Hale et al., <em>Nature Climate Change</em> 10.1038/s41558-024-01967-7</p>
1249. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103750" target="_blank">Understanding the science-policy interface in urban climate governance from a co-production perspective: Insights from the cases of Hamburg and São Paulo</a>, Schmidt et al., <em>Environmental Science & Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103750" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103750</p>
1250. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101895" target="_blank">Untangling the forces behind carbon emissions in China's industrial sector - A pre and post 12th energy climate plan analysis</a>, Yasmeen et al., <em>Urban Climate</em> 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101895</p>
1251. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103537" target="_blank">“The ketchup effect”: Challenges in reconciling growth and justice in Northern Sweden's green transition</a>, Garbis et al., <em>Energy Research & Social Science</em> 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103537</p>
1252. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change adaptation & adaptation public policy research</strong></p>
1253. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04885-y" target="_blank">Climate change resilience strategies for safeguarding sustainable tourism in Zimbabwe</a>, Chiwaridzo & Dzingirai, <em>Environment, Development and Sustainability</em> 10.1007/s10668-024-04885-y</p>
1254. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2024.2337168" target="_blank">Evaluating policy coherence and integration for adaptation: the case of EU policies and Arctic cross-border climate change impacts</a>, Kivimaa et al., <em>Climate Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14693062.2024.2337168?needAccess=true" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14693062.2024.2337168?needAccess=true" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1080/14693062.2024.2337168</p>
1255. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1291165" target="_blank">Harnessing climate services to support community resilience planning: lessons learned from a community-engaged approach to assessing NOAA’s National Water Model</a>, Raub et al., <em>Frontiers in Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1291165/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1291165/pdf?isPublishedV2=False" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.3389/fclim.2024.1291165</p>
1256. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47400-7" target="_blank">Integrating science and the arts to deglobalise climate change adaptation</a>, Olazabal et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47400-7.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41467-024-47400-7</p>
1257. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46970-w" target="_blank">Meta-analysis indicates better climate adaptation and mitigation performance of hybrid engineering-natural coastal defence measures</a>, Huynh et al., <em>Nature Communications</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46970-w.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s41467-024-46970-w</p>
1258. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101888" target="_blank">Plan integration for urban extreme heat: Evaluating the impacts of plans at multiple scales in Tokyo, Japan</a>, Yu et al., <em>Urban Climate</em> 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101888</p>
1259. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000331" target="_blank">Quantifying climate risks to infrastructure systems: A comparative review of developments across infrastructure sectors</a>, Verschuur et al., <em>PLOS Climate</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://journals.plos.org/climate/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pclm.0000331&type=printable" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://journals.plos.org/climate/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pclm.0000331&type=printable" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000331</p>
1260. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04819-8" target="_blank">Towards enhanced climate change adaptation: using traditional ecological knowledge to understand the environmental effects of urban growth in Abuja, Nigeria</a>, Inkani et al., <em>Environment, Development and Sustainability</em> 10.1007/s10668-024-04819-8</p>
1261. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change impacts on human health</strong></p>
1262. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07199-x" target="_blank">Climate change dominates the increasing exposure of global population to compound heatwave and humidity extremes in the future</a>, Wei et al., <em>Climate Dynamics</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3378606/latest.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1007/s00382-024-07199-x</p>
1263. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.8453" target="_blank">Climate change exacerbates the compounding of heat stress and flooding in the mid-latitudes</a>, Treppiedi et al., <em>International Journal of Climatology</em> 10.1002/joc.8453</p>
1264. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114108" target="_blank">How do energy efficiency measures affect the risk of summertime overheating and cold discomfort? Evidence from English homes</a>, Lomas et al., <em>Energy Policy</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114108" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114108</p>
1265. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Climate change impacts on human culture</strong></p>
1266. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2317158121" target="_blank">Capacity of the U.S. federal system for cultural heritage to meet challenges of climate change</a>, Rockman, <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> 10.1073/pnas.2317158121</p>
1267. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04813-0" target="_blank">Not a dream wedding: the hidden nexus between gender discrimination, climate change and child marriage</a>, Pastén et al., <em>Environment, Development and Sustainability</em> 10.1007/s10668-024-04813-0</p>
1268. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Other</strong></p>
1269. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07184-4" target="_blank">Persistent warming and anomalous biogeochemical signatures observed in the Northern Tropical Pacific Ocean during 2013–2020</a>, Tian & Zhang, <em>Climate Dynamics</em> 10.1007/s00382-024-07184-4</p>
1270. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Informed opinion, nudges & major initiatives</strong></p>
1271. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-00553-x" target="_blank">Chronicling the climate of 2023</a>, , <em>Nature Reviews Earth & Environment</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00553-x.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a></strong> 10.1038/s43017-024-00553-x</p>
1272. <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2024.101449" target="_blank">Climate change and biodiversity loss: new territories for financial authorities</a>, Chenet, <em>Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability</em> <a style="color: green;" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2024.101449" target="_blank"> Open Access</a> 10.1016/j.cosust.2024.101449</p>
1273. <hr />
1274. <h3 style="text-align: left;"><a id="gov-ngo"></a>Articles/Reports from Agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations Addressing Aspects of Climate Change</h3>
1275. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://assets.ctfassets.net/cxgxgstp8r5d/5Vty7kLXwx4csHEm4ztlJ7/0eddc9832684684e63451d1c3492d58b/2024WindSolar_3.pdf" target="_blank">A Decade of Growth in Solar and Wind Power: Trends Across the U.S</a>, </strong><strong>Climate Central</strong></p>
1276. <blockquote>America’s capacity to generate carbon-free electricity grew during 2023 — part of a decade-long growth trend for renewable energy. Solar and wind account for more of our nation’s energy mix than ever before. The authors analyzed historical data on solar and wind energy over 10 years, from 2014 to 2023. Their analysis shows that the amount of electricity produced from solar and wind power increased across the U.S. The U.S. generated 238,121 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of electricity from solar in 2023 — more than eight times the amount generated a decade earlier in 2014. Wind power has more than doubled this decade, with 425,325 GWh coming from wind installations across the country in 2023. Together, these two renewable energy sources generated enough electricity in 2023 to power the equivalent of more than 61 million average American homes. The most solar power generation came from California (68,816 GWh) and Texas (31,739 GWh) in 2023. Texas also led the country in power generated from wind (119,836 GWh).</blockquote>
1277. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/240404_GSR2024_GO.pdf" target="_blank">Renewables 2024 Global Status Report</a>, </strong>Couzin et al., <strong>REN21</strong></p>
1278. <blockquote>In 2023, global additions to renewable power capacity increased by an estimated 36% to reach 473 GW, a new record for the 22nd consecutive year. At the 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Dubai, 130 countries pledged to triple renewable energy capacity and double the annual rate of energy efficiency improvements by 2030. As countries reshaped trade and industrial policies in 2023, the United States launched more than 250 clean energy manufacturing projects following the adoption of the Inflation Reduction Act, and the European Union proposed the Net-Zero Industry Act and launched the first phase of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. Employment in the renewables sector increased by 8% in 2022 to reach 13.7 million jobs. The number of people lacking electricity access globally fell from 756 million in 2022 to 745 million in 2023.</blockquote>
1279. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3508497" target="_blank">Corporate Climate Risk: Measurements and Responses</a>, </strong>Li et al., <strong>Multiple</strong></p>
