It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior #541015709099 (2025-02-05)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior #541015709099 (2025-02-05)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-02-04T19:59:33Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Donna Perez" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior #541015709099 (2025-02-05)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Donna Perez",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-02-04T19:59:33Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/541015709099"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "541015709099",
  52.            "abstract": "The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior #541015709099 (2025-02-05)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Donna Perez",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-02-04T19:59:33Z",
  58.                "url": "https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior" title="The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Donna Perez</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-02-05</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Donna Perez for contributing the article "The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior" title="The Influence of Social Comparison Mechanics on In-Game Behavior" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>Multiplayer madness ensues as alliances are forged and tested, betrayals unfold like intricate dramas, and epic battles erupt, painting the virtual sky with a kaleidoscope of chaos, cooperation, and camaraderie. In the vast and dynamic world of online gaming, players from across the globe come together to collaborate, compete, and forge meaningful connections. Whether teaming up with friends to tackle cooperative challenges or engaging in fierce competition against rivals, the social aspect of gaming adds an extra layer of excitement and immersion, creating unforgettable experiences and lasting friendships.</p>
  100. <p>Game developers are the visionary architects behind the mesmerizing worlds and captivating narratives that define modern gaming experiences. Their tireless innovation and creativity have propelled the industry forward, delivering groundbreaking titles that blur the line between reality and fantasy, leaving players awestruck and eager for the next technological marvel.</p>
  101. <p>This study investigates the impact of mobile gaming on neuroplasticity and brain development, focusing on how playing games affects cognitive functions such as memory, attention, spatial navigation, and problem-solving. By integrating theories from neuroscience and psychology, the research explores the mechanisms through which mobile games might enhance neural connections, especially in younger players or those with cognitive impairments. The paper reviews existing evidence on brain training games and their efficacy, proposing a framework for designing mobile games that can facilitate cognitive improvement while considering potential risks, such as overstimulation or addiction, in certain populations.</p>
  102. <p>This research investigates the ethical and psychological implications of microtransaction systems in mobile games, particularly in free-to-play models. The study examines how microtransactions, which allow players to purchase in-game items, cosmetics, or advantages, influence player behavior, spending habits, and overall satisfaction. Drawing on ethical theory and psychological models of consumer decision-making, the paper explores how microtransactions contribute to the phenomenon of “pay-to-win,” exploitation of vulnerable players, and player frustration. The research also evaluates the psychological impact of loot boxes, virtual currency, and in-app purchases, offering recommendations for ethical monetization practices that prioritize player well-being without compromising developer profitability.</p>
  103. <p>Gaming's impact on education is profound, with gamified learning platforms revolutionizing how students engage with academic content. By incorporating game elements such as rewards, challenges, and progression systems into educational software, educators are able to make learning more interactive, enjoyable, and effective, catering to diverse learning styles and enhancing retention rates.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://385261750022-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://515923436588-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://202478906423-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://609611962464-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://717466296544-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://335088458320-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://416763134881-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://511165599008-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://943775826593-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://807395546762-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://222233027305-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://987647928667-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://122899122445-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://758598087841-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://544301123412-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://325570145905-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://803588642173-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://296537870338-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://353943423782-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://646963383946-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?724758593887&amp;url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?120508773379&amp;url=https://naver120508773379-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?708092764240&amp;url=https://naver708092764240-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?000399102263&amp;url=https://naver000399102263-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?130477447357&amp;url=https://naver130477447357-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?524048159188&amp;url=https://naver524048159188-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?009225538686&amp;url=https://naver009225538686-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?330165928322&amp;url=https://naver330165928322-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?237156067980&amp;url=https://naver237156067980-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?444312956072&amp;url=https://naver444312956072-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?564397620436&amp;url=https://naver564397620436-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?132831876217&amp;url=https://naver132831876217-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?512119476905&amp;url=https://naver512119476905-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-678721335529.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-716348009320.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-368968426308.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-442005976601.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-511443570366.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-219940794004.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-501262323567.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-825961683678.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-657158518735.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-967324016602.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-871138904710.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-661444031863.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-274935212335.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-235617673727.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-221318735239.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-751984517188.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-846228051192-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-966589564653-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-114822717430-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5681749203" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5904831627">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Real-Time Synchronization in Cross-Platform Multiplayer Mobile Games" title="Real-Time Synchronization in Cross-Platform Multiplayer Mobile Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-5904831627.mit-edu.top/post/5904831627/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5904831627">Real-Time Synchronization in Cross-Platform Multiplayer Mobile Games</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This research explores the use of adaptive learning algorithms and machine learning techniques in mobile games to personalize player experiences. The study examines how machine learning models can analyze player behavior and dynamically adjust game content, difficulty levels, and in-game rewards to optimize player engagement. By integrating concepts from reinforcement learning and predictive modeling, the paper investigates the potential of personalized game experiences in increasing player retention and satisfaction. The research also considers the ethical implications of data collection and algorithmic bias, emphasizing the importance of transparent data practices and fair personalization mechanisms in ensuring a positive player experience.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/5904831627" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/18.jpg" alt="Real-Time Synchronization in Cross-Platform Multiplayer Mobile Games" title="Real-Time Synchronization in Cross-Platform Multiplayer Mobile Games" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Eric Howard</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/7614592830">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/6.jpg" alt="The Psychology of Gift-Giving Mechanics in Mobile Social Games" title="The Psychology of Gift-Giving Mechanics in Mobile Social Games" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-7614592830.mit-edu.top/post/7614592830/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/7614592830">The Psychology of Gift-Giving Mechanics in Mobile Social Games</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">This research explores how mobile gaming influences consumer behavior, particularly in relation to brand loyalty and purchasing decisions. It examines how in-game advertisements, product placements, and brand collaborations impact players’ perceptions and engagement with brands. The study also looks at the role of mobile gaming in shaping consumer trends, with a particular focus on young, tech-savvy demographics.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/7614592830" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/16.jpg" alt="The Psychology of Gift-Giving Mechanics in Mobile Social Games" title="The Psychology of Gift-Giving Mechanics in Mobile Social Games" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Kimberly Gonzalez</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/3082546179">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/19.jpg" alt="AI-Orchestrated Adaptive Soundscapes for Immersive Gaming Experiences" title="AI-Orchestrated Adaptive Soundscapes for Immersive Gaming Experiences" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-3082546179.mit-edu.top/post/3082546179/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-02-05</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/3082546179">AI-Orchestrated Adaptive Soundscapes for Immersive Gaming Experiences</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the use of mobile games as educational tools, assessing their effectiveness in teaching various subjects and skills. It discusses the advantages and limitations of game-based learning in mobile contexts.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://vmjxz7.mit-edu.top/post/3082546179" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/20.jpg" alt="AI-Orchestrated Adaptive Soundscapes for Immersive Gaming Experiences" title="AI-Orchestrated Adaptive Soundscapes for Immersive Gaming Experiences" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Brian Phillips</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-02-05 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda