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  23. <title>NASA Astronauts to Answer Questions from Students in New York</title>
  24. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-astronauts-to-answer-questions-from-students-in-new-york-2/</link>
  26. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerelle Q. Dodson]]></dc:creator>
  27. <pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2025 17:44:25 +0000</pubDate>
  28. <category><![CDATA[NASA Headquarters]]></category>
  29. <category><![CDATA[International Space Station (ISS)]]></category>
  30. <category><![CDATA[Johnson Space Center]]></category>
  31. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=press-release&#038;p=861618</guid>
  32.  
  33. <description><![CDATA[NASA astronauts Nichole Ayers and Anne McClain will answer prerecorded questions about science, technology, engineering, and mathematics from students in Bethpage, New York. The two astronauts are currently aboard the International Space Station. Watch the 20-minute Earth-to-space call at 12:45 p.m. EDT on Friday, May 16, on the NASA STEM YouTube Channel. Media interested in [&#8230;]]]></description>
  34. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/iss073e0000415large.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1280" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/iss073e0000415large.jpg?w=1920" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="NASA astronauts Anne McClain (bottom) and Nichole Ayers (top), both Expedition 73 Flight Engineers, checkout spacesuit hardware in the Quest airlock and review procedures for a May 1 spacewalk." style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/iss073e0000415large.jpg 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/iss073e0000415large.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/iss073e0000415large.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/iss073e0000415large.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/iss073e0000415large.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/iss073e0000415large.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/iss073e0000415large.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/iss073e0000415large.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/iss073e0000415large.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" loading="eager" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA astronauts Anne McClain (bottom) and Nichole Ayers (top), both Expedition 73 Flight Engineers, checkout spacesuit hardware in the Quest airlock and review procedures for a May 1 spacewalk. </div><div class="hds-credits">Credit: NASA Johnson Space Center</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  35.  
  36.  
  37. <p>NASA astronauts Nichole Ayers and Anne McClain will answer prerecorded questions about science, technology, engineering, and mathematics from students in Bethpage, New York. The two astronauts are currently aboard the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/">International Space Station</a>.</p>
  38.  
  39.  
  40.  
  41. <p>Watch the 20-minute Earth-to-space call at 12:45 p.m. EDT on Friday, May 16, on the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@NASASTEM/live" rel="noopener">NASA STEM YouTube Channel</a>.</p>
  42.  
  43.  
  44.  
  45. <p>Media interested in covering the event must RSVP no later than 5 p.m., Tuesday, May 13, by contacting Francesca Russell at: <a href="mailto:frussell@syntaxny.com">frussell@syntaxny.com</a> or 516-644-4330.</p>
  46.  
  47.  
  48.  
  49. <p>The event is hosted by Central Boulevard Elementary School. As part of the call, students will highlight their year-long reading program, “Reading is a Blast-Exploring a Universe of Stories.”</p>
  50.  
  51.  
  52.  
  53. <p>For more than 24 years, astronauts have continuously lived and worked aboard the space station, testing technologies, performing science, and developing skills needed to explore farther from Earth. Astronauts aboard the orbiting laboratory communicate with NASA’s Mission Control Center in Houston 24 hours a day through <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SCaN</a>’s (Space Communications and Navigation) Near Space Network.</p>
  54.  
  55.  
  56.  
  57. <p>Important research and technology investigations taking place aboard the space station benefit people on Earth and lays the groundwork for other agency missions. As part of NASA’s <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/artemis">Artemis</a> campaign, the agency will send astronauts to the Moon to prepare for future human exploration of Mars; inspiring Artemis Generation explorers and ensuring the United States continues to lead in space exploration and discovery.</p>
  58.  
  59.  
  60.  
  61. <p>See videos of astronauts aboard the space station at:</p>
  62.  
  63.  
  64.  
  65. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/stemonstation"><strong>https://www.nasa.gov/stemonstation</strong></a></p>
  66.  
  67.  
  68.  
  69. <p class="has-text-align-center">-end-</p>
  70.  
  71.  
  72.  
  73. <p>Gerelle Dodson<br>Headquarters, Washington<br>202-358-1600<br><a href="mailto:gerelle.q.dodson@nasa.gov">gerelle.q.dodson@nasa.gov</a></p>
  74.  
  75.  
  76.  
  77. <p>Sandra Jones<br>Johnson Space Center, Houston<br>281-483-5111<br><a href="mailto:sandra.p.jones@nasa.gov">sandra.p.jones@nasa.gov</a></p>
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  123. <div class="grid-col-8">May 09, 2025</div>
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  127. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-headquarters/">NASA Headquarters</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/">International Space Station (ISS)</a></li><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/johnson/">Johnson Space Center</a></li></ul></div></div>
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  130. </div>]]></content:encoded>
  134. </item>
  135. <item>
  136. <title>NASA Astronaut Anne McClain Works on Space Station</title>
  137. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nasa-astronaut-anne-mcclain-works-on-space-station/</link>
  139. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Monika Luabeya]]></dc:creator>
  140. <pubDate>Thu, 08 May 2025 20:14:42 +0000</pubDate>
  141. <category><![CDATA[Anne C. McClain]]></category>
  142. <category><![CDATA[International Space Station (ISS)]]></category>
  143. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=image-article&#038;p=861272</guid>
  144.  
  145. <description><![CDATA[In this May 1, 2025, photo taken by fellow NASA astronaut Nichole Ayers, Anne McClain works near one of the International Space Station&#8217;s main solar arrays during a spacewalk. During the May 1 spacewalk – McClain’s third and Ayers’ first – the astronaut pair relocated a space station communications antenna and completed the initial mounting [&#8230;]]]></description>
  146. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-c6ba83df1d-o-1.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="1365" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-c6ba83df1d-o-1.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="An astronaut outside of the International Space Station has one hand on a truss near a solar panel. Her other hand is by her head. Reflected in her helmet is astronaut Nichole Ayers, also in a white spacesuit, taking the photo. Earth&#039;s blue water and white clouds can be seen in the background." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-c6ba83df1d-o-1.jpg 5568w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-c6ba83df1d-o-1.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-c6ba83df1d-o-1.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-c6ba83df1d-o-1.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-c6ba83df1d-o-1.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-c6ba83df1d-o-1.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-c6ba83df1d-o-1.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-c6ba83df1d-o-1.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-c6ba83df1d-o-1.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-c6ba83df1d-o-1.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54492396655-c6ba83df1d-o-1.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA astronaut and Expedition 72 flight engineer Anne McClain is pictured near one of the International Space Station&#8217;s main solar arrays during a spacewalk.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA/Nichole Ayers</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  147.  
  148.  
  149. <p>In this May 1, 2025, photo taken by fellow NASA astronaut Nichole Ayers, <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/people/anne-c-mcclain/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.nasa.gov/people/anne-c-mcclain/">Anne McClain</a> works near one of the International Space Station&#8217;s main solar arrays during a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xP9LyPsqI_g" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xP9LyPsqI_g" rel="noopener">spacewalk</a>. During the May 1 spacewalk – McClain’s third and Ayers’ first – the astronaut pair relocated a space station communications antenna and completed the initial mounting bracket installation steps for an International Space Station Rollout Solar Array, or IROSA, that will arrive on a future SpaceX commercial resupply services mission, in addition to some get ahead tasks.</p>
  150.  
  151.  
  152.  
  153. <p>Learn more about station activities by following the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/blogs/spacestation/">space station blog</a>.</p>
  154.  
  155.  
  156.  