1280. <blockquote>The authors conduct a textual analysis of earnings call transcripts to quantify climate risk exposure at the firm level. We construct dictionaries that measure physical and transition climate risks separately and identify firms that proactively respond to climate risks. The validation analysis shows that the measures capture firm-level variations in respective climate risk exposure. Firms facing high transition risk, especially those that do not proactively respond, have been valued at a discount in recent years as aggregate investor attention to climate-related issues has been increasing. The authors document differences in how firms respond through investment, green innovation, and employment when facing high climate risk exposure.</blockquote>
1281. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27213/community-driven-relocation-recommendations-for-the-us-gulf-coast-region" target="_blank">Community-Driven Relocation. Recommendations for the U.S. Gulf Coast Region and Beyond</a>, </strong>Barnes et al., <strong>National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine</strong></p>
1282. <blockquote>As disaster recovery costs escalate, state and local governments cannot keep up, while federal recovery programs fall short of state requests for assistance. As households struggle to recover from one storm before the next one hits, families experience chronic stress with few opportunities for respite. Stress exacerbates other preexisting health conditions even as exposure to flooding and extreme heat aggravate those same conditions. These circumstances present an untenable long-term cycle of cumulative, compounding, and cascading risks, markedly increasing vulnerability. Addressing these growing challenges requires new ways of planning in anticipation of disasters and their growing potential for displacement. While disaster displacement is not a new phenomenon, the rapid escalation of climate-related disasters in the Gulf increases the urgency to develop pre-disaster policies to mitigate displacement and decrease suffering.</blockquote>
1283. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2024-EIA-More-Chilling-Than-Ever_SPREADS.pdf" target="_blank">More Chilling Than Ever. Tackling Europe’s ongoing illegal trade in HFC climate super pollutants</a>, </strong><strong>Environemntal Investigation Agency</strong></p>
1284. <blockquote>Significant levels of trafficking persist for hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), despite the worsening climate emergency. Commonly used in refrigeration and air-conditioning, HFCs are being phased out under the European Union (EU) F-gas Regulation. Driven by high profits and weak law enforcement, organized criminals are closely associated with this illicit trade. Traders are routing illegal HFC, sourced primarily in Türkiye and China, from Europe’s edge – Bulgaria – across the continent to the likes of Greece, Germany, France, Italy, Portugal and Spain. Traders are becoming more sophisticated and adapting their tactics to elude detection, for example by avoiding banned disposable cylinders and disguising HFCs as less regulated hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant alternatives.</blockquote>
1285. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://carbonmajors.org/site//data/000/027/Carbon_Majors_Launch_Report.pdf" target="_blank">The Carbon Majors Database</a>, </strong><strong>InfluenceMap</strong></p>
1286. <blockquote>The Carbon Majors database traces 1,421 GtCO2e of cumulative historical emissions from 1854 through 2022 to 122 industrial producers, the CO2 portion of which is equivalent to 72% of global fossil fuel and cement CO2 emissions since 1751. Over 70% of these global CO2 emissions historically can be attributed to just 78 corporate and state producing entities. Carbon Majors is a database of historic production data from 122 of the world’s largest oil, gas, coal, and cement producers. These data are used to quantify the direct production-linked operational emissions and emissions from the combustion of marketed products that can be attributed to these entities. The research shows that there are no leading regions when it comes to emissions reductions. Asia and the Middle East stand out as the regions associated with the highest emissions increases, alongside companies from Africa, Europe, and South America. North America is the only region to buck this trend, with a slim majority of companies linked to decreasing emissions.</blockquote>
1287. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1218&context=sabin_climate_change" target="_blank">Rebutting 33 False Claims About Solar, Wind and Electric Vehicles</a>, </strong>Eisenson et. al., <strong>Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, Columbia University</strong></p>
1288. <blockquote>Getting the U.S. energy system onto an environmentally sustainable track will require rapid and widespread development of wind, solar, and other renewable energy facilities; corresponding storage, transmission, and distribution infrastructure; and timely industry-specific transitions, such as battery electric vehicles replacing their combustion-engine counterparts. Broad public support exists for transformative climate policies, with a June 2023 Pew Research Center survey finding that 67% of U.S. adults prioritize developing renewable energy sources over increased fossil fuel production. However, “misinformation” and coordinated “disinformation” have at times undermined support for renewable energy projects and electric vehicles. The authors address some of the more prevalent and persistent distortions about solar energy, wind energy, and electric vehicles, with the aim of promoting a more informed discussion.</blockquote>
1289. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy24osti/88384.pdf" target="_blank">Puerto Rico Grid Resilience and Transitions to 100% Renewable Energy Study (PR100)</a>, </strong>Baggu et al., <strong>National Renewable Energy Laboratory</strong></p>
1290. <blockquote>The authors present a comprehensive analysis based on extensive stakeholder input of possible pathways for Puerto Rico to achieve its goal of 100% renewable energy by 2050. The authors defined and modeled multiple pathways for decision makers to consider for Puerto Rico to achieve its energy goals, driven by community priorities and perspectives.</blockquote>
1291. <p style="text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.2035report.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/GridLab_2035-Reconductoring-Technical-Report.pdf" target="_blank">2035 and Beyond. Reconductoring With Advanced Conductors Can Accelerate the Rapid Transmission Expansion Required for a Clean Grid</a>, </strong>Chojkiewicz et al., <strong>Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley and GridLab</strong></p>
1292. <blockquote>The authors combines the latest energy cost data with state-of-the-art grid modeling to quantify three key elements: the cost of reconductoring with advanced conductors; the associated gains in transmission capacity; and the associated contribution to meeting transmission needs by 2035.</blockquote>
1293. <hr />
1294. <h3>Obtaining articles without journal subscriptions</h3>
1295. <p>We know it's frustrating that many articles we cite here are not free to read. One-off paid access fees are generally astronomically priced, suitable for such as <em>"<a href="https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol2-trans/100" target="_blank">On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light</a>" </em> but not as a gamble on unknowns. With a median world income of US$ 9,373, for most of us US$ 42 is significant money to wager on an article's relevance and importance. </p>
1296. <ul>
1297. <li><a href="https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/competitions/finding-and-accessing-scientific-papers">Here's an excellent collection</a> of tips and techniques for obtaining articles, legally.</li>
1298. </ul>
1299. <ul>
1300. <li><a href="https://unpaywall.org/" target="_blank">Unpaywall</a> offers a browser extension for Chrome and Firefox that automatically indicates when an article is freely accessible and provides immediate access without further trouble. Unpaywall is also unscammy, works well, is itself offered free to use. The organizers (a legitimate nonprofit) report about a 50% success rate</li>
1301. </ul>
1302. <ul>
1303. <li>The weekly <em>New Research</em> catch is checked against the Unpaywall database with accessible items being flagged. Especially for just-published articles this mechansim may fail. If you're interested in an article title and it is not listed here as "open access," be sure to check the link anyway. </li>
1304. </ul>
1305. <h3>How is <em>New Research</em> assembled?</h3>
1306. <p>Most articles appearing here are found via  RSS feeds from journal publishers, filtered by search terms to produce raw output for assessment of relevance. </p>
1307. <p>Relevant articles are then queried against the Unpaywall database, to identify open access articles and expose useful metadata for articles appearing in the database. </p>
1308. <p>The objective of New Research isn't to cast a tinge on scientific results, to color readers' impressions. Hence candidate articles are assessed via two metrics only:</p>
1309. <ul>
1310. <li>Was an article deemed of sufficient merit by a team of journal editors and peer reviewers? The fact of journal RSS output assigns a "yes" to this automatically. </li>
1311. <li>Is an article relevant to the topic of anthropogenic climate change? Due to filter overlap with other publication topics of inquiry, of a typical week's 550 or so input articles about 1/4 of RSS output makes the cut.</li>
1312. </ul>
1313. <p>A few journals offer public access to "preprint" versions of articles for which the review process is not yet complete. For some key journals this all the mention we'll see in RSS feeds, so we include such items in <em>New Research</em>. These are flagged as "preprint."</p>
1314. <p>The section "Informed opinion, nudges & major initiatives" includes some items that are not scientific research per se but fall instead into the category of "perspectives," observations of implications of research findings, areas needing attention, etc.</p>
1315. <h3>Suggestions</h3>
1316. <p>Please let us know if you're aware of an article you think may be of interest for Skeptical Science research news, or if we've missed something that may be important. Send your input to Skeptical Science via our <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/contact.php">contact form</a>.</p>
