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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/" > <channel> <title>ajkfpln.info</title> <atom:link href="http://ajkfpln.info/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" /> <link>https://ajkfpln.info</link> <description></description> <lastBuildDate>Sun, 05 Nov 2023 22:38:33 +0000</lastBuildDate> <language>en</language> <sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod> <sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency> <generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=3.1.3</generator> <item> <title>Real Estate Laws and How They Pertain to LGBD Marriages</title> <link>https://ajkfpln.info/real-estate-laws-and-how-they-pertain-to-lgbd-marriages/</link> <comments>https://ajkfpln.info/real-estate-laws-and-how-they-pertain-to-lgbd-marriages/#comments</comments> <pubDate>Fri, 19 May 2023 15:52:11 +0000</pubDate> <dc:creator>admin</dc:creator> <category><![CDATA[Law and Issues]]></category> <guid isPermaLink="false">http://ajkfpln.info/?p=77</guid> <description><![CDATA[Laws concerning property ownership always have to be figured into the mix when a married couple purchases the property jointly. In cases of couples just living together who aren’t legally married, however, the issue can be a bit stickier. This … <a href="https://ajkfpln.info/real-estate-laws-and-how-they-pertain-to-lgbd-marriages/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">→</span></a>]]></description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="article-content"><p>Laws concerning property ownership always have to be figured into the mix when a married couple purchases the property jointly. In cases of couples just living together who aren’t legally married, however, the issue can be a bit stickier. This is true of heterosexual couples as well as LGBD couples, but the laws tend to be more blurred in the case of the LGBDs. After all, not every state recognizes gay marriages or divorces, and in every state the laws are different. While some states, such as Iowa and Massachusetts, permit gay and lesbian marriages, most other states do not. So how exactly does the law address real estate coupled with LGBD ownership?</p><p>As with almost anyone, real estate can be a great investment. Now is the time to buy properties at far less than their original prices and then wait for the housing market to bounce back. Everything should be well and good. However, what if you and your mate have a serious falling out as so many other couples do? Have you ever considered the issue of getting a divorce if you enter into a gay marriage? A typical divorce not only dissolves the union between two people, but it also grants property settlements, including the ownership of a jointly-owned home. Without this legal intervention, most irate partners would find it difficult to reach agreements about disposing of assets, such as property.</p><p>People who have been in LGBD marriages, though, have discovered that it’s not as easy as it should be to get a divorce if that time should come. True, none of us want to believe that a divorce could be in our future, but we all need to face reality. It happens. In the case of LGBD individuals, getting a divorce may prove to be an impossibility. Even in states that recognize LGBD marriages, there may be no such thing as an LGBD divorce. Even if a sympathetic judge might want to grant you a divorce, in a state where gay marriages aren’t recognized, there will be no way he can do so. While states cooperate and reciprocate in most legal matters, this is not the case with LGBD divorces.</p><p>So how can you protect your real estate investment when you know there won’t be an opportunity for legal recourse should you divorce? Finding the right people to help you is the key here. Start by using an LGBD relator who has the expertise to steer you in the right direction. You will also need to hire an LGBD attorney who knows how the laws will pertain to you.</p><p>Always ask a lot of questions, and be sure that you never sign anything without knowing what you could be running into. These are reasons for going to the expense of hiring an attorney who has expertise in the field of LGBD law. Taking these initial steps before you ever co-sign a loan agreement or purchase property together will stand you in good stead should that unfathomable day you want a divorce or separation actually occur.</p></p></div><div class="mads-block"></div>]]></content:encoded> <wfw:commentRss>https://ajkfpln.info/real-estate-laws-and-how-they-pertain-to-lgbd-marriages/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> </item> <item> <title>How to Invest in This Real Estate Market</title> <link>https://ajkfpln.info/how-to-invest-in-this-real-estate-market/</link> <comments>https://ajkfpln.info/how-to-invest-in-this-real-estate-market/#comments</comments> <pubDate>Sat, 13 May 2023 19:46:15 +0000</pubDate> <dc:creator>admin</dc:creator> <category><![CDATA[Real Estate]]></category> <category><![CDATA[building]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Buying]]></category> <category><![CDATA[commercial]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Commercial Property]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Construction]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Home]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Home Staging]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Homes]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Investing]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Marketing]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Property Management]]></category> <guid isPermaLink="false">http://ajkfpln.info/?p=75</guid> <description><![CDATA[‘Which approach do I use get deals in the sizzling market of real estate?’ This is a recurrent question am frequently asked. Essentially, there are various ways of getting deals in the sizzling real estate business. It all relies on … <a href="https://ajkfpln.info/how-to-invest-in-this-real-estate-market/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">→</span></a>]]></description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> ‘Which approach do I use get deals in the sizzling market of real estate?’ This is a recurrent question am frequently asked. Essentially, there are various ways of getting deals in the sizzling real estate business. It all relies on the risk level you are prepared to take and investment objectives. I am personally conservative in a sizzling market. I might make less amounts of money than those that speculate and purchase due to a hot market. However, your risk tolerance and objectives might be different.Some diverse real estate temperaments and their approach of finding real estate properties are described here: The speculator: this is a genius when it comes to HOT markets. Speculators do not go wrong since whatever amount he pays at present there will be another person prepared to pay extra in future. Just like stock markets, when one is hot, one is hot and everyone is a winner.The negative aspect for speculators occurs when an end comes to every good thing. When an end comes, sometimes the speculator may get stuck while carrying the bag. I have no objections to speculation but have zero tolerance or patience for whining after the ride ends. Like Russina Roulette, the odds for winning are five out of six which is good.On the positive aspect, speculators can make more money. If one rapidly gets in and out of a deal, the risk is restricted to the holdings one has at any particular moment. Markets regularly return artificial profits and this is a flip side of the speculating approach. Paying more than the worth of a property is a risk one can get in and is a horrible position to face in case the market rapidly turns around.Investors are normally eager to reimburse retail prices then sell at high values in new markets due to the rush of customers when the market is hot. There is a danger in this game. Incase one decides to play the game, ensure one understands all risks one is likely to face and have a tactic of resolving them in case the risk strikes one. Just like when trading commodities, managing risks is an important game to master as rewards come with risks.The investor: a dream for speculators is a real estate market on fire, which is a nightmare for investors. This is because approaches that worked before no longer bear similar results. One’s efforts for marketing may face decreased efficiency and one is likely to have few chances of purchasing properties at discounted rates one had accustomed to. Even it market results plummet, this situation is depressing as the only way out is by marketing more so as to improved one’s marketing techniques.Hot markets can result in a big blow to the self-confidence of the investor. It makes an investor halt and question if at all they are engaging in something wrong. There is nothing wrong done but there is a need for change. Because marketing is not very effective in hot markets, investors need to spend more time in marketing for them to create sufficient leads. Specializing in a single field and dominating one niche is a possibility. Some possibilities include bankruptcies, pre-foreclosures, tax liens field, divorce filings, quitclaim property, eviction notices and death noticesWhenever a market becomes HOT, it is wise to search for opportunities for buying ‘subject to’ properties as they create a perfect cash flow. Whenever there is a flow in property cash, it is not easy to go wrong. What is done in HOT real estate markets? Personally, I have sold most properties and realized cash profits. Now I am apprehensively waiting for a turn in the markets. I am certain when this happens, there will be a rush from many investors for a cover while I will be among the few that will be picking up deals. At this instance, the complete investing game changes and I will give an explanation on what should be done in this market later.Conversely, do not conclude that I am not buying houses anymore. We still sell houses at a wholesale and many times the profits are less, but we make cash money with no risk the same day with cash flowing in and out. Still, there are many deals available and there are no problems faced. No one knows when markets will turn and maybe no one will ever know. It also does not matter even if one knows and has tactics of investing in current markets. However, let me inform you why people think markets will revolutionize.1. Market Cycle: Nothing is resistant to the rise and fall of markets and cycles are a natural component of the entire process. Whenever housing is