  157. <p><em>Image credit: NASA/Nichole Ayers</em></p>
  158. ]]></content:encoded>
  162. </item>
  163. <item>
  164. <title>NASA’s NICER Maps Debris From Recurring Cosmic Crashes</title>
  165. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/missions/station/iss-research/nicer/nasas-nicer-maps-debris-from-recurring-cosmic-crashes/</link>
  167. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
  168. <pubDate>Tue, 06 May 2025 15:14:58 +0000</pubDate>
  169. <category><![CDATA[Astrophysics]]></category>
  170. <category><![CDATA[Black Holes]]></category>
  171. <category><![CDATA[Galaxies, Stars, & Black Holes]]></category>
  172. <category><![CDATA[Galaxies, Stars, & Black Holes Research]]></category>
  173. <category><![CDATA[Goddard Space Flight Center]]></category>
  174. <category><![CDATA[International Space Station (ISS)]]></category>
  175. <category><![CDATA[ISS Research]]></category>
  176. <category><![CDATA[LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna)]]></category>
  177. <category><![CDATA[Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory]]></category>
  178. <category><![CDATA[NICER (Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer)]]></category>
  179. <category><![CDATA[Science & Research]]></category>
  180. <category><![CDATA[Supermassive Black Holes]]></category>
  181. <category><![CDATA[The Universe]]></category>
  182. <category><![CDATA[X-ray Astronomy]]></category>
  183. <category><![CDATA[XMM-Newton (X-ray Multi-Mirror Newton)]]></category>
  184. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/universe/nasas-nicer-maps-debris-from-recurring-cosmic-crashes/</guid>
  185.  
  186. <description><![CDATA[Lee esta nota de prensa en español aquí. For the first time, astronomers have probed the physical environment of repeating X-ray outbursts near monster black holes thanks to data from NASA’s NICER (Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer) and other missions. Scientists have only recently encountered this class of X-ray flares, called QPEs, or quasi-periodic eruptions. […]]]></description>
  187. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro">
  188. <div class="width-full maxw-full article-header">
  189. <div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full">
  190. <p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">5 min read</p>
  191. <h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">NASA’s NICER Maps Debris From Recurring Cosmic Crashes</h1>
  192. </div>
  193. </div>
  194. </div>
  195. <p><em>Lee esta nota de prensa en español <a href="https://ciencia.nasa.gov/universo/telescopio-nicer-de-la-nasa-crea-mapas-de-escombros-de-colisiones-cosmicas-ciclicas/" rel="noopener">aquí</a>.</em></p>
  196. <p>For the first time, astronomers have probed the physical environment of repeating X-ray outbursts near monster black holes thanks to data from NASA’s NICER (Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer) and other missions.</p>
  197. <p>Scientists have only recently encountered this class of X-ray flares, called QPEs, or quasi-periodic eruptions. A system astronomers have nicknamed Ansky is the eighth QPE source discovered, and it produces the most energetic outbursts seen to date. Ansky also sets records in terms of timing and duration, with eruptions every 4.5 days or so that last approximately 1.5 days.</p>
  198. <p>“These QPEs are mysterious and intensely interesting phenomena,” said Joheen Chakraborty, a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. “One of the most intriguing aspects is their quasi-periodic nature. We’re still developing the methodologies and frameworks we need to understand what causes QPEs, and Ansky’s unusual properties are helping us improve those tools.”</p>
  199. <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube">
  200. <div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
  201. <iframe loading="lazy" title="NASA’s NICER Studies Recurring Cosmic Crashes" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZBzL97Dh4xA?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
  202. </div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Watch how astronomers used data from NASA’s NICER (Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer) to study a mysterious cosmic phenomenon called a quasi-periodic eruption, or QPE.<br /><strong>NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center</strong></figcaption></figure>
  203. <p>Ansky’s name comes from ZTF19acnskyy, the moniker of a visible-light outburst seen in 2019. It was located in a galaxy about 300 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. This event was the first indication that something unusual might be happening.</p>
  204. <p>A <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/adb972" rel="noopener">paper</a> about Ansky, led by Chakraborty, was published Tuesday in The Astrophysical Journal.</p>
  205. <p>A leading theory suggests that QPEs occur in systems where a relatively low-mass object passes through the disk of gas surrounding a <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/black-holes/types/#supermassive" rel="noopener">supermassive black hole</a> that holds hundreds of thousands to billions of times the Sun’s mass.</p>
  206. <p>When the lower-mass object punches through the disk, its passage drives out expanding clouds of hot gas that we observe as QPEs in X-rays.</p>
  207. <p>Scientists think the eruptions’ quasi-periodicity occurs because the smaller object’s orbit is not perfectly circular and spirals toward the black hole over time. Also, the extreme gravity close to the black hole warps the fabric of space-time, altering the object’s orbits so they don’t close on themselves with each cycle. Scientists’ current understanding suggests the eruptions repeat until the disk disappears or the orbiting object disintegrates, which may take up to a few years.</p>
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  209. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
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  211. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/nicer/news/2025/qpe-mapping/LEDA%203091738_close.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=2048&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="2048" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/nicer/news/2025/qpe-mapping/LEDA%203091738_close.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=2048&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A snapshot of an all-sky survey." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  212. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">A system astronomers call Ansky, in the galaxy at the center of this image, is home to a recently discovered series of quasi-periodic eruptions.</div>
  213. <div class="hds-credits">Sloan Digital Sky Survey</div>
  214. </figcaption></div>
  215. </div>
  216. </div>
  217. <p>“Ansky’s extreme properties may be due to the nature of the disk around its supermassive black hole,” said Lorena Hernández-García, an astrophysicist at the Millennium Nucleus on Transversal Research and Technology to Explore Supermassive Black Holes, the Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, and University of Valparaíso in Chile. “In most QPE systems the supermassive black hole likely shreds a passing star, creating a small disk very close to itself. In Ansky’s case, we think the disk is much larger and can involve objects farther away, creating the longer timescales we observe.”</p>
  218. <p>Hernández-García, in addition to being a co-author on Chakraborty’s paper, led the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-025-02523-9" rel="noopener">study</a> that discovered Ansky’s QPEs, which was published in April in Nature Astronomy and used data from <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/nicer/" rel="noopener">NICER</a>, NASA’s <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/swift/" rel="noopener">Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory</a> and <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/chandra-x-ray-observatory/" rel="noopener">Chandra X-ray Observatory</a>, as well as ESA’s (European Space Agency’s) <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/xmm-newton/" rel="noopener">XMM-Newton</a> space telescope.</p>
  219. <p>NICER’s position on the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/" rel="noopener">International Space Station</a> allowed it to observe Ansky about 16 times every day from May to July 2024. The frequency of the observations was critical in detecting the X-ray fluctuations that revealed Ansky produces QPEs.</p>
  220. <p>Chakraborty’s team used data from NICER and XMM-Newton to map the rapid evolution of the ejected material driving the observed QPEs in unprecedented detail by studying variations in X-ray intensity during the rise and fall of each eruption.</p>
  221. <p>The researchers found that each impact resulted in about a Jupiter’s worth of mass reaching expansion velocities around 15% of the speed of light.</p>
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  226. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The NICER (Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer) X-ray telescope is reflected on NASA astronaut and Expedition 72 flight engineer Nick Hague’s spacesuit helmet visor in this high-flying “space-selfie” taken during a spacewalk on Jan. 16, 2025.</div>
  227. <div class="hds-credits">NASA/Nick Hague</div>
  228. </figcaption></div>
  229. </div>
  230. </div>
  231. <p>The NICER telescope’s ability to frequently observe Ansky from the space station and its unique measurement capabilities also made it possible for the team to measure the size and temperature of the roughly spherical bubble of debris as it expanded.</p>
  232. <p>“All NICER’s Ansky observations used in these papers were collected after the instrument experienced a ‘light leak’ in May 2023,” said Zaven Arzoumanian, the mission’s science lead at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “Even though the leak – <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/universe/nicer-status-updates/" rel="noopener">which was patched in January</a> – affected the telescope’s observing strategy, NICER was still able to make vital contributions to time domain astronomy, or the study of changes in the cosmos on timescales we can see.”</p>
  233. <p>After the repair, NICER continued observing Ansky to explore how the outbursts have evolved over time. A paper about these results, led by Hernández-García and co-authored by Chakraborty, is under review.</p>
  234. <p>Observational studies of QPEs like Chakraborty’s will also play a key role in preparing the science community for a new era of <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/sensing-the-universe/" rel="noopener">multimessenger astronomy</a>, which combines measurements using light, elementary particles, and space-time ripples called gravitational waves to better understand objects and events in the universe.</p>