1317. <h3>Journals covered</h3>
1318. <p>A list of journals we cover may be found <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/Skeptical-Science-New-Research-Source-Journals.shtml">here</a>. We welcome pointers to omissions, new journals etc.</p>
1319. <h3>Previous edition</h3>
1320. &lt;p&gt;The previous edition of &lt;em&gt;Skeptical Science New Research&lt;/em&gt; may be found &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2024_14.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
1321. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2024_15.html</link>
1322. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/new_research_2024_15.html</guid>
1323. <pubDate>Thu, 11 Apr 2024 11:26:13 EST</pubDate>
1324. </item>  <item>
1325. <title>Fact Brief - Did global warming stop in 1998?</title>
1326. <description>&lt;p class="bluebox"&gt;&lt;img class="figureleft" src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/Gigafact-Fact-Brief-Banner-250px.jpg" alt="FactBrief" width="248" height="44" /&gt;Skeptical Science is partnering with&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/" target="_blank"&gt;Gigafact&lt;/a&gt; to produce fact briefs &amp;mdash; bite-sized fact checks of trending claims. This fact brief was written by Sue Bin Park in collaboration with members from our Skeptical Science team. You can submit claims you think need checking via &lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/tipline?org_id=1813" target="_blank"&gt;the tipline&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
1327. <h3>Did global warming stop in 1998?</h3>
1328. <p><img class="figureleft zoomable" src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/Gigafact-Fact-Brief-No-200px.jpg" alt="no" width="200" height="59" />While 1998 was an abnormally warm year, annual average temperatures have trended steadily upward in the decades since.</p>
1329. <p>As a strong El Nino year, 1998 featured a significant spike in global temperatures. El Nino is the warm phase of a cyclic climatic pattern where sea temperatures in parts of the Pacific swing higher or lower than average. The 1998 El Nino stood out above the rising temperature trendline that is due to manmade global warming.</p>
1330. <p>However, the long-term upward trend in globally-averaged temperatures has continued. In the past quarter century, the top ten hottest years on record have all occurred since 2010.</p>
1331. <p><a href="https://sks.to/1998" target="_blank">Go to full rebuttal on Skeptical Science</a> or <a href="https://gigafact.org/fact-briefs/has-warming-continued-since-1998" target="_blank">to the fact brief on Gigafact</a></p>
1332. <hr />
1333. <p>This fact brief is responsive to conversations such as <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080221004846/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2006/04/09/do0907.xml" target="_blank">this one</a>.</p>
1334. <hr />
1335. <p><strong>Sources</strong></p>
1336. <p>ReliefWeb <a href="https://archive.is/AJBhe" target="_blank">El Niño - 1998 Global Surface Temperature: Highest by a Wide Margin</a></p>
1337. <p>Royal Meterological <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/Coverage bias in the HadCRUT4 temperature series and its impact on recent temperature trends" target="_blank">Society Coverage bias in the HadCRUT4 temperature series and its impact on recent temperature trends</a></p>
1338. <p>NASA <a href="https://archive.is/9KSMP" target="_blank">Global Temperature</a></p>
1339. <!--more-->
1340. <p><strong>About fact briefs published on Gigafact</strong><br /><br />Fact briefs are short, credibly sourced summaries that offer “yes/no” answers in response to claims found online. They rely on publicly available, often primary source data and documents. Fact briefs are created by contributors to <a rel="noreferrer" href="https://gigafact.org/" target="_blank">Gigafact</a> — a nonprofit project looking to expand participation in fact-checking and protect the democratic process. <a href="https://gigafact.org/skeptical-science" target="_blank">See all of our published fact briefs here</a>.</p>
1341. &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://gigafact.org/tipline?org_id=1813&amp;amp;utm_medium=website&amp;amp;utm_source=skeptical-science" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/Gigafact-Tipline-Logo-250px.jpg" alt="Gigafact Tipline" width="250" height="319" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
1342. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/fact-brief-1998.html</link>
1343. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/fact-brief-1998.html</guid>
1344. <pubDate>Sat, 13 Apr 2024 10:22:51 EST</pubDate>
1345. </item>  <item>
1346. <title>At a glance - Is the science settled?</title>
1347. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;On February 14, 2023 we announced our &lt;a href="https://sks.to/at-a-glance" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rebuttal Update Project&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. This included an &lt;strong&gt;ask for feedback&lt;/strong&gt; about the added "At a glance" section in the updated basic rebuttal versions. This weekly blog post series highlights this new section of one of the updated basic rebuttal versions and serves as a "bump" for our ask. This week features "&lt;a href="https://skepticalscience.com/settled-science-basic.htm" target="_blank"&gt;Is the science settled?&lt;/a&gt;". More will follow in the upcoming weeks. Please follow the Further Reading link at the bottom to read the full rebuttal and to join the discussion in the comment thread there.&lt;/p&gt;
1348. <p><a href="https://sks.to/settled" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/FactMythBoxes-Settled-570px.jpg" alt="Fact-Myth-Box" width="570" height="406" /></a></p>
1349. <h2>At a glance</h2>
1350. <p>Science, in all of its aspects, is an ongoing matter. It is based on making progress. For a familiar example, everyone knows that the dinosaurs died out suddenly, 65 million years ago. They vanished from the fossil record. The science is settled on that. But how and why that happened is still a really interesting research area. We know a monster asteroid smacked into the planet at roughly the same time. But we cannot yet conclude with 100% certainty that the asteroid bore sole responsibility for everything that followed.</p>
1351. <p>With regard to climate science, the basis of the greenhouse effect was demonstrated in the 19th Century. The effect on global temperature through doubling the concentration of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> had been calculated before 1900 and was not far off modern estimates. Raising global temperature causes Earth's climatic belts to shift polewards. Higher temperatures reduce the amount of land-ice on the planet. That in turn causes sea levels to rise. These are such simple basic physical principles that we can confidently state the science is settled on all of them.</p>
1352. <p>Where the science is less settled is in the fine detail. For example, if you live in a coastal town at a low elevation, you would obviously like to know when it is likely to be affected by rising seas. But that's difficult.</p>
1353. <p>Difficult because changes in sea levels, variations in the sizes of tides and weather patterns are all factors that operate independently of each other and on different time-scales. We may well know that a big storm-surge hitting the coast at high water on a spring tide is the worst-case scenario, but we don't know exactly when that might happen in the decades ahead. Too many variables.</p>
1354. <p>Such minute but important details are where the science isn't settled. Yes we know that if we carry on spewing out tens of billions of tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub> every year, things will get really bad. Where and when is the tricky bit. But if climate change was a deadly pathogen, for which there was a vaccine, most of us would get that jab.</p>
1355. <p>In passing, the myth in the box above illustrates a key tactic of misinformation-practitioners, to mix up a whole bunch of talking-points into a rhetorical torrent. The classic example of the practice is the 'Gish-gallop'.</p>
1356. <p>The term Gish-gallop was coined in reference to a leading American member of the creationist movement, Duane Gish (1921-2013). Gish was well-known for relishing fiery public debates with evolutionists. He perfected the method of presenting multiple arguments in a rapid-fire but scattergun manner so that they are impossible to answer in a structured form. It's the opposite of scientific discussion. The Gish-galloper appears to the viewers or listeners to be winning the debate. 'Appears' is the keyword here, though. If you can recognise a Gish-gallop developing, you can make your own mind up quickly.</p>
1357. <p class="bluebox"><em><strong><em>Please use <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/settled-science-basic.htm" target="_blank">this form</a> to provide feedback about this new "At a glance" section. Read a more technical version below or dig deeper via the tabs above!</em></strong></em></p>
1358. <hr />
1359. <h2><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/settled-science-basic.htm">Click for Further details</a></h2>
1360. <!--more-->
1361. <p>In case you'd like to explore more of our recently updated rebuttals, here are the links to all of them:</p>
1362. <table border="0">
1363. <tbody>
1364. <tr>
1365. <td><strong>Myths with link to rebuttal</strong></td>
1366. <td><strong>Short URLs</strong></td>
1367. </tr>
1368. <tr>
1369. <td><a href="https://sks.to/1970s" target="_blank">Ice age predicted in the 1970s</a></td>
1370. <td>sks.to/1970s</td>
1371. </tr>
1372. <tr>
1373. <td><a href="https://sks.to/1998" target="_blank">It hasn't warmed since 1998</a></td>
1374. <td>sks.to/1998</td>
1375. </tr>
1376. <tr>
1377. <td><a href="https://sks.to/antarctica" target="_blank">Antarctica is gaining ice</a></td>
1378. <td>sks.to/antarctica</td>
1379. </tr>
1380. <tr>
1381. <td><a href="https://sks.to/climategate" target="_blank">CRU emails suggest conspiracy</a></td>
1382. <td>sks.to/climategate</td>
1383. </tr>
1384. <tr>
1385. <td><a href="https://sks.to/hockey" target="_blank">What evidence is there for the hockey stick</a></td>
1386. <td>sks.to/hockey</td>
1387. </tr>