less, people will rush to build more houses. Once enough houses have been built, everyone stops building. Then a time comes when houses are less and the cycle carries on repeatedly.2. Interest Rates: When there is a rise in interest rates, the affordability of houses by buyers is likely to reduce. This in return affects prices, new homes construction and prices. When the market resumes back to normal, smart investors will be keen to buy complete subdivision ventures from the bankrupt developers. Most houses in hot markets are pre-sold but when they get finished, most developers get in deep trouble as they depend on profits and deposits from pre-sold houses once construction is finished.3. The Economy of the U.S.: For over a century, the United States has held the position of the greatest financial powerhouse in the world. The United States economy has managed to shove its mass around. At this moment, the United States market faced numerous natural cycles. However, this has been changing rapidly and the Euro is now the world’s currency. This has been demonstrated by the strength of the Euro and the many countries scaling back T-Bonds (United States dollar) and using Euros instead. The dollar has taken a through beating with the Euro replacing it.Merge this information with a deficit of 50 billion dollars per month and one will find out that there is something wrong. Combine and see the big picture that goes beyond hot markets. Apart from the economy of the United States, there is plenty of work making its way via services on the internet. This is every entrepreneurs dream as it offers a market economy that is free. However, to American employees, this is a vicious wake-up call.Will markets turn? Constantly, and whenever they do, we will regulate or amend our marketing investment strategies and make immense profits. </p>]]></content:encoded> <wfw:commentRss>https://ajkfpln.info/how-to-invest-in-this-real-estate-market/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> </item> <item> <title>Term Life Insurance Companies, Their Ratings And More</title> <link>https://ajkfpln.info/term-life-insurance-companies-their-ratings-and-more/</link> <comments>https://ajkfpln.info/term-life-insurance-companies-their-ratings-and-more/#comments</comments> <pubDate>Sat, 13 May 2023 12:44:21 +0000</pubDate> <dc:creator>admin</dc:creator> <category><![CDATA[life insurance]]></category> <guid isPermaLink="false">http://ajkfpln.info/?p=73</guid> <description><![CDATA[There are countless term insurance life insurance companies. As someone who’s been a life insurance professional for more than 20 years, I can honestly say that the best term life insurance companies, the top rated term life insurance companies, and … <a href="https://ajkfpln.info/term-life-insurance-companies-their-ratings-and-more/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">→</span></a>]]></description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> There are countless term insurance life insurance companies. As someone who’s been a life insurance professional for more than 20 years, I can honestly say that the best term life insurance companies, the top rated term life insurance companies, and the best rated term life insurance companies are very similar. It’s not to say they are all exactly alike but they are usually similar. To compare term life insurance companies is really a matter of what’s important to prospective insurance client.Your priorityMy experience has been that what most people are concerned with when it comes to term insurance is what it will cost them.Clearly some term life insurance companies are more highly rated by companies such as A.M. Best, Moody’s, and Standard & Poor.Some of the factors that determine a company’s rating are:</p><p>Financial strength</p><p>Financial stability</p><p>Ability to pay claims</p><p>Claims paying expediency<br />If any of these factors, among the others that are used, are important to you when you compare term life insurance companies, how important are these factors to you in comparison to price?What if one company is considered one of the best term life insurance companies in the industry but the premium cost is double that for the same amount of coverage by one that is not considered one of the best rated term life insurance companies?What’s your priority?RatingsSimilar to being in school, term life insurance companies and all insurance companies are rated on an A-F basis.Seems easy to understand, right?Did you know that and “A” rated company can be rated anywhere from A++ to A-?Did you know that different ratings companies, including those mentioned above use different criteria to determine ratings?Did you know that an insurance company can be rated differently by the different ratings companies?If an insurer receives a favorable rating from one rating company and a less favorable one from another rating company, which one do you think they’re going to make sure you’re aware of?UnderwritingInsurance companies use the term underwriting to determine who pays how much for what. Different companies have different underwriting guidelines. Its name literally means that someone in the company places a signature on the policy saying a particular person meets the company’s underwriting guidelines.There are three main methods used for underwriting life insurance policies:</p><p>Fully underwritten-most common-may involve medical exam (blood/urine specimen/attending physician statement).