  235. <p>One goal of ESA’s future <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/lisa/" rel="noopener">LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna)</a> mission, in which NASA is a partner, is to study extreme mass-ratio inspirals — or systems where a low-mass object orbits a much more massive one, like Ansky. These systems should emit gravitational waves that are not observable with current facilities. Electromagnetic studies of QPEs will help improve models of those systems ahead of LISA’s anticipated launch in the mid-2030s.</p>
  236. <p>“We’re going to keep observing Ansky for as long as we can,” Chakraborty said. “We’re still in the infancy of understanding QPEs. It’s such an exciting time because there’s so much to learn.”</p>
  237. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module aligncenter wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link">
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  239. <span class="line-height-alt-1">Download images and videos through NASA&#8217;s Scientific Visualization Studio.</span><br />
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  241. </a></p></div>
  242. <p><strong>By </strong><a href="mailto:jeanette.a.kazmierczak@nasa.gov"><strong>Jeanette Kazmierczak</strong></a><br /><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard/" rel="noopener"><strong>NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center</strong></a><strong>, Greenbelt, Md.</strong></p>
  243. <p><strong>Media Contact:</strong><br /><a href="mailto:claire.andreoli@nasa.gov"><strong>Claire Andreoli</strong></a><br /><strong>301-286-1940</strong><br /><a href="mailto:claire.andreoli@nasa.gov"><strong>claire.andreoli@nasa.gov</strong></a><br /><strong>NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.</strong></p>
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  297. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  298. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
  299. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
  300. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
  301. </p></div>
  302. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
  303. <div class="grid-col-4">
  304. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
  305. </p></div>
  306. <div class="grid-col-8">May 08, 2025</div>
  307. </p></div>
  308. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
  309. <div class="grid-col-4">
  310. <div class="subheading">Editor</div>
  311. </div>
  312. <div class="grid-col-8">Jeanette Kazmierczak</div>
  313. </div>
  314. <div class="grid-row">
  315. <div class="grid-col-4">
  316. <div class="subheading">Location</div>
  317. </div>
  318. <div class="grid-col-8">Goddard Space Flight Center</div>
  319. </div></div>
  320. </p></div>
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  322. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black ">
  323. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
  324. <h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2>
  325. </div>
  326. <ul class="article-tags">
  327. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/nicer" rel="noopener">NICER (Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer)</a></li>
  328. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/" rel="noopener">Astrophysics</a></li>
  329. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/black-holes/" rel="noopener">Black Holes</a></li>
  330. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/science-research/astrophysics/galaxies-stars-black-holes/" rel="noopener">Galaxies, Stars, &#038; Black Holes</a></li>
  331. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/science-research/astrophysics/galaxies-stars-black-holes-research/" rel="noopener">Galaxies, Stars, &#038; Black Holes Research</a></li>
  332. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard/" rel="noopener">Goddard Space Flight Center</a></li>
  333. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/" rel="noopener">International Space Station (ISS)</a></li>
  334. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-research-and-technology/" rel="noopener">ISS Research</a></li>
  335. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/lisa" rel="noopener">LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna)</a></li>
  336. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/swift" rel="noopener">Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory</a></li>
  337. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/" rel="noopener">Science &#038; Research</a></li>
  338. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/universe/black-holes/supermassive-black-holes/" rel="noopener">Supermassive Black Holes</a></li>
  339. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/" rel="noopener">The Universe</a></li>
  340. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/category/science-research/astrophysics/electromagnetic-spectrum/x-ray-astronomy/" rel="noopener">X-ray Astronomy</a></li>
  341. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/xmm-newton" rel="noopener">XMM-Newton (X-ray Multi-Mirror Newton)</a></li>
  342. </ul>
  343. </div>
  344. </div></div>
  345. </section></div>
  346. ]]></content:encoded>
  350. </item>
  351. <item>
  352. <title>Spot the Station Frequently Asked Questions</title>
  353. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/missions/station/spot-the-station-frequently-asked-questions/</link>
  355. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Claire A. O'Shea]]></dc:creator>
  356. <pubDate>Tue, 06 May 2025 14:24:40 +0000</pubDate>
  357. <category><![CDATA[International Space Station (ISS)]]></category>
  358. <category><![CDATA[Spot the International Space Station]]></category>
  359. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=758488</guid>
  360.  
  361. <description><![CDATA[1. Why is the International Space Station up there? The International Space Station is a convergence of science, technology, and human innovation that enables research not possible on Earth for the benefit of humanity. For more than 25 years, NASA has supported a continuous U.S. human presence aboard the station, through which astronauts have learned [&#8230;]]]></description>
  362. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sts-collage-preserve-details-oother-smart-sharp.jpg"><img decoding="async" width="2048" height="1051" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sts-collage-preserve-details-oother-smart-sharp.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 49% 47%; object-position: 49% 47%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sts-collage-preserve-details-oother-smart-sharp.jpg 2880w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sts-collage-preserve-details-oother-smart-sharp.jpg?resize=300,154 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sts-collage-preserve-details-oother-smart-sharp.jpg?resize=768,394 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sts-collage-preserve-details-oother-smart-sharp.jpg?resize=1024,526 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sts-collage-preserve-details-oother-smart-sharp.jpg?resize=1536,788 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sts-collage-preserve-details-oother-smart-sharp.jpg?resize=2048,1051 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sts-collage-preserve-details-oother-smart-sharp.jpg?resize=400,205 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sts-collage-preserve-details-oother-smart-sharp.jpg?resize=600,308 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sts-collage-preserve-details-oother-smart-sharp.jpg?resize=900,462 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sts-collage-preserve-details-oother-smart-sharp.jpg?resize=1200,616 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sts-collage-preserve-details-oother-smart-sharp.jpg?resize=2000,1026 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">An augmented reality interface makes it easier for users to locate the International Space Station and provides options for capturing and sharing pictures and videos of their sightings in real-time (Credit: NASA).</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  363.  
  364.  
  365. <h3 class="wp-block-heading">1. Why is the International Space Station up there?</h3>
  366.  
  367.  
  368.  
  369. <p>The International Space Station is a convergence of science, technology, and human innovation that enables research not possible on Earth for the benefit of humanity. For more than 25 years, NASA has supported a continuous U.S. human presence aboard the station, through which astronauts have learned to live and work in space for extended periods of time.&nbsp;</p>
  370.  
  371.  
  372.  
  373. <p>The space station – which involves the United States, Russia, Canada, Japan, and the ESA (European Space Agency) participating countries – is one of the most complex, interdependent international collaborations ever attempted. It brings together international flight crews and multiple space transportation providers, as well as globally distributed support teams, facilities, communications networks, and the worldwide scientific community.&nbsp;</p>
  374.  
  375.  
  376.  
  377. <p>Over the past 25 years, the space station has transformed into an orbiting laboratory with research capabilities that enable scientists from over 109 nations to conduct over 4,400 groundbreaking experiments in an extreme and unique spaceflight environment.&nbsp;</p>
  378.  
  379.  
  380.  
  381. <p>The space station serves as a springboard for developing a low Earth economy and NASA’s next great leaps in exploration, including missions to the Moon under Artemis and, ultimately, human exploration of Mars.&nbsp;</p>
  382.  
  383.  
  384.  
  385. <p>Learn more about the International Space Station, its research, and its crew, at:&nbsp;</p>
  386.  
  387.  
  388.  
  389. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/station">https://www.nasa.gov/station</a></p>
  390.  
  391.  
  392.  
  393. <h3 class="wp-block-heading">2. How fast is the International Space Station traveling?</h3>
  394.  
  395.  
  396.  
  397. <p>The International Space Station orbits the Earth once every 90 minutes. It travels at about 17,500 mph (28,000 kilometers per hour), which allows the crew onboard to see 16 sunrises and sunsets every day. Crews have occupied the space station continuously since November 2000. In that time, 280 people from 23 countries have visited the orbital outpost, and the station has circumnavigated the Earth hundreds of thousands of times.&nbsp;</p>
  398.  