1388. <tr>
1389. <td><a href="https://sks.to/lag" target="_blank">CO<sub>2</sub> lags temperature</a></td>
1390. <td>sks.to/lag</td>
1391. </tr>
1392. <tr>
1393. <td><a href="https://sks.to/past" target="_blank">Climate's changed before</a></td>
1394. <td>sks.to/past</td>
1395. </tr>
1396. <tr>
1397. <td><a href="https://sks.to/sun" target="_blank">It's the sun</a></td>
1398. <td>sks.to/sun</td>
1399. </tr>
1400. <tr>
1401. <td><a href="https://sks.to/temp" target="_blank">Temperature records are unreliable</a></td>
1402. <td>sks.to/temp</td>
1403. </tr>
1404. <tr>
1405. <td><a href="https://sks.to/thermo" target="_blank">The greenhouse effect and the 2nd law of thermodynamics</a></td>
1406. <td>sks.to/thermo</td>
1407. </tr>
1408. <tr>
1409. <td><a href="https://sks.to/iceage" target="_blank">We're heading into an ice age</a></td>
1410. <td>sks.to/iceage</td>
1411. </tr>
1412. <tr>
1413. <td><a href="https://sks.to/impacts" target="_blank">Positives and negatives of global warming</a></td>
1414. <td>sks.to/impacts</td>
1415. </tr>
1416. <tr>
1417. <td><a href="https://sks.to/consensus" target="_blank">The 97% consensus on global warming</a></td>
1418. <td>sks.to/consensus</td>
1419. </tr>
1420. <tr>
1421. <td><a href="https://sks.to/cooling" target="_blank">Global cooling - Is global warming still happening?</a></td>
1422. <td>sks.to/cooling</td>
1423. </tr>
1424. <tr>
1425. <td><a href="https://sks.to/model" target="_blank">How reliable are climate models?</a></td>
1426. <td>sks.to/model</td>
1427. </tr>
1428. <tr>
1429. <td><a href="https://sks.to/species" target="_blank">Can animals and plants adapt to global warming?</a></td>
1430. <td>sks.to/species</td>
1431. </tr>
1432. <tr>
1433. <td><a href="https://sks.to/cosmic" target="_blank">What's the link between cosmic rays and climate change?</a></td>
1434. <td>sks.to/cosmic</td>
1435. </tr>
1436. <tr>
1437. <td><a href="https://sks.to/gore" target="_blank">Is Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth accurate?</a></td>
1438. <td>sks.to/gore</td>
1439. </tr>
1440. <tr>
1441. <td><a href="https://sks.to/glacier" target="_blank">Are glaciers growing or retreating?</a></td>
1442. <td>sks.to/glacier</td>
1443. </tr>
1444. <tr>
1445. <td><a href="https://sks.to/acid" target="_blank">Ocean acidification: global warming's evil twin</a></td>
1446. <td>sks.to/acid</td>
1447. </tr>
1448. <tr>
1449. <td><a href="https://sks.to/agw" target="_blank">The human fingerprint in global warming</a></td>
1450. <td>sks.to/agw</td>
1451. </tr>
1452. <tr>
1453. <td><a href="https://sks.to/evidence" target="_blank">Empirical evidence that humans are causing global warming</a></td>
1454. <td>sks.to/evidence</td>
1455. </tr>
1456. <tr>
1457. <td><a href="https://sks.to/greenhouse" target="_blank">How do we know more CO<sub>2</sub> is causing warming?</a></td>
1458. <td>sks.to/greenhouse</td>
1459. </tr>
1460. <tr>
1461. <td><a href="https://sks.to/vapor" target="_blank">Explaining how the water vapor greenhouse effect works</a></td>
1462. <td>sks.to/vapor</td>
1463. </tr>
1464. <tr>
1465. <td><a href="https://sks.to/OISM" target="_blank">The tricks employed by the flawed OISM Petition Project to cast doubt on the scientific consensus on climate change</a></td>
1466. <td>sks.to/OISM</td>
1467. </tr>
1468. <tr>
1469. <td><a href="https://sks.to/extreme" target="_blank">Is extreme weather caused by global warming?</a></td>
1470. <td>sks.to/extreme</td>
1471. </tr>
1472. <tr>
1473. <td><a href="https://sks.to/trace" target="_blank">How substances in trace amounts can cause large effects</a></td>
1474. <td>sks.to/trace</td>
1475. </tr>
1476. <tr>
1477. <td><a href="https://sks.to/sealevel" target="_blank">How much is sea level rising?</a></td>
1478. <td>sks.to/sealevel</td>
1479. </tr>
1480. <tr>
1481. <td><a href="https://sks.to/pollutant" target="_blank">Is CO<sub>2</sub> a pollutant?</a></td>
1482. <td>sks.to/pollutant</td>
1483. </tr>
1484. <tr>
1485. <td><a href="https://sks.to/cold" target="_blank">Does cold weather disprove global warming?</a></td>
1486. <td>sks.to/cold</td>
1487. </tr>
1488. <tr>
1489. <td><a href="https://sks.to/volcano" target="_blank">Do volcanoes emit more CO<sub>2</sub> than humans?</a></td>
1490. <td>sks.to/volcano</td>
1491. </tr>
1492. <tr>
1493. <td><a href="https://sks.to/co2" target="_blank">How do human CO<sub>2</sub> emissions compare to natural CO2 emissions?</a></td>
1494. <td>sks.to/co2</td>
1495. </tr>
1496. <tr>
1497. <td><a href="https://sks.to/money" target="_blank">Climate scientists could make more money in other careers</a></td>
1498. <td>sks.to/money</td>
1499. </tr>
1500. <tr>
1501. <td><a href="https://sks.to/co2data" target="_blank">How reliable are CO<sub>2</sub> measurements?</a></td>
1502. <td>sks.to/co2data</td>
1503. </tr>
1504. <tr>
1505. <td><a href="https://sks.to/pastco2" target="_blank">Do high levels of CO<sub>2</sub> in the past contradict the warming effect of CO<sub>2</sub>?</a></td>
1506. <td>sks.to/pastco2</td>
1507. </tr>
1508. <tr>
1509. <td><a href="https://sks.to/cloud" target="_blank">What is the net feedback of clouds?</a></td>
1510. <td>sks.to/cloud</td>
1511. </tr>
1512. <tr>
1513. <td><a href="https://sks.to/name" target="_blank">Global warming vs climate change</a></td>
1514. <td>sks.to/name</td>
1515. </tr>
1516. <tr>
1517. <td><a href="https://sks.to/mars" target="_blank">Is Mars warming?</a></td>
1518. <td>sks.to/mars</td>
1519. </tr>
1520. <tr>
1521. <td><a href="https://sks.to/underestimat" target="_blank">How the IPCC is more likely to underestimate the climate response</a></td>
1522. <td>sks.to/underestimat</td>
1523. </tr>
1524. <tr>
1525. <td><a href="https://sks.to/sensitivity" target="_blank">How sensitive is our climate?</a></td>
1526. <td>sks.to/sensitivity</td>
1527. </tr>
1528. <tr>
1529. <td><a href="https://sks.to/warming" target="_blank">Evidence for global warming</a></td>
1530. <td>sks.to/warming</td>
1531. </tr>
1532. <tr>
1533. <td><a href="https://sks.to/falsify" target="_blank">Has the greenhouse effect been falsified?</a></td>
1534. <td>sks.to/falsify</td>
1535. </tr>
1536. <tr>
1537. <td><a href="https://sks.to/breath" target="_blank">Does breathing contribute to CO<sub>2</sub> buildup in the atmosphere?</a></td>
1538. <td>sks.to/breath</td>
1539. </tr>
1540. <tr>
1541. <td><a href="https://sks.to/CO2increase" target="_blank">What is causing the increase in atmospheric CO2?</a></td>
1542. <td>sks.to/CO2increase</td>
1543. </tr>
1544. <tr>
1545. <td><a href="https://sks.to/methane" target="_blank">What is methane's contribution to global warming?</a></td>
1546. <td>sks.to/methane</td>
1547. </tr>
1548. <tr>
1549. <td><a href="https://sks.to/plant" target="_blank">Plants cannot live on CO2 alone</a></td>
1550. <td>sks.to/plant</td>
1551. </tr>
1552. <tr>
1553. <td><a href="https://sks.to/saturate" target="_blank">Is the CO2 effect saturated?</a></td>
1554. <td>sks.to/saturate</td>
1555. </tr>
1556. <tr>
1557. <td><a href="https://sks.to/waste" target="_blank">Greenhouse warming 100 times greater than waste heat</a></td>
1558. <td>sks.to/waste</td>
1559. </tr>
1560. <tr>
1561. <td><a href="https://sks.to/bear" target="_blank">How will global warming affect polar bears?</a></td>
1562. <td>sks.to/bear</td>
1563. </tr>
1564. <tr>
1565. <td><a href="https://sks.to/venus" target="_blank">The runaway greenhouse effect on Venus</a></td>
1566. <td>sks.to/venus</td>
1567. </tr>
1568. <tr>
1569. <td><a href="https://sks.to/planets" target="_blank">What climate change is happening to other planets in the solar system?</a></td>
1570. <td>sks.to/planets</td>
1571. </tr>
1572. <tr>
1573. <td><a href="https://sks.to/arctic" target="_blank">Has Arctic sea ice returned to normal?</a></td>
1574. <td>sks.to/arctic</td>
1575. </tr>
1576. <tr>
1577. <td><a href="https://sks.to/green" target="_blank">Was Greenland really green in the past?</a></td>
1578. <td>sks.to/green</td>
1579. </tr>
1580. <tr>
1581. <td><a href="https://sks.to/greenland" target="_blank">Is Greenland gaining or losing ice?</a></td>
1582. <td>sks.to/greenland</td>
1583. </tr>
1584. <tr>
1585. <td><a href="https://sks.to/arcticcycle" target="_blank">Human activity is driving retreat of Arctic sea ice</a></td>
1586. <td>sks.to/arcticcycle</td>
1587. </tr>
1588. <tr>
1589. <td><a href="https://sks.to/albedo" target="_blank">The albedo effect and global warming</a></td>
1590. <td>sks.to/albedo</td>
1591. </tr>
1592. <tr>
1593. <td><a href="https://sks.to/correlate" target="_blank">Does CO2 always correlate with temperature?</a></td>
1594. <td>sks.to/correlate</td>
1595. </tr>
1596. <tr>
1597. <td><a href="https://sks.to/cycle" target="_blank">Human fingerprints on climate change rule out natural cycles</a></td>
1598. <td>sks.to/cycle</td>
1599. </tr>
1600. <tr>
1601. <td><a href="https://sks.to/elnino" target="_blank">Global warming and the El Niño Southern Oscillation</a></td>
1602. <td>sks.to/elnino</td>
1603. </tr>
1604. <tr>
1605. <td><a href="https://sks.to/pdo" target="_blank">The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is not causing global warming</a></td>
1606. <td>sks.to/pdo</td>
1607. </tr>
1608. <tr>
1609. <td><a href="https://sks.to/settled" target="_blank">Is the science settled?</a></td>
1610. <td>sks.to/settled</td>
1611. </tr>
1612. </tbody>
1613. </table>
1614. <p> </p>
1615. &lt;p class="bluebox"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If you think that projects like these rebuttal updates are a good idea, please visit our &lt;a href="https://sks.to/support_sks?utm-source=sks&amp;amp;utm-campaign=aag&amp;amp;utm-term=contribute" target="_blank"&gt;support page to contribute&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
1616. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/at-a-glance-settled.html</link>
1617. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/at-a-glance-settled.html</guid>
1618. <pubDate>Tue, 16 Apr 2024 10:52:37 EST</pubDate>
1619. </item>  <item>
1620. <title>2024 SkS Weekly Climate Change &amp; Global Warming News Roundup #14</title>
1621. <description>&lt;div class="greenbox" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A listing of 34 news and opinion articles we found interesting and shared on social media during the past week: Sun, March 31, 2024 thru Sat, April 6, 2024.&lt;/div&gt;
1622. <hr />
1623. <h3>Story of the week<img class="figureright" src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/dessler_how_extreme_capture.png" alt="" width="280" height="205" /></h3>