</p><p>Simplified issue-less common-no medical exam-decision regarding issue usually swift</p><p>Guaranteed issue-anyone who applies and meets certain conditions is guaranteed that a policy will be issued-(includes accidental death insurance and graded death benefit policies)<br />There are also different underwriting classifications. The most common:</p><p>Preferred-best rates</p><p>Standard-most common</p><p>Sub-standard, also known as rated or table<br />Some companies subdivide the classifications. For example:</p><p>Super preferred</p><p>Ultra preferred</p><p>Standard plus<br />Table can be in the form of a number (usually 1-6) or a letter (usually A-G) – the higher the number or letter, the higher the premium.ConvertibilitySome companies allow for conversion of a term policy to a permanent policy at a later date without proving insurability.Other companies allow for conversion but require proof of insurability.Some companies do not offer convertibility at all.If convertibility is offered, it is often within certain time limits.If you’re sure you want term and nothing else, then this is not something you need to consider.PriceThe main factors that affect price:1. Health2. Age3. Life styleThey are numbered as such because that is generally the order of priority companies use to classify prospective clients.Poor health can and will exclude someone regardless of age and lifestyle and no amount of money will buy insurance. On the other hand excellent health can go a long way in reducing premiums.A person’s age is the next factor. The age is compared to mortality rates. Different companies have different charts for mortality rates.Another way to describe mortality rate is how many years someone of their age is away from death.Statistically speaking, insurance companies know pretty accurately how many people of a certain age will die before their next birthday.Life style is the third factor. The most common consideration is whether someone smokes but there are others as well, such as what someone does for a living. Certain professions are more hazardous than others.A person’s hobbies have an effect as well. Sky diving, and speed racing are often frowned upon, and may not result in denial of coverage, but could result in higher premiums.Regardless of all factors, female rates are nearly always lower than male rates.Fully underwritten vs. simplified issue vs. guaranteed issueAll things being equal, fully underwritten is going to result in the best priced premium. However, often times all things are not equal.Are you sure your health is as good as you think it is or is it possible a blood/urine sample, saliva swab, or doctor’s report could reveal something you’re not aware of, or if you’re not the most ethical person, perhaps something you simply don’t want to reveal?A fully underwritten policy takes much more into consideration when determining rating class and price than a simplified issue policy.Depending on your point of view, that can be an advantage or a disadvantage.Assuming you’re being honest and there’s not already information reported about you to the medical information bureau (MIB), your chances of a policy being issued as applied for are as high as 9 out of 10 if you apply for a simplified issue policy.On the other hand, there is about a 60% chance you will not qualify for a fully underwritten policy as applied for.A guaranteed issue policy will definitely be issued. You will know if you qualify before actually signing the application. It’s either yes or no. However because it’s guaranteed, the price is usually much higher, unless it is a conditional policy such as an accidental death policy.ConclusionUnless you know the ropes and/or can take the time to weigh all the factors when comparing term life insurance companies, an experienced professional can steer you the best term life insurance companies for you to consider.Having said that, if you want to be absolutely sure that you’ll get the insurance you want, it’s best to buy a guaranteed issue policy.If you’re pretty sure you’re in good health but don’t want to go to the trouble of a medical exam or paramedical exam (blood/urine), or you don’t want to reveal certain matters that could affect your ability to obtain insurance, you should consider a simplified issue policy.Once you qualify for a policy, assuming no fraud is involved, the only one who can cancel the policy once it’s been issued is you. The insurance company cannot cancel you as long as the premiums are paid.Perhaps it makes sense to apply for a guaranteed or simplified issue policy first. Once issued then shop for the best price and/or the best rated term life insurance companies.What’s best for you?I invite any and all questions and comments. </p>]]></content:encoded> <wfw:commentRss>https://ajkfpln.info/term-life-insurance-companies-their-ratings-and-more/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> </item> <item> <title>Top Tips When Selecting a Web Hosting Service for Your Site</title> <link>https://ajkfpln.info/top-tips-when-selecting-a-web-hosting-service-for-your-site/</link> <comments>https://ajkfpln.info/top-tips-when-selecting-a-web-hosting-service-for-your-site/#comments</comments> <pubDate>Tue, 