  399.  
  400.  
  401. <h3 class="wp-block-heading">3. How often can I expect to see the International Space Station?</h3>
  402.  
  403.  
  404.  
  405. <p>The International Space Station is visible because it reflects sunlight – the same reason we can see the Moon. However, unlike the Moon, the space station is not bright enough to see during the day. Viewing opportunities can range from one a month to several a week as the light from the Sun reflects off station as it passes overhead at dawn and dusk at the user’s preferred location.&nbsp;</p>
  406.  
  407.  
  408.  
  409. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>4. What is the Spot the Station mobile app?</strong></strong></h3>
  410.  
  411.  
  412.  
  413. <p>The Spot the Station mobile app is an official NASA app that helps users track and receive notifications for International Space Station viewings as it passes over their respective location. It also provides real-time tracking, flyover schedules, and alerts.</p>
  414.  
  415.  
  416.  
  417. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>5. How do I download the Spot the Station mobile app?</strong></strong></h3>
  418.  
  419.  
  420.  
  421. <p>The Spot the Station mobile app is available on <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/spot-the-station/id6449235044" data-type="link" data-id="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/spot-the-station/id6449235044" rel="noopener">iOS</a> and <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=gov.nasa.hq.SpotTheStation" rel="noopener">Android</a> mobile and tablet devices.</p>
  422.  
  423.  
  424.  
  425. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong><strong>6. How does the Spot the Station mobile app notify me of upcoming International Space Station viewing opportunities?</strong></strong></strong></h3>
  426.  
  427.  
  428.  
  429. <p>The Spot the Station mobile app sends push notifications to alert users of upcoming International Space Station passes, including the date, time, duration, and visibility conditions specific to a user’s preferred location. Users should ensure app notification permissions are enabled on their device’s settings.</p>
  430.  
  431.  
  432.  
  433. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong><strong>7. Can I customize notifications in the Spot the Station mobile app?</strong></strong></strong></h3>
  434.  
  435.  
  436.  
  437. <p>The Spot the Station mobile app has the capability for personalized alert settings in order to receive push notifications specific to a user’s preferred location and timing of alerts.</p>
  438.  
  439.  
  440.  
  441. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong><strong>8. What should I do if I am not receiving notifications?</strong></strong></strong></h3>
  442.  
  443.  
  444.  
  445. <p>Users should check the notification preferences on the Spot the Station mobile app to confirm the device is set up for alerts on a preferred location and timing. If users are still not receiving alerts, they should ensure notifications are enabled on their device’s settings.</p>
  446.  
  447.  
  448.  
  449. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>9. Does the Spot the Station app work internationally?</strong></h3>
  450.  
  451.  
  452.  
  453. <p>The Spot the Station mobile app is available worldwide and in multiple languages. The app provides viewing information for most inhabited locations.</p>
  454.  
  455.  
  456.  
  457. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong><strong><strong>10. Why are there not viewing opportunities for my location?</strong></strong></strong></strong></h3>
  458.  
  459.  
  460.  
  461. <p>The Spot the Station mobile app will only send push notifications for visible viewing opportunities in a user’s preferred location, but not every time the International Space Station is overhead. The best viewing experience for station is typically during twilight or nighttime.</p>
  462.  
  463.  
  464.  
  465. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong><strong>11. Do I need a telescope to see the International Space Station?</strong></strong></strong></h3>
  466.  
  467.  
  468.  
  469. <p>No, users can view the International Space Station with their bare eyes, no additional equipment is required.</p>
  470.  
  471.  
  472.  
  473. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong><strong>12. Does the International Space Station appear and then disappear because of the light of the Moon?</strong></strong></strong></h3>
  474.  
  475.  
  476.  
  477. <p>The International Space Station is visible because it is reflecting sunlight. This is the same reason that the Moon appears to shine. Even when the Moon hasn&#8217;t risen, users can see the station.</p>
  478.  
  479.  
  480.  
  481. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong><strong>13. What time zone is used for alert notifications?</strong></strong></strong></h3>
  482.  
  483.  
  484.  
  485. <p>All content within the Spot the Station mobile app is listed in the local time zone for the user’s selected location. The app automatically adjusts for daylight savings time.</p>
  486.  
  487.  
  488.  
  489. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>14. What information does the Spot the Station app provide for each sighting?</strong></h3>
  490.  
  491.  
  492.  
  493. <p>For each sighting, the Spot the Station mobile app displays the time, visibility duration, maximum height above horizon, and directions where the International Space Station will appear and disappear, helping users locate it accurately in the sky.</p>
  494.  
  495.  
  496.  
  497. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>15. The flyover schedule indicates the International Space Station is both appearing and disappearing from the same direction, how is that possible?</strong></strong></h3>
  498.  
  499.  
  500.  
  501. <p>The Spot the Station mobile app software rounds off directions to the nearest cardinal and intracardial directions. This can result in it seeming as though the International Space Station will be appearing and disappearing in the same direction even though it is traveling across the sky. This typically happens on flyovers with a short window of visibility because the station is quickly moving into (or out of) the Earth&#8217;s dark shadow where, from the user’s location on the ground, a full pass across the sky cannot be observed.</p>
  502.  
  503.  
  504.  
  505. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>16. Can I view a live map of the International Space Station’s location?</strong></strong></h3>
  506.  
  507.  
  508.  
  509. <p>Yes, the Spot the Station mobile app includes a real-time map showing the current position of the International Space Station as it orbits Earth, giving users a visual reference to track its progress.</p>
  510.  
  511.  
  512.  
  513. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>17. What is the augmented reality feature in the Spot the Station mobile app?</strong></strong></h3>
  514.  
  515.  
  516.  
  517. <p>The augmented reality feature in the Spot the Station mobile app allows users to view a virtual overlay of the International Space Station’s path in the sky. This feature helps users locate the station more accurately by aligning their device with the real-time position of the station.</p>
  518.  
  519.  
  520.  
  521. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>18. How do I access the augmented reality feature in the Spot the Station app?</strong></strong></h3>
  522.  
  523.  
  524.  
  525. <p>To access the augmented reality feature, open the Spot the Station mobile app and navigate to the “AR View” option in the bottom menu. Follow on-screen prompts to align the device’s camera with the sky, where the app will display a virtual overlay indicating the International Space Station’s position and trajectory.</p>
  526.  
  527.  
  528.  
  529. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>19. Do I need a specific device or software to use the augmented reality feature?</strong></strong></h3>
  530.  
  531.  
  532.  
  533. <p>The Spot the Station mobile app augmented reality feature requires a device that can determine its orientation in 3D space. It requires specific hardware support, such as a gyroscope or motion co-processor. Older or budget devices may not support this functionality.</p>
  534.  
  535.  
  536.  
  537. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>20. How does the augmented reality feature work?</strong></strong></h3>
  538.  
  539.  
  540.  
  541. <p>Using the device&#8217;s camera and sensors, the Spot the Station mobile app augmented reality feature superimposes the location of the International Space Station in the sky onto the screen, adjusting in real time as the user moves the device. The app guides users to point the device’s camera in the correct direction and shows where the station will appear and disappear.</p>
  542.  
  543.  
  544.  
  545. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>21. Can I use the augmented reality feature during both day and night?</strong></strong></h3>
  546.  
  547.  
  548.  
  549. <p>Yes, the augmented reality feature within the Spot the Station mobile app is available during both day and night; however, the best viewing experience is typically during twilight or nighttime when the International Space Station is visible to the naked eye. The augmented reality overlay will work regardless of the light conditions, but actual viewing opportunities depend on visibility.</p>
  550.  
  551.  
  552.  
  553. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>22. Is the augmented reality overlay accurate for all locations?</strong></strong></h3>
  554.  
  555.  
  556.  
  557. <p>Yes, the augmented reality feature within the Spot the Station mobile app is designed to provide accurate position information based on the device’s GPS location. However, accuracy may vary slightly depending on the device’s compass and sensor calibration. If users notice discrepancies, recalibrate the device’s compass through settings.</p>
  558.  