1624. <p>Proxy measurement via Facebook "engagement" suggests a widely welcoming audience for Prof. Andrew Dessler's <em>The Climate Brink</em> article <strong><a href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/how-extreme-was-the-earths-temperature" target="_blank">How extreme was the Earth's temperature in 2023</a></strong>. With our recent Earth surface temperature record gaining prominent media coverage— including many direct remarks by scientists employing adjectives not normally found in scientific parlance— it's not surprising that readers may appreciate an oasis of context and perspective of the kind Dessler provides. A couple of well supported key points come through in this treatment. Only a few years ago we saw a surface temperature graph remarkably similar to what's unrolling right now. Meanwhile, our recent experience remains within projections of climate models and can't truly be seen as an unanticipated outcome (do let's note: as usual we're seeing how climate models are fit for purpose and yield useful climate prognosis). Untreated in popularized analysis is the recent behavior of the world ocean's temperature. Given the much larger amount of energy involved and our general discomfort with hugely consequential mysteries of this kind, it would be helpful to have this gap plugged— but that is a more fundamentally difficult scientific problem. </p>
1625. <p><strong>Before March 31</strong></p>
1626. <ul>
1627. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/climate-change-tech-solution" target="_blank">New tech won’t save us from climate change. Here’s what will</a></strong>, Nature, BBC Science Focus Magazine, Dr Jonathan Foley. <em>The one thing we need to save us from climate catastrophe is the one thing technology can’t provide.</em></li>
1628. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/28032024/midwest-early-wildfire-season/" target="_blank">From Michigan to Nebraska, Midwest States Face an Early Wildfire Season</a></strong>, Science, Inside Climate News, Kristoffer Tigue. <em>Lede: "The blazes come after a record dry winter in the region. 'Year to date, we've had 'close to 300 wildfires statewide' a Wisconsin official said. “The normal year-to-date 10-year average is about 40 fires.' ”</em></li>
1629. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://newsroom.co.nz/2024/03/27/hacking-planet-earth-will-not-save-us-from-ourselves/" target="_blank">Hacking planet Earth will not save us from ourselves</a></strong>, Newsroom, Kevin Trenberth. <em> A number of geoengineering methods have been proposed as a way to cool our warming planet but the problem is the increasing amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere – the pressure instead must increase to cut emissions and use of fossil fuels</em></li>
1630. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://youtu.be/K2oL4SFwkkw" target="_blank">Natural Gas Is Scamming America</a></strong>, Climate Town on Youtube, Rollie Williams. <em></em></li>
1631. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/26032024/geoengineering-backlash-regulations-sunlight/" target="_blank">Geoengineering Faces a Wave of Backlash Over Regulatory Gaps and Unknown Risks</a></strong>, Today's Climate, Inside Climate News, Kikley Price. <em>"Technologies to slow global warming by manipulating the environment are rapidly advancing, but some experts want to pump the brakes"</em></li>
1632. </ul>
1633. <p><strong>March 31</strong></p>
1634. <ul>
1635. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/mar/31/exxonmobil-accused-of-greenwashing-over-carbon-capture-plan-it-failed-to-invest-in" target="_blank">ExxonMobil accused of `greenwashing` over carbon capture plan it failed to invest in</a></strong>, The Guardian, Ben Webster. <em>Investigation reveals project oil giant promoted may never leave drawing board and has received no licence or government support</em></li>
1636. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/2024-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_13.html" target="_blank">2024 SkS Weekly Climate Change & Global Warming News Roundup #13</a></strong>, Skeptical Science, Baerbel Winkler. Doug Bostrom, John Hartz. <em>Listing of 34 articles we found interesting during the last week, March 24 to 30, 2024</em></li>
1637. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/mar/31/election-donald-trump-world-climate-goals-at-risk-un-chief" target="_blank">Election of Donald Trump `could put world`s climate goals at risk`</a></strong>, The Guardian, Fiona Harvey. <em>Former UN climate chief warns of global impact of a possible regression in US green policies</em></li>
1638. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/31/climate/climate-change-carbon-capture-ccs.html" target="_blank">Can We Engineer Our Way Out of the Climate Crisis?</a></strong>, Climate, New York Times, David Gelles. <em></em></li>
1639. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://youtu.be/uGDnkq_KeTA" target="_blank">Europe is cooking at double speed! Are Europeans ready?</a></strong>, "Just have a Think" on Youtbue, Dave Borlace. <em>The latest "Just Have a Think" video summarizing the Climate Risk Assessment 2024 recently published by the European Environment Agency </em></li>
1640. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/31032024/todays-climate-music-festivals-extreme-weather/" target="_blank">The Show Must Go On? Music Festival-Goers Are At Risk As Extreme Weather Events Become More Frequent and Severe</a></strong>, Inside Climate News, Kiley Price. <em>Concert attendees are braving the elements as climate change accelerates, sometimes with grave consequences.</em></li>
1641. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-03-climate-pollution-imperil-coral-reefs.html" target="_blank">As climate change and pollution imperil coral reefs, scientists are deep-freezing corals to repopulate future oceans</a></strong>, Phys.org - latest science and technology news stories, Mary Hagedorn. <em></em></li>
1642. </ul>
1643. <!--more-->
1644. <p><strong>April 1</strong></p>
1645. <ul>
1646. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://theconversation.com/how-federal-tax-dollars-meant-to-fight-climate-change-could-end-up-boosting-louisianas-fossil-fuel-production-225885" target="_blank">How federal tax dollars meant to fight climate change could end up boosting Louisiana`s fossil fuel production</a></strong>, The Conversation, Ned Randolph. <em>Billions of federal tax dollars will soon be pouring into Louisiana to fight climate change, yet the projects they’re supporting may actually boost fossil fuels – the very products warming the planet.</em></li>
1647. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/how-extreme-was-the-earths-temperature" target="_blank">How extreme was the Earth's temperature in 2023</a></strong>, The Climate Brink, Andrew Dessler. <em>If 2023 Earth were a chicken tender, would it be mild, medium, Caliente!, Mui Caliente!, or Fire In The Hole!</em></li>
1648. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.eenews.net/articles/democrats-rebuke-biden-for-fighting-young-climate-activists-in-court/" target="_blank">Democrats rebuke Biden for fighting young climate activists in court</a></strong>, Climate Wire, E&E News, pr 1, 2024, Lesley Clark. <em>"DOJ is using 'extraordinary and oppressive efforts' to stop the Juliana youth climate case, 30 lawmakers told a federal appeals court."</em></li>
1649. </ul>
1650. <p><strong>April 2</strong></p>
1651. <ul>
1652. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02042024/todays-climate-bird-flu-migration-disease/" target="_blank">Bird Flu Is Picking its Way Across the Animal Kingdom-and Climate Change Could Be Making it Worse</a></strong>, Inside Climate News, Kiley Price. <em>A person in Texas recently tested positive for avian influenza. The virus has already spilled over into a number of mammalian species since it first appeared.</em></li>
1653. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://theconversation.com/who-are-todays-climate-activists-dispelling-3-big-myths-for-earth-month-225269" target="_blank">Who are today`s climate activists? Dispelling 3 big myths for Earth Month</a></strong>, The Conversation, Dana R. Fisher. <em></em></li>
1654. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/02/geothermal-energy-electricity" target="_blank">US aiming to ‘crack the code’ on deploying geothermal energy at scale</a></strong>, Environment, The Gurdin, Oliver Milman . <em>"Recent $74m investment made alongside assessment that 10% of electricity could be generated by geothermal by 2050"</em></li>
1655. </ul>
1656. <p><strong>April 3</strong></p>
1657. <ul>
1658. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/03042024/mediterranean-sea-marine-ecosystems-global-warming/" target="_blank">Global Warming Will Enable Tropical Species From the Atlantic to Colonize the Mediterranean Sea</a></strong>, Inside Climate News, Bob Berwyn. <em>A new study documents large-scale ocean system changes that threaten the stability of marine ecosystems in the sea between Europe, Africa and the Middle East.</em></li>
1659. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/climatechange/2024/04/03/rebutting-33-false-claims-about-solar-wind-and-electric-vehicles/" target="_blank">Rebutting 33 False Claims About Solar, Wind, and Electric Vehicles</a></strong>, Climate Law Blog, Jacob Elkin and Matthew Eisenson. <em></em></li>
1660. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2024/04/03/a-virtual-reality-film-that-makes-the-climate-crisis-feel-real/" target="_blank">A Virtual Reality Film That Makes the Climate Crisis Feel "Real"</a></strong>, State of the Planet, Adrienne Day. <em></em></li>
1661. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.desmog.com/2024/04/03/chevron-owns-this-citys-news-site-many-stories-arent-told/" target="_blank">Chevron Owns This City`s News Site. Many Stories Aren`t Told.</a></strong>, DeSmog, Miranda Green/Floodlight, David Folkenflik/NPR. <em>The oil and gas company-owned Richmond Standard tells mostly positive stories about the major industry that dominates this California city and its skyline. </em></li>
1662. </ul>
1663. <p><strong>April 4</strong></p>
1664. <ul>