09 May 2023 18:28:13 +0000</pubDate> <dc:creator>admin</dc:creator> <category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category> <category><![CDATA[Web Hosting Domain Names]]></category> <guid isPermaLink="false">http://ajkfpln.info/?p=70</guid> <description><![CDATA[So with the myriads of options on web hosts, how do you choose the one that can give you the benefits and services that you require? Below are a few tips to help you get started on selecting a web … <a href="https://ajkfpln.info/top-tips-when-selecting-a-web-hosting-service-for-your-site/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">→</span></a>]]></description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> So with the myriads of options on web hosts, how do you choose the one that can give you the benefits and services that you require? Below are a few tips to help you get started on selecting a web hosting for your site.Knowledge is power.In everything you do, access to the right info is crucial. Make sure you research for top companies that offer the services you need for a price you can afford. You can check out reviews from experts and also from ordinary customers who also use the hosting services. Review sites and online forum communities are an ideal place to start your search. Take note of the efficiency of services and the reliability of customer support.Cost is an issue.While web hosting services are not that cheap, it doesn’t mean you have to spend a big part of your business resources on this alone. You generally have 2 options for hosting services. First option is to take advantage of free web hosting. The zero cost, however, has some downsides. One is not having your own domain name (the web host’s name will stick with your site name) and another is the prevalence of different advertisements on your page. If ever you want this service, ensure that you’ve read the terms and conditions right from the start to save your effort and time from using the free service. As for paid web hosting services, you can find several web hosts that offer budget-friendly package plans. Don’t be easily blinded by the cheap costs, though, because the quality of services offered is still the more important thing to be taken into account.Contract duration.You can save a lot of money if you avail yourself of longer contracts. Just a note of caution, though: it’s advisable to try for a shorter term first before making a longer commitment. This is important to ensure that you’re satisfied with their service and that you feel assured about the reliability of their customer support and web hosting services.Available domain name.A lot of business owners prefer paid hosting because they offer unlimited domain names and email accounts. Having your own domain name for your business is an important factor in establishing web presence and earning the trust of the online market you’re targeting for your business.Reliable customer support.You can’t help it when the company administers server maintenance and experience some glitches from time to time. To avoid getting wired up on tweaking your site settings, you’ll need fast and efficient customer support. Search for companies that are proven to offer excellent client support to help you maximize the services you’re using. </p>]]></content:encoded> <wfw:commentRss>https://ajkfpln.info/top-tips-when-selecting-a-web-hosting-service-for-your-site/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> </item> <item> <title>Strange Things Happened In The Outer Solar System</title> <link>https://ajkfpln.info/strange-things-happened-in-the-outer-solar-system/</link> <comments>https://ajkfpln.info/strange-things-happened-in-the-outer-solar-system/#comments</comments> <pubDate>Fri, 05 May 2023 11:56:55 +0000</pubDate> <dc:creator>admin</dc:creator> <category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category> <category><![CDATA[body systems]]></category> <category><![CDATA[chop suey system of down]]></category> <category><![CDATA[lonely day system of down]]></category> <category><![CDATA[operating systems]]></category> <category><![CDATA[organ system]]></category> <category><![CDATA[organ systems]]></category> <category><![CDATA[solar system]]></category> <category><![CDATA[system]]></category> <category><![CDATA[system of down]]></category> <category><![CDATA[system of down byob]]></category> <category><![CDATA[systems]]></category> <category><![CDATA[systems not goals]]></category> <category><![CDATA[systems thinking]]></category> <category><![CDATA[systems vs goals]]></category> <category><![CDATA[toxicity system of down]]></category> <category><![CDATA[writing systems]]></category> <guid isPermaLink="false">http://ajkfpln.info/?p=68</guid> <description><![CDATA[Decked out in colorful clown-like bands and pockmarked by whirling crimson storms, our Solar System’s largest planet, Jupiter, is truly the planetary monarch of our Sun’s fabulous family. This magnificent banded-behemoth, like other monarchs, has a devoted retinue of followers … <a href="https://ajkfpln.info/strange-things-happened-in-the-outer-solar-system/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">→</span></a>]]></description> <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> Decked out in colorful clown-like bands and pockmarked by whirling crimson