  559.  
  560.  
  561. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>23. Can the augmented reality feature help with exact sighting times?</strong></strong></h3>
  562.  
  563.  
  564.  
  565. <p>The augmented reality feature within the Spot the Station mobile app visually guides users to locate the International Space Station at the precise time it appears in the sky. Coupled with the app’s alerts, it enhances the ability to see the station by providing a live, visual direction and height indicator to precisely track it.</p>
  566.  
  567.  
  568.  
  569. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>24. Are there tips for optimizing my augmented reality experience?</strong></strong></h3>
  570.  
  571.  
  572.  
  573. <p>For the best augmented reality experience in the Spot the Station mobile app, use the feature in an open area with a clear view of the sky. Avoid obstructions like tall buildings or trees, as these can block visibility. Calibrate the device’s compass and ensure location services and camera permissions are enabled for smooth functioning.</p>
  574.  
  575.  
  576.  
  577. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>25. Is the augmented reality feature available on both iOS and Android devices?</strong></strong></h3>
  578.  
  579.  
  580.  
  581. <p>Yes, the Spot the Station mobile app augmented reality feature is available on both iOS and Android mobile and tablet devices, as long as the device meets the AR platform requirements (ARKit for iOS, ARCore for Android).</p>
  582.  
  583.  
  584.  
  585. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>26. Does the Spot the Station mobile app work offline?</strong></strong></h3>
  586.  
  587.  
  588.  
  589. <p>Some basic functionality, like accessing previously downloaded viewing opportunity schedules or receiving scheduled notifications, may work offline. However, features requiring real-time data, such as tracking, require cellular service or an internet connection.</p>
  590.  
  591.  
  592.  
  593. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>27. Are there any special requirements for using the Spot the Station mobile app?</strong></strong></h3>
  594.  
  595.  
  596.  
  597. <p>The Spot the Station mobile app requires active cellular service or an internet connection for real-time tracking and alerts. Additionally, for location-specific information, ensure the device’s location services are enabled for the app.</p>
  598.  
  599.  
  600.  
  601. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>28. Is the Spot the Station mobile app free to use?</strong></strong></h3>
  602.  
  603.  
  604.  
  605. <p>Yes, the Spot the Station mobile app is free to download and use, with no in-app purchases or subscriptions.</p>
  606.  
  607.  
  608.  
  609. <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><strong>29. Who can I contact for Spot the Station mobile app support?</strong></strong></h3>
  610.  
  611.  
  612.  
  613. <p>For support with the Spot the Station mobile app, reach out through the app’s feedback option or email the team at: <a href="mailto:hq-spotthestation@mail.nasa.gov">hq-spotthestation@mail.nasa.gov</a>.</p>
  614.  
  615.  
  616.  
  617. <p></p>
  618.  
  619.  
  620. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-center nasa-button-link padding-y-1 padding-x-0 hds-module wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-link">
  621. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/spot-the-station/" target="_blank" class="button-primary button-primary-md link-external-true" aria-label="Visit Homepage">
  622. <span class="line-height-alt-1">Visit Homepage</span>
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  630. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  631. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
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  647. </a>
  648. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/living-in-space/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  649. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  650. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
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  652. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  653. <span>Living in Space</span>
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  655. </p>
  656. </div>
  657. </div>
  658. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1024" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/53906743054-80f4972233-o.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/53906743054-80f4972233-o.jpg 8256w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/53906743054-80f4972233-o.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/53906743054-80f4972233-o.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/53906743054-80f4972233-o.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/53906743054-80f4972233-o.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/53906743054-80f4972233-o.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/53906743054-80f4972233-o.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/53906743054-80f4972233-o.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/53906743054-80f4972233-o.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/53906743054-80f4972233-o.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/53906743054-80f4972233-o.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  659. </a>
  660. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-research-and-technology/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
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  662. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  663. <div>
  664. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  665. <span>Space Station Research and Technology</span>
  666. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  667. </p>
  668. </div>
  669. </div>
  670. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1536" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?w=1024" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg 1041w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=682,1024 682w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> </div>
  671. </a>
  672. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/destinations/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  673. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  674. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  675. <div>
  676. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  677. <span>Destinations</span>
  678. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  679. </p>
  680. </div>
  681. </div>
  682. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="960" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/moon-mars.jpeg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/moon-mars.jpeg 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/moon-mars.jpeg?resize=300,188 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/moon-mars.jpeg?resize=768,480 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/moon-mars.jpeg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/moon-mars.jpeg?resize=1536,960 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/moon-mars.jpeg?resize=400,250 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/moon-mars.jpeg?resize=600,375 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/moon-mars.jpeg?resize=900,563 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/moon-mars.jpeg?resize=1200,750 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  683. </a>
  684. </div>
  685. </div>
  686. </div>]]></content:encoded>
  690. </item>
  691. <item>
  692. <title>Quantum Sensing via Matter-Wave Interferometry Aboard the International Space Station</title>
  693. <link>https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/quantum-sensing-via-matter-wave-interferometry-aboard-the-international-space-station/</link>
  695. <dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
  696. <pubDate>Tue, 06 May 2025 13:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
  697. <category><![CDATA[Biological & Physical Sciences]]></category>
  698. <category><![CDATA[Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL)]]></category>
  699. <category><![CDATA[GRACE-FO (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-on)]]></category>
  700. <category><![CDATA[Science-enabling Technology]]></category>
  701. <category><![CDATA[Technology Highlights]]></category>
  702. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/quantum-sensing-via-matter-wave-interferometry-aboard-the-international-space-station/</guid>
  703.  
  704. <description><![CDATA[Future space missions could use quantum technologies to help us understand the physical laws that govern the universe, explore the composition of other planets and their moons, gain insights into unexplained cosmological phenomena, or monitor ice sheet thickness and the amount of water in underground aquafers on Earth. NASA’s Cold Atom Lab (CAL), a first-of-its-kind […]]]></description>
  705. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro">
  706. <div class="width-full maxw-full article-header">
  707. <div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full">
  708. <p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">6 min read</p>
  709. <h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Quantum Sensing via Matter-Wave Interferometry Aboard the International Space Station</h1>
  710. </div>
  711. </div>
  712. </div>
  713. <p>Future space missions could use quantum technologies to help us understand the physical laws that govern the universe, explore the composition of other planets and their moons, gain insights into unexplained cosmological phenomena, or monitor ice sheet thickness and the amount of water in underground aquafers on Earth.</p>
  714. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  715. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  716. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  717. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-1.jpg?w=8272&#038;h=6200&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="8272" height="6200" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-1.jpg?w=8272&#038;h=6200&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Upgraded hardware being prepared at Jet Propulsion Lab for launch and install into the Cold Atom Lab on the International Space Station" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-1.jpg?w=8272&#038;h=6200&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 8272w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-1.jpg?w=300&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-1.jpg?w=768&#038;h=576&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-1.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=768&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-1.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1151&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-1.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=1535&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-1.jpg?w=400&#038;h=300&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-1.jpg?w=600&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-1.jpg?w=900&#038;h=675&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-1.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=899&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-1.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=1499&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 8272px) 100vw, 8272px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  718. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Upgraded hardware being prepared at Jet Propulsion Lab for launch and install into the Cold Atom Lab on the International Space Station. The Science Module in the background enables CAL researchers to conduct atom interferometry research in Earth’s orbit.</div>
  719. <div class="hds-credits">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  720. </figcaption></div>
  721. </div>
  722. </div>
  723. <p>NASA’s <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/cold-atom-laboratory-cal" rel="noopener">Cold Atom Lab</a> (CAL), a first-of-its-kind facility aboard the International Space Station, has performed a series of trailblazing experiments based on the quantum properties of ultracold atoms. The tool used to perform these experiments is called an atom interferometer, and it can precisely measure gravity, magnetic fields, and other forces.</p>
  724. <p>Atom interferometers are currently being used on Earth to study the fundamental nature of gravity and are also being developed to aid aircraft and ship navigation, but use of an atom interferometer in space will enable innovative science capabilities.</p>
  725. <p>Physicists have been eager to apply atom interferometry in space, both to enable new measurements for space science and to capitalize on the extended free-fall conditions found in space. This could enable researchers to achieve unprecedented performance from these quantum sensors.</p>
  726. <p>These interferometers, however, require exquisitely sensitive equipment, and they were previously considered too fragile to function for extended periods without hands-on attention. The Cold Atom Lab, which is operated remotely from Earth, has now demonstrated that it is possible to conduct atom interferometry in space. The CAL Science Team has published two papers so far documenting these experimental milestones.</p>