1665. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/04042024/fossil-fuel-companies-homicide-charge/" target="_blank">Should Big Oil Be Tried for Homicide?</a></strong>, Inside Climate News, Nicholas Kusnetz. <em>Lede: A group of activists and legal experts are promoting the argument that fossil fuel companies should be charged for homicide and other crimes for their roles in driving climate harms.</em></li>
1666. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/is-the-fight-against-climate-change-losing-momentum" target="_blank">Is the Fight Against Climate Change Losing Momentum?</a></strong>, News, Politics, Opinion, Commentary, and Analysis, Bill McKibben. <em>Some financial institutions are backing away from emission pledges.</em></li>
1667. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2024/04/forecasters-predict-an-extremely-active-2024-atlantic-hurricane-season/" target="_blank">Forecasters predict an extremely active 2024 Atlantic hurricane season</a></strong>, Eye on the Storm, Yale Climate Commuknications, Jeff Masters. <em>"Colorado State University’s hurricane forecasting team is calling for a near-record active season with 23 named storms, 11 hurricanes, and five major hurricanes."</em></li>
1668. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2024/04/04/epa-greenhouse-gas-reduction-fund/" target="_blank">America’s new high-risk, high-reward $20 billion climate push</a></strong>, Climate Solutions, Washington Post, Maxine Joselow. <em>"In an ambitious effort to fight climate change, the EPA is assisting local groups in financing clean-energy projects"</em></li>
1669. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.desmog.com/2024/04/04/influencemap-carbon-majors-co2-emissions-paris-agreement-report-database-bp-shell-exxonmobil-chevron-conocophillips/" target="_blank">Vast Majority of Global CO2 Emissions Tied to Just 57 Entities</a></strong>, DeSmog, Joe Fassler. <em>A new report details the state and corporate producers that bear responsibility for 80 percent of carbon dioxide emissions since the Paris Agreement. </em></li>
1670. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/factcheck-why-the-recent-acceleration-in-global-warming-is-what-scientists-expect/" target="_blank">Factcheck: Why the recent `acceleration` in global warming is what scientists expect</a></strong>, Carbon Brief, Zeke Hausfather. <em>Over the past year, there has been a vigorous debate among scientists – and more broadly – about whether global warming is “accelerating”.</em></li>
1671. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/climatechange/2024/04/04/future-trends-in-climate-litigation-against-governments/" target="_blank">Future Trends in Climate Litigation Against Governments</a></strong>, Climate Law Blog, Lucy Maxwell, April Williamson and Sarah Mead. <em></em></li>
1672. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/24114997/amazon-rainforest-deforestation-hope" target="_blank">Are rainforests doomed? Not necessarily.</a></strong>, Down to Earth, Vox, Benji Jones. <em>In a grim new analysis of tropical forests, there are a few important glimmers of hope.</em></li>
1673. </ul>
1674. <p><strong>April 5</strong></p>
1675. <ul>
1676. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://climatelaundry.substack.com/p/i-watched-the-climate-deniers-new" target="_blank">I Watched The Climate Deniers' New Movie So You Don't Have To</a></strong>, The Climate Laundry, Dave Vetter. <em>A British filmmaker's latest attempt to convince us that climate change isn't happening is a feeble affair. But propaganda doesn't have to convince everyone to be effective.</em></li>
1677. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/its-never-too-late-to-take-climate-action/" target="_blank">It`s Never Too Late to Take Climate Action</a></strong>, Scientific American Content: Global, James K. Boyce. <em>The depiction of the climate crisis as a cliff—once we fall off the edge, it’s game over—is nonsense</em></li>
1678. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/apr/05/australia-megadroughts-climate-crisis-global-heating" target="_blank">Australia should prepare for 20-year megadroughts as the climate crisis worsens, study finds</a></strong>, The Guardian, Aston Brown. <em>Climate modelling by the Australian National University found Australia has experienced megadroughts every 150 to 1,000 years and is due for another</em></li>
1679. </ul>
1680. <p><strong>April 6</strong></p>
1681. <ul>
1682. <li style="margin-bottom: 5px; text-align: left;"><strong><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/gigafact-and-skeptical-science-collaborate-to-create-fact-briefs.html?utm-source=facebook&utm-campaign=socialnetworks&utm-term=sks" target="_blank">Gigafact and Skeptical Science collaborate to create fact briefs</a></strong>, Skeptical Science, John Mason and Bärbel Winkler. <em>Together with Gigafact we are re-starting a collaboration to create short fact briefs based on our rebuttals.</em></li>
1683. </ul>
1684. &lt;p class="bluebox"&gt;If you happen upon high quality climate-science and/or climate-myth busting articles from reliable sources while surfing the web, please feel free to submit them via&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://sks.to/FB-posts-form" target="_blank"&gt;this Google form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; so that we may share them widely. Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;</description>
1685. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/2024-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_14.html</link>
1686. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/2024-SkS-Weekly-News-Roundup_14.html</guid>
1687. <pubDate>Sun, 7 Apr 2024 10:48:53 EST</pubDate>
1688. </item>  <item>
1689. <title>EGU2024 - Picking and chosing sessions to attend virtually</title>
1690. <description>&lt;p&gt;This year's &lt;a href="https://www.egu24.eu/" target="_blank"&gt;General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union (EGU)&lt;/a&gt; will take place as a fully hybrid conference in both Vienna and online from April 15 to 19. I decided to join the event virtually this year for the full week and I've already picked several sessions I plan to attend. Among them are two sessions, I'll be presenting in. This blog post provides an overview of my itinerary.&lt;/p&gt;
1691. <p><a href="https://www.egu24.eu" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-Banner-570px.jpg" alt="EGU24 Banner" width="570" height="134" /></a></p>
1692. <h3>Monday</h3>
1693. <p>The week kicks off right away at 8:30 in the morning with a <strong>Union Symposia (US2)</strong> about the <strong><a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/50652" target="_blank">Climate emergency, human agency: making sense of the current state of scientific knowledge on climate change to strengthen climate literacy</a></strong>.</p>
1694. <blockquote>
1695. <p>This Union Symposium will build on key findings from the Sixth Assessment Cycle of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It will place the current scientific understanding in this context of climate science history and lay out what is the current state of climate, with the observed intensification of global and regional changes, and what are physically plausible futures, unpacking how science underpins the understanding of the climate emergency. The presentations will be given by Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, France and Joeri Rogelj, Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College, London, Great Britain.</p>
1696. </blockquote>
1697. <p>Then it's time for a <strong>short course (SC2.2)</strong> starting at 10:45 providing <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49202" target="_blank"><strong>an introduction to science for policy</strong></a>. This will be a repeat for me, but I found this session - convended by Chloe Hill - interesting when I attended it in previous years.</p>
1698. <blockquote>
1699. <p>This session will provide an introduction into some key ‘science for policy’ themes and provide specific details about when and how scientists can engage with policy to increase the impact of their efforts. It will also provide resources and tips for scientists so that they can start their science for policy journeys. The last part of the Short Course will include a Q&A with those working on the science-policy interface. This session will be relevant to all career levels and scientific disciplines.</p>
1700. </blockquote>
1701. <p>In the afternoon, I plan to join <strong>short course (SC3.3) <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49210" target="_blank">Scared of giving presentations to a (geo-)scientific audiences?</a> </strong>as this cannot hurt in the run-up to my own presentations on Tuesday and Wednesday.</p>
1702. <blockquote>
1703. <p>This short course deals with the various reasons and symptoms of stage fright and how they can be overcome. Scientists will share their experiences and what has helped them to deal with their fear of presenting. There will be practical tips and room for questions as well as exchange of experiences. This year, we're exploring a fresh angle: science communication. While the stage is set for scientific discourse, effective communication is key. Meet our speakers, Dr. Simon Clark and Dr. Heather Handley, seasoned communicators, sharing insights!</p>
1704. </blockquote>
1705. <p>To finish day 1 of EGU24, I picked yet another short course (SC2.6) <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49205" target="_blank">Climate change, morals and how people understand the politics of climate change</a></p>
1706. <p>Update April 11: Unfortunately, session SC2.6 was withdrawn, but there is an interesting alternative, I plan to join instead and it's also a short course:<strong> SC2.5 <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49204" target="_blank">Ethics for geoscientists in a time of crisis</a></strong>:</p>
1707. <blockquote>
1708. <p>What does 'ethics' mean and what is the role of ethics in your daily practices as a scientist? Where and how do ethics enter into your geoscientific research and teaching? Although ethics as a subject of study is traditionally the domain of social sciences and humanities, as scientists we are confronted with ethical questions and decisions every day. In the context of climate emergency, mass extinction and global social injustices, it is increasingly important to understand the role played by our research and the systems and structures within which our work is embedded. Ultimately, we could ask ourselves a question: does our research contribute to building a world that corresponds to our values?</p>