storms, our Solar System’s largest planet, Jupiter, is truly the planetary monarch of our Sun’s fabulous family. This magnificent banded-behemoth, like other monarchs, has a devoted retinue of followers accompanying its every move as it wends its way around our Sun. The Jovian Trojan Asteroids are a large group of rocky followers that share their planet’s orbit, and compose two distinct stable groups–one group that travels ahead of the planet in its orbit, while the other trails it from behind. In September 2018, planetary scientists at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in San Antonio, Texas, announced their new findings revealing the true nature of an unusual and delightful duo of Jupiter Trojans. Their new study points to an ancient planetary shake-up and consequent rearrangement of our Solar System when it was still quite young and forming.The Trojan Asteroids are named for heroes appearing in the classic Greek epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, both attributed to Homer. The duo of Trojan Asteroids studied by SwRI scientists carry the fabled names of Petroclus and Menoetius. The duo are also targets of NASA’a upcoming Lucy mission that aims to explore the rocky followers of our Solar System’s largest planet.Petroclus and Menoetius are both approximately 70 miles wide and orbit each other as they circle around their planet together, both bound slavishly to their wandering enormous world. They are the only large binary known to exist among the two heavy populations of Trojan Asteroids.”The Trojans were likely captured during a dramatic period of dynamic instability when a skirmish between the Solar System’s giant planets–Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune–occurred,” noted Dr. David Nesvorny in a September 10, 2018 SwRI Press Release. Dr. Nesvorny, who is of the SwRI, is lead author of the paper describing this new study under the title: Evidence for Very Early Migration of the Solar System Planets from the Patroclus-Menoetius Binary Jupiter Trojan, published in the journal Nature Astronomy.This ancient planetary rearrangement of our Solar System pushed the duo of ice-giants Uranus and Neptune outward, where they met up with a large primeval population of small bodies believed to be the ancestors of today’s Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs), that dance around our Star in our Solar System’s outer limits. The Kuiper Belt is the distant, frigid home of a frozen multitude of comet nuclei, dwarf planets, and tiny icy tidbits. In this distant region of perpetual twilight the Sun casts its weak fires from so far away that it hangs suspended in the sky as if it were just an especially large Star sailing through a dark celestial sea with myriad other stars. The dwarf planet Pluto is one of the largest known KBOs.”Many small bodies of this primordial Kuiper Belt were scattered inwards, and a few of those became trapped as Trojan Asteroids,” Dr. Nesvorny added. Jupiter and the beautiful “Lord of the Rings”, Saturn, are gas-giants. In contrast, their outer Solar System neighbors, Uranus and Neptune, are ice-giants. The pair of gas-giants are much larger than our Solar System’s duo of ice-giants, and they also sport much thicker gaseous envelopes. The smaller ice-giants are thought to have larger solid cores enshrouded by thinner gaseous atmospheres than those that cloak both Jupiter and Saturn. Also, the gas-giant pair may not even contain solid cores at all, but may be composed entirely of gases and liquids.The Jupiter Trojans are dark, and show featureless, reddish spectra. There is no strong evidence of the presence of water, or any other specific compound, on their surfaces based on their spectra. However, many planetary scientists propose that they are encased in tholins, which are organic polymers formed by our Sun’s radiation. The Jupiter Trojans display densities (based on studies of binaries or rotational light curves) that vary, and they are thought to have been gravitationally snared into their current orbits during the early stages of our Solar System’s evolution–or, perhaps, slightly later, during the period of the migration of the giant planets.All stars, our own Sun included, are born surrounded by a whirling, swirling disk of gas and dust, which is termed a protoplanetary accretion disk. These rings encircle baby stars, and they contain the important ingredients from which an entourage of planets, as well as smaller objects, ultimately emerge.Our Solar System, as well as other systems surrounding stars beyond our Sun, evolve when an extremely dense and relatively small blob–tucked within the undulating folds of a dark, frigid, giant molecular cloud–collapses gravitationally under its own relentless and merciless gravitational pull. Such enormous, beautiful, and billowing clouds inhabit our Milky Way Galaxy in large numbers, as if they were lovely floating phantoms swimming through the space between stars. These dark clouds serve as the strange birthplace of infant stars.Most of the collapsing blob collects at the center, and ultimately ignites as a result of nuclear-fusion reactions–and a star is born. What remains of the gas and dust of the erstwhile blob becomes the protoplanetary accretion disk from a solar system forms. In the earliest phases, such accretion disks are both