  727. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  728. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  729. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  730. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-3.jpg?w=1879&#038;h=1553&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1879" height="1553" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-3.jpg?w=1879&#038;h=1553&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A CAD model with a cut-through of a vacuum system within a metal enclosure in the foreground. A platform on top of the metal enclosure shows mirrors and optical components to direct a red laser into the vacuum system which is reflected by a mirror at the bottom of the vacuum cell. A blow-up in the forefront illustrates the red laser directed through a window at the top of the vacuum system. The ISS is shown orbiting Earth in the background." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-3.jpg?w=1879&#038;h=1553&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1879w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-3.jpg?w=300&#038;h=248&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-3.jpg?w=768&#038;h=635&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-3.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=846&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-3.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=1270&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-3.jpg?w=400&#038;h=331&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-3.jpg?w=600&#038;h=496&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-3.jpg?w=900&#038;h=744&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-3.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=992&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1879px) 100vw, 1879px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  731. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Depiction of the atom interferometer (AI) setup onboard the ISS in CAL (on the right), showing the interior components of the instrument, and the path of a retro-reflected laser beam (red) inside the vacuum system. The expanded image on the left shows the beam entering the vacuum chamber through a window and between pairs of traces on the atom chip, which are used to confine and cool the atoms to ultracold temperatures.</div>
  732. <div class="hds-credits">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  733. </figcaption></div>
  734. </div>
  735. </div>
  736. <p>The results of the first study, published in the November 2023 issue of Nature, described the demonstration of simultaneous atom interferometry with both rubidium and potassium quantum gases for the first time in space. The dual-species atom interferometer not only exhibited robust and repeatable operation of atom interferometry in Earth orbit, but it also served as a pathfinder for future experiments that aim to use quantum gases to test the universality of free fall, a key tenet of Einstein’s theory of general relativity.</p>
  737. <p>In the second study, the results of which were featured in the August 2024 issue of Nature Communications, members of the science team used the CAL atom interferometer to measure subtle vibrations of the space station and to remotely measure the frequency of the atom interferometer laser— the first time ultra-cold atoms have been used to detect changes in the surrounding environment in space. This paper also reported on the demonstration of the wave-like nature of matter persisting for the longest ever freefall time (over a tenth of a second) in space.</p>
  738. <p>“Reaching these milestones was incredibly challenging, and our success was not always a given,” said Jason Williams, the Cold Atom Lab project scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. “It took dedication and a sense of adventure by the team to make this happen.”</p>
  739. <p>Space-based sensors that can measure gravity with high precision have a wide range of potential applications. They could reveal the composition of planets and moons in our solar system, because different materials have different densities that create subtle variations in gravity.</p>
  740. <p>The U.S.-German <a href="https://gracefo.jpl.nasa.gov/" rel="noopener">GRACE-FO</a> (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-on) mission is currently collecting gravity measurements using classical sensors that detect slight changes in gravity to track the movement of water and ice on Earth. A future mission using atom interferometry could provide better precision and stability, revealing even more detail about surface mass changes.</p>
  741. <p>Precise measurements of gravity could also offer insights into the nature of dark matter and dark energy, two major cosmological mysteries. Dark matter is an invisible substance that makes up about 27% of the universe, while the “regular” matter that composes planets, stars, and everything else we can see makes up only 5%. Dark energy makes up the remaining 68% of the universe and is the driver of the universe’s accelerating expansion.</p>
  742. <p>“Atom interferometry could also be used to test Einstein’s theory of general relativity in new ways,” said University of Virginia professor Cass Sackett, a Cold Atom Lab principal investigator. “This is the basic theory explaining the large-scale structure of our universe, and we know that there are aspects of the theory that we don’t understand correctly. This technology may help us fill in those gaps and give us a more complete picture of the reality we inhabit.”</p>
  743. <p>About the size of a minifridge, the Cold Atom Lab <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/space-station-experiment-reaches-ultracold-milestone" rel="noopener">launched to the space station</a> in 2018 with the goal of advancing quantum science by placing a long-term facility in the microgravity environment of low Earth orbit. The <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bny5vWFi_6g" rel="noopener">lab cools atoms</a> to almost absolute zero, or minus 459 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 273 degrees Celsius). At this temperature, some atoms can form a Bose-Einstein condensate, a state of matter in which all atoms essentially share the same quantum identity. As a result, some of the atoms’ typically microscopic quantum properties become macroscopic, making them easier to study.</p>
  744. <p>Quantum properties can sometimes cause atoms to act like solid objects and sometimes like waves. Scientists don’t yet entirely understand how the building blocks of matter can transition between such different physical behaviors, but they’re using quantum technology like what’s available on the Cold Atom Lab to seek answers.</p>
  745. <p>In microgravity, Bose-Einstein condensates can reach colder temperatures and can exist for longer, giving scientists more opportunities to study them. The atom interferometer is among several tools in the CAL facility enabling precision measurements by harnessing the quantum nature of atoms.</p>
  746. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image">
  747. <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline">
  748. <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto">
  749. <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-2.jpg?w=2361&#038;h=887&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="2361" height="887" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-2.jpg?w=2361&#038;h=887&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Two data plots; the left shows two nearly overlapped sinusoidal curves fitting data in red and blue. The right plot shows data as scattered green dots and two elliptical curves fit the data." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-2.jpg?w=2361&#038;h=887&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2361w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-2.jpg?w=300&#038;h=113&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-2.jpg?w=768&#038;h=289&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-2.jpg?w=1024&#038;h=385&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-2.jpg?w=1536&#038;h=577&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-2.jpg?w=2048&#038;h=769&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-2.jpg?w=400&#038;h=150&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-2.jpg?w=600&#038;h=225&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-2.jpg?w=900&#038;h=338&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-2.jpg?w=1200&#038;h=451&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/science-enabling-technology/technology-highlights/2025/bps-cal-2.jpg?w=2000&#038;h=751&#038;fit=crop&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2361px) 100vw, 2361px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2">
  750. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Dual-species atom interferometry in space. (Left) Normalized population for ultracold gases of potassium (blue) and rubidium (red) in one of two output states following a simultaneous dual-species atom interferometry sequence. (Right) Correlations observed in the relative population of potassium and rubidium output states.</div>
  751. <div class="hds-credits">Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</div>
  752. </figcaption></div>
  753. </div>
  754. </div>
  755. <p>Due to its wave-like behavior, a single atom can simultaneously travel two physically separate paths. If gravity or other forces are acting on those waves, scientists can measure that influence by observing how the waves recombine and interact.</p>
  756. <p>“I expect that space-based atom interferometry will lead to exciting new discoveries, fantastic quantum technologies impacting everyday life, and will transport us into a quantum future,” said Nick Bigelow, a professor at University of Rochester in New York and Cold Atom Lab principal investigator for a consortium of U.S. and German scientists who co-authored the studies cited above.</p>
  757. <p>Designed and built at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Cold Atom Lab is sponsored by the Biological and Physical Sciences (BPS) Division of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate at the Agency’s headquarters in Washington DC and the International Space Station Program at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. The work carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was executed under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.</p>
  758. <p>Learn more about Cold Atom Lab at <a href="https://coldatomlab.jpl.nasa.gov/" rel="noopener"><strong>https://coldatomlab.jpl.nasa.gov</strong>/</a></p>
  759. <p>Just how cold are the atoms in Cold Atom Lab? Find out at <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7311" rel="noopener"><strong>https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7311</strong></a><strong></strong></p>
  760. <p>To learn more about the Cold Atom Lab’s recent upgrades visit <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/upgrading-the-space-stations-cold-atom-lab-with-mixed-reality" rel="noopener"><strong>https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/upgrading-the-space-stations-cold-atom-lab-with-mixed-reality</strong></a> and <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7660" rel="noopener"><strong>https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7660</strong></a></p>
  761. <p><strong>Project Lead: </strong>Kamal Oudrhiri, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology</p>
  762. <p><strong>Sponsoring Organization: </strong> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/biological-physical/" rel="noopener">Biological and Physical Sciences Division</a> (BPS)</p>
  763. <div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 article_a hds-module hds-module-full alignfull wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details">
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  797. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black">
  798. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
  799. <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2>
  800. </p></div>
  801. <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3">
  802. <div class="grid-col-4">
  803. <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div>
  804. </p></div>
  805. <div class="grid-col-8">May 06, 2025</div>
  806. </p></div>
  807. </p></div>
  808. </p></div>
  809. <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  810. <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black ">
  811. <div class="margin-bottom-2">
  812. <h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2>
  813. </div>
  814. <ul class="article-tags">
  815. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/technology-highlights/" rel="noopener">Technology Highlights</a></li>
  816. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/biological-physical/" rel="noopener">Biological &#038; Physical Sciences</a></li>
  817. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/cold-atom-laboratory" rel="noopener">Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL)</a></li>
  818. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/grace-fo" rel="noopener">GRACE-FO (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-on)</a></li>
  819. <li class="article-tag"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/technology" rel="noopener">Science-enabling Technology</a></li>
  820. </ul>
  821. </div>
  822. </div></div>
  823. </section></div>
  824. ]]></content:encoded>
  828. </item>
  829. <item>
  830. <title>Back to Earth</title>
  831. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/back-to-earth/</link>
  833. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Monika Luabeya]]></dc:creator>
  834. <pubDate>Fri, 02 May 2025 18:30:30 +0000</pubDate>
  835. <category><![CDATA[International Space Station (ISS)]]></category>
  836. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=image-article&#038;p=858667</guid>
  837.  