1709. </blockquote>
1710. <p>In between these sessions - or if I find out that one I planned to attend isn't quite a good fit for my interests - I may pay a virtual visit to <a href="https://www.egu24.eu/guidelines/gathertown.html" target="_blank">Gather.town</a> to check out some virtual posters or find some people to chat with.</p>
1711. <p><a href="https://www.egu24.eu/egu24-gathertown-preview.pdf" target="_blank"> <img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-GatherTown-570px.jpg" alt="EGU24 Gather Town" width="570" height="390" /></a></p>
1712. <h3>Tuesday</h3>
1713. <!--more-->
1714. <p>The morning is mostly taken up by a "double slot" <strong>Education and Outreach session (EOS4.4) titled <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49297#Orals" target="_blank">Geoethics: The significance of geosciences for society and the e nvironment</a></strong>. This session is convened by Silvia Peppoloni with Svitlana Krakovska, Giuseppe Di Capua and David Crookall as co-conveners.</p>
1715. <blockquote>
1716. <p>Geoscience knowledge and practices are essential for effectively navigating the complexities of the modern world. They play a critical role in addressing urgent global challenges on a planetary scale (including, climate change and its social, humanitarian, and health impacts), informing decision-making processes and guiding education at all levels. However, the response to these challenges remains largely inadequate across the board. By equipping both citizens and the wider societal stakeholders with the necessary knowledge background, geosciences empower them to engage in meaningful discussions, shape policies, contribute to reduce inequities and injustice, and implement solutions for local, regional, and global social-environmental problems. Within this broad scope, geoethics strives to establish a shared ethical framework that guides geoscientists’ engagement with sensitive and significant issues concerning the interaction between geoscience and society.</p>
1717. </blockquote>
1718. <p>I may pop-out of that session for a bit to listen to a <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/meetingprogramme/5220" target="_blank">press conference</a> starting at 10:00 about <strong>Unveiling Antarctica’s secrets: new research brings us one step closer to predicting the future of the icy continent</strong>.</p>
1719. <p>At 14:00 it's time for <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49284" target="_blank"><strong>Education and Outreach session (EOS1.8) Telling climate stories: platforms, tools, and methodologies for accurate and engaging science communication</strong></a>.</p>
1720. <blockquote>
1721. <p>Scientists, communicators, citizens, and the media: public awareness of climate change calls for interdisciplinary collaboration to create clear and cohesive narratives to reach a wide and diverse audience and create a real impact. Climate change narratives can take different paths and focus on different perspectives, professions, sectors, and the audience addressed. The role of trust is also pivotal, as different publics are likely to reject information, regardless of its accuracy, if the message doesn’t resonate with an individuals' personal experiences. [...] This session is also designed to host a space of dialogue among researchers, fact-checkers, and communications experts to assess how disinformation affects science credibility and society and present tools to tackle it, enhancing the quality of information with a positive effect on public trust in science and resilience.</p>
1722. </blockquote>
1723. <p>My slot to present <strong><a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-1575.html" target="_blank">Resources to give facts a fighting chance against misinformation</a></strong> is from 16:50 to 17:00 with 8 minutes alloted for the presentation itself. I'll briefly introduce participants to Skeptical Science, mention our <a href="https://sks.to/at-a-glance" target="_blank">rebuttals updates factory</a> and <a href="https://sks.to/hotmess" target="_blank">quick debunking</a> of "Climate the Movie" before mentioning the <a href="https://sks.to/debunk2020" target="_blank">Debunking Handbook</a>, the <a href="https://sks.to/conspiracy" target="_blank">Conspiracy Theory handbook</a>, the <a href="https://sks.to/flicc-sks" target="_blank">FLICC taxonomy</a> of science denial techniques and how to learn about them with the help of the <a href="https://sks.to/crankyintro" target="_blank">Cranky Uncle game</a>. Sounds like a lot? Yes, but it all fits within the 8 minutes, if only barely! You can take a <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/docs/EGU2024-EOS1.8-FightingChance.pdf" target="_blank">"sneak peek" at my presentation here</a>.</p>
1724. <p><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/docs/EGU2024-EOS1.8-FightingChance.pdf" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-EOS1.8-FightingChance-570px.jpg" alt="EGU24 EOS1.8 Fighting Chance" width="570" height="370" /></a></p>
1725. <h3>Wednesday</h3>
1726. <p>Wednesday will be a rather interesting day for me. It starts at 8:30 with <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/50651" target="_blank"><strong>Union Symposia (US6) Misunderstanding or malice? Getting to the bottom of geoscience disinformation</strong></a> and much to my surprise I was invited to be one of the panelists for this almost 2 hour long session. This will obviously be a first for me, so I'm still not quite sure what I'm getting myself into with agreeing to being on the panel. However, given that the conveners are well aware of my background, I'll be able to talk about the "stuff" I'm familiar with, including at least some of the items mentioned in the presentation for EOS1.8 or other comparable presentation I already did at EGU and/or elserwhere. This Union Symposia is convended by Flora Maria Brocza with Chloe Hill, Viktor J. Bruckman, Kirsten v. Elverfeldt and Christina West as co-conveners. Apart from myself, the confirmed speakers for the session are Vita Crivello (Science-Policy & Science Communication expert), Gaura Naithani (Project Manager & Researcher, European Journalism Centre) and Simon Clark (Science communicator & author).</p>
1727. <blockquote>
1728. <p>The spread of false and misleading information can erode trust in public institutions, governments, and the scientific community. It fosters polarisation, disrupts informed decision-making, obstructs constructive dialogue, and subsequently poses a threat to social cohesion and democracy. As researchers, we stand in the eye of the storm. As professional “knowledge generators”, we produce and evaluate facts and should be well-equipped to debunk information we read elsewhere. At the same time, we may not be as well equipped as we think and our research may be taken out of context, with single facts inserted into a wider misleading narrative.<br /><br />During this Union Symposium, an expert panel will outline what mis- and disinformation is, how it is created and spread in the digital age, why false experts gain traction and how they intentionally misrepresent scientific research, and how the dissemination of doubt and denial can undermine public trust, influence policy decisions, and impact society as a whole. The session will also discuss the role and responsibility of the scientific community in managing and preventing the spread of misinformation as well as the other tools that exist to deal with it.</p>
1729. </blockquote>
1730. <p>In the afternoon, I plan to join the closely related <strong><a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49208" target="_blank">short course (SC2.10) From Misunderstanding to Malice: Countering Mis- and Disinformation</a></strong>. The course is convenced by Kirsten v. Elverfeldt with Flora Maria Brocza, Maida Salkanovic, Chloe Hill and Simon Clark as co-conveners.</p>
1731. <blockquote>
1732. <p>The research we conduct doesn’t fall into a vacuum. Once published, it enters a large information ecosystem, where we hope that our findings will resonate. As researchers, we devote our whole careers to the study of a narrow field of knowledge. This devotion is not shared by other players in this ecosystem who engage with our research, which might lead to misunderstandings and thus unintentional misinformation. Even others in the ecosystem intentionally seek to spread false information or foster ideologically driven disinformation campaigns. Thus, the players in the ecosystem range from fellow scientists from the same or other disciplines, journalists, politicians, social media influencers, the general public, to troll farms. Clearly, not all of them have or seek an in-depth understanding of the scientific context in which a particular piece of information slots into, and some merely seek to generate attention or outrage with their writing.</p>
1733. <p>Many scientists feel somewhat uneasy in this ecosystem - lacking the tools to engage meaningfully. For example, when talking to journalists, information on the uncertainty of data may not be conveyed for the sake of clear and easy-to-follow storylines. Facts may be simplified or even misrepresented, which might lead to a certain reluctance of scientists to talk to journalists. However, especially this type of direct science-media-interaction is crucial for the debunking of mis- and disinformation.</p>
1734. </blockquote>
1735. <p>In the late afternoon - starting at 16:15 - I tentatively plan to join the first part of <strong>Education and Outreach session (EOS1.1) <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49280" target="_blank">Science and Society: Science Communication Practice, Research, and Reflection</a></strong><a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49280" target="_blank">.</a> Based on previous years' experiences, I'm expecting to learn about several interesting projects related to science communication in this session convended by Solmaz Mohadjer and Roberta Bellini, Francesco Avanzi, Usha Harris and Maria Vittoria Gargiulo as co-conveners.</p>
1736. <blockquote>