extremely massive and very hot, and they can linger around their youthful star (protostar) for as long as ten million years.By the time a star like our Sun has reached the T Tauri stage of its toddler years, the extremely hot, massive surrounding disk has grown both thinner and cooler. A T Tauri star can be compared to a human tot. These stellar toddlers are variable stars, and are extremely active at the tender age of a mere 10 million years. T Tauris are born with large diameters that are several times greater than the diameter of our Sun today. However, T Tauris are in the act of shrinking. Unlike human tots, T Tauris shrink as they grow up. By the time a stellar toddler has reached this stage of its development, less volatile materials have started to condense close to the center of the swirling encircling disk, thus forming extremely sticky and smoke-like motes of dust. These “sticky” particles of dust contain crystalline silicates.The little grains of dust eventually collide in the crowded disk environment, and glue themselves to one another, thus creating ever larger and larger objects–from pebble-size, to mountain-size, to asteroid-and-comet-size, to moon-size, to planet-size. These growing objects become a stellar system’s primordial population of planetesimals, which are the building blocks of planets. What is left of a heavy population of planetesimals, following the era of planet-formation, can linger around their parent-stars for billions of years after a mature system–such as our own Solar System–has formed. In our own Solar System, comets and asteroids are remnants of the primordial planetesimals.The term “trojan” has come to be used more generally to refer to other small Solar System bodies that display similar relationships with larger bodies. For example, there are Martian trojans and Neptune trojans. In addition, the gas-giant planet Saturn has an entourage of trojan moons. Indeed, NASA has recently announced the discovery of an Earth trojan! The term Trojan Asteroid itself is commonly understood to specifically refer to the Jupiter Trojans because the first Trojans were discovered close to Jupiter’s orbit–and Jupiter also currently has by far the most known Trojans.History Of The HuntIn 1772, the Italian-French mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736-1813) predicted that a small body sharing an orbit with a planet by residing 60 degrees ahead or behind it will be gravitationally snared if it is close to certain points (Lagrange Points). Lagrange, who based his prediction on a three-body problem, demonstrated that the gravitationally trapped body will librate slowly around the point of equilibrium in what he described as a horseshoe or tadpole orbit. These leading and trailing Lagrange Points are called the L4 and L5 Lagrange Points. The first asteroids to be captured in Lagrange Points were discovered more than a century after Lagrange had announced his hypothesis. Those associated with Jupiter were the first to be observed.Relative to their enormous host planet, each Jovian Trojan librates around one of Jupiter’s two stable Lagrange Points: L4 that is located 60 degrees ahead of Jupiter in its orbit, and L5 which is situated 60 degrees behind.The American astronomer E.E. Barnard (1857-1923) conducted the first recorded observation of a trojan, (12126) 1999 RM11 (identified as A904 RD at the time of its discovery), in 1904. However, neither Barnard nor other astronomers understood its significance at the time. Indeed, Barnard mistakenly believed that he had detected the then-recently discovered Saturnian mini-moon Phoebe, which was a mere two arc-minutes away in the sky at this time. Barnard alternatively entertained the possibility that this tiny object was an asteroid. The strange object’s puzzling identity was finally understood when its true orbit was calculated in 1999.The first reliable detection of a trojan occurred in February 1906, when the German astronomer Max Wolf (1863-1932) of Heidelberg-Konigstuhl State Observatory discovered an asteroid lingering at the L4 Lagrangian point of the Sun-Jupiter system. The object eventually was named after the lengendary Trojan War hero 588 Achilles. During the period 1906-1907 another duo of Jupiter Trojans were discovered by another German astronomer August Kopff (1882-1960). The newly discovered pair were named after the Trojan War heroes 624 Hektor and 617 Patroclus. Hektor, like Achilles, belonged to the L4 population–traveling “ahead” of Jupiter in its orbit. In contrast, Patroclus became the first trojan known to dwell at the L5 Lagrangian Point situated “behind” its banded behemoth host planet.The number of known Jupiter Trojans had risen to only 14 by 1961. However, as the technology used by astronomers continued to improve, the rate of discovery began to skyrocket. By January 2000, a total of 257 Jupiter Trojans had been discovered, and by May 2003, the number had ballooned to 1,600! As of February 2014, 3,898 known trojans had been discovered near the L4 point, while 2,049 trojans had been detected at the L5 point.Estimates of the total number of Jupiter Trojans are based on deep surveys of limited regions of the sky. The L4 swarm is believed to consist of between 160-240,000 members, with diameters that are greater than 2 kilometers and approximately 600,000 with