  838. <description><![CDATA[The Soyuz MS-26 spacecraft is pictured backing away from the International Space Station shortly after undocking on April 19, 2025. Three hours later, the spacecraft landed in Kazakhstan, returning astronaut Don Pettit and cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin and Ivan Vagner to Earth. While aboard the International Space Station, Pettit conducted hundreds of hours of scientific investigations, [&#8230;]]]></description>
  839. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54470656907-2362dd2f92-o.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1365" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54470656907-2362dd2f92-o.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="The Soyuz spacecraft looks like a cylinder with two lines stretching outward from it. It is oriented toward Earth, which is covered with white clouds." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54470656907-2362dd2f92-o.jpg 8256w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54470656907-2362dd2f92-o.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54470656907-2362dd2f92-o.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54470656907-2362dd2f92-o.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54470656907-2362dd2f92-o.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54470656907-2362dd2f92-o.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54470656907-2362dd2f92-o.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54470656907-2362dd2f92-o.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54470656907-2362dd2f92-o.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54470656907-2362dd2f92-o.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/54470656907-2362dd2f92-o.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">NASA/Jonny Kim</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  840.  
  841.  
  842. <p>The Soyuz MS-26 spacecraft is pictured backing away from the International Space Station shortly after <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXzy9GahNHE" rel="noopener">undocking</a> on April 19, 2025. Three hours later, the spacecraft landed in Kazakhstan, returning astronaut Don Pettit and cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin and Ivan Vagner to Earth.</p>
  843.  
  844.  
  845.  
  846. <p>While aboard the International Space Station, Pettit conducted <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/station/iss-research/science-meets-art-nasa-astronaut-don-pettit-turns-the-camera-on-science/">hundreds of hours of scientific investigations</a>, including research to enhance on-orbit metal 3D printing capabilities, advance water sanitization technologies, explore plant growth under varying water conditions, and investigate fire behavior in microgravity, all contributing to future space missions.</p>
  847.  
  848.  
  849.  
  850. <p><em>Image credit: NASA/Jonny Kim</em></p>
  851. ]]></content:encoded>
  855. </item>
  856. <item>
  857. <title>NASA Harvests Lettuce for Space Station Study</title>
  858. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nasa-harvests-lettuce-for-space-station-study/</link>
  860. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Stephanie Plucinsky]]></dc:creator>
  861. <pubDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 13:11:32 +0000</pubDate>
  862. <category><![CDATA[Advanced Plant Habitat (APH)]]></category>
  863. <category><![CDATA[International Space Station (ISS)]]></category>
  864. <category><![CDATA[Kennedy Space Center]]></category>
  865. <category><![CDATA[Plant Biology]]></category>
  866. <category><![CDATA[Research and Technology at Kennedy Space Center]]></category>
  867. <category><![CDATA[Science & Research]]></category>
  868. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=image-article&#038;p=858173</guid>
  869.  
  870. <description><![CDATA[Inside a laboratory in the Space Systems Processing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, a payload implementation team member harvests ‘Outredgeous’ romaine lettuce growing in the Advanced Plant Habitat ground unit on Thursday, April 24, 2025. The harvest is part of the ground control work supporting Plant Habitat-07, which launched to the International [&#8230;]]]></description>
  871. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1280&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1280" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Image shows man holding &#039;Outredgeous&#039; romaine lettuce in a container" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=200&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=512&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=683&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=1024&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=267&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=600&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052/KSC-20250424-PH-KLS01_0052~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=800&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure></div></div></div>
  872.  
  873.  
  874. <p>Inside a laboratory in the Space Systems Processing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, a payload implementation team member harvests ‘Outredgeous’ romaine lettuce growing in the Advanced Plant Habitat ground unit on Thursday, April 24, 2025. The harvest is part of the ground control work supporting Plant Habitat-07, which launched to the International Space Station aboard NASA’s SpaceX 31st commercial resupply services mission.</p>
  875.  
  876.  
  877.  
  878. <p>The experiment focuses on studying how optimal and suboptimal moisture conditions affect plant growth, nutrient content, and the plant microbiome in microgravity. Research like this continues NASA’s efforts to grow food that is not only safe but also nutritious for astronauts living and working in the harsh environment of space.</p>
  879.  
  880.  
  881.  
  882. <p>The ‘Outredgeous’ romaine lettuce variety was first grown aboard the space station in 2014, and Plant Habitat-07 builds on that legacy, using the station’s Advanced Plant Habitat to expand understanding of how plants adapt to spaceflight conditions. Findings from this work will support future long-duration missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond, and could also lead to agricultural advances here on Earth.</p>
  883.  
  884.  
  885.  
  886. <p><em>Image credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett</em></p>
  887. ]]></content:encoded>
  891. </item>
  892. <item>
  893. <title>NASA, International Astronauts to Connect with Students in Texas</title>
  894. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-international-astronauts-to-connect-with-students-in-texas/</link>
  896. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Gerelle Q. Dodson]]></dc:creator>
  897. <pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2025 19:49:06 +0000</pubDate>
  898. <category><![CDATA[Humans in Space]]></category>
  899. <category><![CDATA[In-flight Education Downlinks]]></category>
  900. <category><![CDATA[International Space Station (ISS)]]></category>
  901. <category><![CDATA[Johnson Space Center]]></category>
  902. <category><![CDATA[Learning Resources]]></category>
  903. <category><![CDATA[NASA Headquarters]]></category>
  904. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=press-release&#038;p=857889</guid>
  905.  