1737. <p>Science communication includes the efforts of natural, physical and social scientists, communications professionals, and teams that communicate the process and values of science and scientific findings to non-specialist audiences outside of formal educational settings. The goals of science communication can include enhanced dialogue, understanding, awareness, enthusiasm, improving decision making, or influencing behaviors. Channels can include in-person interaction, online, social media, mass media, or other methods. This session invites presentations by individuals and teams on science communication practice, research, and reflection, addressing questions like: What kind of communication efforts are you engaging in and how you are doing it? How is social science informing understandings of audiences, strategies, or effects? What are lessons learned from long-term communication efforts?</p>
1738. </blockquote>
1739. <p> <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-EOS1.1-ScienceCommsPart1-1300px.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-EOS1.1-ScienceCommsPart1-570px.jpg" alt="EGU24 - EOS1.! list of abstracts" width="570" height="488" /></a></p>
1740. <h3>Thursday</h3>
1741. <p>While putting together my itinerary it looked as if Thursday morning would be an empty slot, but only until I realized that session EOS1.1 had 3 timeslots all told, with two of them happening on Thursday morning starting at 8:30! So, the same description as above applies for <strong>Education and Outreach session (EOS1.1) <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49280" target="_blank">Science and Society: Science Communication Practice, Research, and Reflection</a></strong><a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49280" target="_blank">.</a> To see the list of presentations click <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-EOS1.1-ScienceCommsPart2-1200px.jpg" target="_blank">here for part 2</a> and <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-EOS1.1-ScienceCommsPart3-1200px.jpg" target="_blank">here for part 3</a>.</p>
1742. <p>In the afternoon it's time for <strong>short course (SC3.2) <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49209" target="_blank">Elevate your Pitch: Developing Engaging Short Scientific Presentations</a></strong>. Perhaps this will also contain some helpful tips for non-scientific presentations which based on the learning objectives of this short course could well be the case:</p>
1743. <ul>
1744. <li>Structuring a killer elevator pitch – learning from 1/2/3-min examples</li>
1745. <li>Knowing your audience – harnessing the power of tailored openings/closings</li>
1746. <li>Captivating delivery – leveraging body language to your advantage</li>
1747. <li>Harnessing creativity - choosing the right medium</li>
1748. <li>Enunciating to engage – communicating across borders</li>
1749. <li>Effectively practising your pitch – making the best of your time</li>
1750. </ul>
1751. <p>The final session for me on Thursday will most likely be <strong>Education and Outreach session (EOS4.1) <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/49288#PICO" target="_blank">Science Policy Interface: Shaping Debates and building bridges</a></strong>. I picked this for two reasons: it's another repeat for me and earlier sessions were interesting. And, it's a session in the fun - if somewhat hectic - <a href="https://www.egu24.eu/guidelines/presenters/pico.html" target="_blank">PICO format</a>, with a whirlwiind of 2-minute long pitches followed by longer discussions with abstract authors at their onsite or virtual screens. The session is convened by Marie Heidenreich with Susann Birnstengel, Giorgia StasiECS, Chloe Hill and Maria Vittoria Gargiulo as co-conveners.</p>
1752. <blockquote>
1753. <p>Scientific knowledge is crucial for shaping policies related to climate, environment, sustainability, and resources. To have an impact on politics, research needs to communicate in a way that addresses needs and offers solutions. However, it is important to identify the most effective science policy formats that can contribute to enriching political debates. While there are now many resources available to scientists who would like to engage in the policymaking process, finding specific information or practical examples that relate to a specific discipline or field of research can be challenging.<br /><br />This session aims to bridge that gap by highlighting success stories from scientists who have engaged in policy and made critical societal impacts – either on a European, national, or local level – across different scientific disciplines and science officers who have facilitated successful science-policy-dialogues. It will also aim to examine the various challenges that researchers face when engaging on the science-policy interface and various strategies that others have taken to manage and overcome them.</p>
1754. </blockquote>
1755. <p><img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU23-PICO-Spot-3a-570px.JPG" alt="EGU23 PICO Spot example" width="570" height="428" /></p>
1756. <h3>Friday</h3>
1757. <p>Right now, it looks like I might have a "late start" to the day on Friday (unless I hang out in Gather.town!) with a <strong>Great Debate (GDB8) about <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/50646" target="_blank">Artificial Intelligence in scientific publishing: blessing or bane?</a></strong> This may or may not be of interest for me, so I'll take a look and then decide if I watch it or not. </p>
1758. <blockquote>
1759. <p>The rise of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, including Large Language Models (LLM), presents both challenges and opportunities for scientific publishing. How can we use these tools responsibly and effectively?</p>
1760. <p>The discussion will explore several aspects of the topic, including:</p>
1761. </blockquote>
1762. <blockquote>
1763. <ul>
1764. <li>Best practices in employing AI tools for scientific writing</li>
1765. <li>The potential of AI to assist in the peer review process</li>
1766. <li>Responsibilities and ethical considerations for authors, reviewers, editors and publishers</li>
1767. </ul>
1768. </blockquote>
1769. <p>In the afternoon <strong>Great Debate (GDB6) <a href="https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/session/50642" target="_blank">If informing is not enough, how should scientists engage to accelerate the social transformation required by climate change and biodiversity collapse?</a></strong> will most likely be my last session for this year's EGU conference.</p>
1770. <blockquote>
1771. <p>Numerous geoscientists are producing and disseminating knowledge about climate change and contemporary environmental degradation to increasingly wider audiences, from civil society to policymakers. This knowledge is notably gathered in alarming reports by scientific institutions such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) or the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and it indicates that rapid and radical transformations of our societies are simply vital.</p>
1772. <p>Still, ongoing efforts to trigger such transformations, whether by political, economic, or civil society stakeholders, often fall short of the urgent actions recommended. It has increasingly been suggested that putting most efforts into ever-improving knowledge and communication is a strategy that can only address part of the obvious gap between Science and the required societal change (see review articles by Stoddard et al., 2021 and Oreskes, 2022).</p>
1773. </blockquote>
1774. <h3>Summary</h3>
1775. <p>As you can see, I'm planning for quite a busy week and will most likely not be twiddling my thumbs much! In addition to attending the sessions above, I also plan to offer a few <a href="https://blogs.egu.eu/geolog/2024/03/19/run-your-own-event-at-egu24-with-the-pop-up-networking-scheduler/" target="_blank">Networking Pop-Up Events </a>to talk about our resources and Cranky Uncle if people take me up on the offer. This year, these events can be scheduled to happen somewhere in Gather.town so that should bef fun to try out!</p>
1776. <p>Like in previous years, I intend to write up my take on the sessions attended and also keep an eye on how well things work in this fully hybrid conference format. We'll then see how much of the week goes as planned!</p>
1777. &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="https://skepticalscience.com/pics/EGU24-CalendarForTheWeek-570px.jpg" alt="EGU24 Calendar" width="570" height="328" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
1778. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/egu24-prolog.html</link>
1779. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/egu24-prolog.html</guid>
1780. <pubDate>Wed, 10 Apr 2024 10:12:53 EST</pubDate>
1781. </item>  <item>
1782. <title>Climate Adam: Is Global Warming Speeding Up?</title>
1783. <description>&lt;p class="greenbox"&gt;This video includes conclusions of the creator climate scientist&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.climateadam.co.uk/" target="_blank"&gt;Dr. Adam Levy&lt;/a&gt;. It is presented to our readers as an informed perspective. Please see video description for references (if any).&lt;/p&gt;
1784. <p>Thanks to climate change, 2023 has shattered heat records, and 2024 is continuing where last year left off. With this devastating heat driving extreme weather - from heatwaves to downpours to wildfires - across the globe, scientists are increasingly asking if global warming could be accelerating. So what does the evidence show? Is the heating up of our planet speeding up? If so, what does this climate change mean for our future? And can we still hit the brakes and halt global warming?</p>
1785. <p>Support ClimateAdam on patreon: <a href="https://patreon.com/climateadam/" target="_blank">https://patreon.com/climateadam</a></p>
1786. <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7p0HdzZsdII" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7p0HdzZsdII/hqdefault.jpg" data-pre-sourced="yes" data-sourced="yes" id="image1" data-original="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7p0HdzZsdII/hqdefault.jpg" data-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7p0HdzZsdII/hqdefault.jpg" alt="YouTube Video" "="" class="" style="max-width: 580px;"></a></p>
1787. &lt;!--more--&gt;</description>
1788. <link>https://skepticalscience.com/ClimateAdam-is-global-warming-speeding-up.html</link>
1789. <guid>https://skepticalscience.com/ClimateAdam-is-global-warming-speeding-up.html</guid>
1790. <pubDate>Mon, 8 Apr 2024 10:50:24 EST</pubDate>
1791. </item> </channel> </rss>

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