diameters greater than 1 kilometer. If the L5 swarm consists of a comparable number of objects, there are over 1 million Jupiter Trojans of 1 kilometer in size or larger. All of the objects that are brighter than absolute magnitude 9.0 are probably known. These numbers are remarkably similar to kindred asteroids dwelling in the Main Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter. The total mass of the Jupiter Trojans is calculated to be approximately 0.0001 the mass of our own planet. This is equivalent to one-fifth the mass of the denizens of the Main Asteroid Belt.More recently, two studies now suggest that the members of both swarms mentioned above may be greatly overestimated. Indeed, the two new studies suggest that the true number of Jupiter Trojans may really be seven times less. The overestimate could be the result of the assumpton that all Jupiter Trojans have a low albedo of only about 0.04, in contrast to small bodies that may have an average albedo as high as 0.12; a mistaken assumption concerning the distribution of Jupiter Trojans in the sky. According to these more recent estimates, the total number of Jupiter Trojans with a diameter greater than 2 kilometers is 6,300 plue or minus 1,000 and 3,400 plus or minus 500 in the L4 and L5 swarms, respectively. These numbers could be reduced by a factor of 2 if small Jupiter Trojans are more reflective than larger members of their kind.The largest Jupiter Trojan is 624 Hektor, which has an average diameter of 203 plus or minus 3.6 kilometers. There are few large Jupiter Trojans when compared to the general population. The smaller the size, the greater the number of Jupiter Trojans–there are many more smaller swarm members than larger ones, and the number of smaller trojans increases rapidly down to 84 kilometers. The increase in number of smaller trojans is much more extreme than in the Main Asteroid Belt.Some Strange Things Happened Long AgoA key issue with the new Solar System evolution model is determining exactly when the ancient shake-up occurred. In this new study, the SwRI team of planetary scientists demonstrate that the very existence of the Patroclus-Menoetius duo strongly suggests that the dynamic instability among the quartet of gaseous giant planets must have occurred within the first 100 million years of our then-young Solar System’s evolutionSome recent models showing small body formation indicate that these types of binaries are relics of that primeval era when pairs of small bodies could still form directly from the encircling cloud of “pebbles” during our Solar System’s youth.”Observations of today’s Kuiper Belt show that binaries like these were quite common in ancient times. Only a few of them now exist within the orbit of Neptune. The question is how to interpret the survivors,” study coauthor Dr. William Bottke explained in the September 10, 2018 SwRI Press Release. Dr. Bottke is director of SwRI’s Space Studies Department.If that primeval instability had been delayed by many hundreds of millions of years, as proposed in some Solar System formation models, collisions within the ancient small-body disk would have shaken up these relatively delicate and fragile binaries, thus leaving none to be snared in the Jupiter Trojan population. Earlier dynamical instabilities would have permitted more binaries to remain intact, thus increasing the probability that at least one would have been captured in the Trojan population. The team developed some new models that demonstrate that the existence of the Patroclus-Menoetius binary strongly suggests that there had been an earlier instability.This early dynamical instability model has important consequences for the inner rocky terrestrial planets, especially in regard to the ancient excavation of large impact craters on Earth’s Moon, Mercury, and Mars that apparently were formed by the crashing impacts of smaller objects about 4 billion years ago. Our Solar System is approximately 4.56 billion years old. The impactors that excavated these large craters are less likely to have been hurled out from the outer domain of our Solar System. This suggests that they were formed by small-body relics left over from the ancient era of terrestrial planet formation.This new study strengthens the importance of the population of Jupiter Trojan asteroids in shedding new light on the primeval history of our Solar System. Much more will likely be discovered about the Patroclus-Menoetius binary when NASA’s Lucy Mission, headed by SwRI planetary scientist and study coauthor Dr. Hal Levison, surveys the duo in 2033. This will culminate a 12-year mission conducted to tour both Jupiter Trojan asteroid swarms.NASA’s Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI) and the Emerging Worlds programs, as well as the Czech Science Foundation, funded this new study. Lucy is a Discovery class mission that will address important key science questions about our Solar System. It is scheduled to launch in May 2021. </p>]]></content:encoded> <wfw:commentRss>https://ajkfpln.info/strange-things-happened-in-the-outer-solar-system/feed/</wfw:commentRss> <slash:comments>0</slash:comments> </item> </channel></rss> If you would like to create a banner that links to this page (i.e. this validation result), do the following:
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