  906. <description><![CDATA[NASA astronaut Nichole Ayers and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Takuya Onishi will answer prerecorded questions about science, technology, engineering, and mathematics from students in Mansfield, Texas, while aboard the International Space Station. The 20-minute space-to-Earth call will take place at 10:40 a.m. EDT on Monday, May 5, and can be watched on the [&#8230;]]]></description>
  907. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/54426493713-d8dcdbdd91-k.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1365" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/54426493713-d8dcdbdd91-k.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Expedition 72 Flight Engineers Takuya Onishi from JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) and NASA astronauts Anne McClain, Nichole Ayers, and Don Pettit pose while inside the vestibule between the International Space Station&#039;s Unity module and the Cygnus space freighter." style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/54426493713-d8dcdbdd91-k.jpg 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/54426493713-d8dcdbdd91-k.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/54426493713-d8dcdbdd91-k.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/54426493713-d8dcdbdd91-k.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/54426493713-d8dcdbdd91-k.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/54426493713-d8dcdbdd91-k.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/54426493713-d8dcdbdd91-k.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/54426493713-d8dcdbdd91-k.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/54426493713-d8dcdbdd91-k.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/54426493713-d8dcdbdd91-k.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Expedition 72 Flight Engineers Takuya Onishi from JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) and NASA astronauts Anne McClain, Nichole Ayers, and Don Pettit pose while inside the vestibule between the International Space Station&#8217;s Unity module and the Cygnus space freighter.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  908.  
  909.  
  910. <p>NASA astronaut Nichole Ayers and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Takuya Onishi will answer prerecorded questions about science, technology, engineering, and mathematics from students in Mansfield, Texas, while aboard the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/">International Space Station</a>.</p>
  911.  
  912.  
  913.  
  914. <p>The 20-minute space-to-Earth call will take place at 10:40 a.m. EDT on Monday, May 5, and can be watched on the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@NASASTEM/live" rel="noopener">NASA STEM YouTube Channel</a>.</p>
  915.  
  916.  
  917.  
  918. <p>Media interested in covering the event must RSVP no later than 5 p.m., Friday, May 2 by contacting Laura Jobe at <a href="mailto:laurajobe@misdmail.org">laurajobe@misdmail.org</a> or 817-299-6300.</p>
  919.  
  920.  
  921.  
  922. <p>The event, hosted by Mansfield Independent School District, also will have students present from Brenda Norwood Elementary, Alma Martinez Intermediate, Charlene McKinzey Middle, Jerry Knight and Frontier STEM Academies in Mansfield. This opportunity will allow the students to relate what they have learned about space travel to personal experiences.</p>
  923.  
  924.  
  925.  
  926. <p>For more than 24 years, astronauts have continuously lived and worked aboard the space station, testing technologies, performing science, and developing skills needed to explore farther from Earth. Astronauts aboard the orbiting laboratory communicate with NASA’s Mission Control Center in Houston 24 hours a day through <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SCaN</a>’s (Space Communications and Navigation) Near Space Network.</p>
  927.  
  928.  
  929.  
  930. <p>Important research and technology investigations taking place aboard the space station benefit people on Earth and lays the groundwork for other agency missions. As part of NASA’s <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/artemis">Artemis</a> campaign, the agency will send astronauts to the Moon to prepare for future human exploration of Mars; inspiring Artemis Generation explorers and ensuring the United States continues to lead in space exploration and discovery.</p>
  931.  
  932.  
  933.  
  934. <p>See videos of astronauts aboard the space station at:</p>
  935.  
  936.  
  937.  
  938. <p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/stemonstation"><strong>https://www.nasa.gov/stemonstation</strong></a></p>
  939.  
  940.  
  941.  
  942. <p class="has-text-align-center">-end-</p>
  943.  
  944.  
  945.  
  946. <p>Gerelle Dodson<br>Headquarters, Washington<br>202-358-1600<br><a href="mailto:Abbey.a.donaldson@nasa.gov">gerelle.q.dodson@nasa.gov</a></p>
  947.  
  948.  
  949.  
  950. <p>Sandra Jones<br>Johnson Space Center, Houston<br>281-483-5111<br>sandra.p.jones@nasa.gov</p>
  951.  
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  1007. </item>
  1008. <item>
  1009. <title>NASA Kicks Off Biological Research Aboard Space Station</title>
  1010. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nasa-kicks-off-biological-research-aboard-space-station/</link>
  1012. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Christian M. Getteau]]></dc:creator>
  1013. <pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2025 14:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
  1014. <category><![CDATA[International Space Station (ISS)]]></category>
  1015. <category><![CDATA[ISS Research]]></category>
  1016. <category><![CDATA[Microbiology]]></category>
  1017. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?post_type=image-article&#038;p=856266</guid>
  1018.  
  1019. <description><![CDATA[Crew members are kicking off operations for several biological experiments that recently launched to the International Space Station aboard NASA’s 32nd SpaceX commercial resupply services mission. These include examining how microgravity affects production of protein by microalgae, testing a microscope to capture microbial activity, and studying genetic activity in biofilms. Microalgae in microgravity This ice [&#8230;]]]></description>
  1020. <content:encoded><![CDATA[
  1021. <p>Crew members are kicking off operations for several biological experiments that recently launched to the International Space Station aboard NASA’s 32nd SpaceX commercial resupply services mission. These include examining how microgravity affects production of protein by microalgae, testing a microscope to capture microbial activity, and studying genetic activity in biofilms.</p>
  1022.  
  1023.  
  1024.  
  1025. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Microalgae in microgravity</strong></h2>
  1026.  
  1027.  
  1028. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/chlorrela-ice-cream.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1615" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/chlorrela-ice-cream.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="This image looks down on a white bowl filled with a creamy, slightly off-white substance and a metal ice cream scoop holding a ball of it. Next to the bowl is a smaller jar containing a coarse white powder." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 57% 39%; object-position: 57% 39%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/chlorrela-ice-cream.jpg 3834w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/chlorrela-ice-cream.jpg?resize=300,237 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/chlorrela-ice-cream.jpg?resize=768,606 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/chlorrela-ice-cream.jpg?resize=1024,808 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/chlorrela-ice-cream.jpg?resize=1536,1211 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/chlorrela-ice-cream.jpg?resize=2048,1615 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/chlorrela-ice-cream.jpg?resize=400,315 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/chlorrela-ice-cream.jpg?resize=600,473 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/chlorrela-ice-cream.jpg?resize=900,710 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/chlorrela-ice-cream.jpg?resize=1200,946 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/chlorrela-ice-cream.jpg?resize=2000,1577 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">Sophie’s BioNutrients</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1029.  
  1030.  
  1031. <p>This ice cream is one of several products made with a protein powder created from Chlorella microalgae by researchers for the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/station/research-explorer/investigation/?#id=9294">SOPHONSTER</a> investigation, which looks at whether the stress of microgravity affects the algae’s protein yield. Microalgae are nutrient dense and produce proteins with essential amino acids, beneficial fatty acids, B vitamins, iron, and fiber. These organisms also can be used to make fuel, cooking oil, medications, and materials. Learning more about microalgae growth and protein production in space could support development of sustainable alternatives to meat and dairy. Such alternatives could provide a food source on future space voyages and for people on Earth and be used to make biofuels and bioactive compounds in medicines.</p>
  1032.  
  1033.  
  1034.  
  1035. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Microscopic motion</strong></h2>
  1036.  
  1037.  
  1038. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/elvis-microalgae.gif"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="480" height="464" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/elvis-microalgae.gif?w=480" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Multiple oval-shaped microorganisms move randomly about in this black and white image, sometimes creating ripples, bumping into each other, and moving into and out of the image." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">Portland State University</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1039.  
  1040.  
  1041. <p>These swimming microalgae are visible thanks to the Extant Life Volumetric Imaging System or <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/station/research-explorer/investigation/?#id=8936">ELVIS</a>, a fluorescent 3D imaging microscope that researchers are testing aboard the International Space Station. The investigation studies both active behaviors and genetic changes of microscopic algae and marine bacteria in response to spaceflight. ELVIS is designed to autonomously capture microscopic motion in 3D, a capability not currently available on the station. The technology could be useful for a variety of research in space and on Earth, such as monitoring water quality and detecting potentially infectious organisms.</p>
  1042.  
  1043.  
  1044.  
  1045. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Genetics of biofilms</strong></h2>
  1046.  
  1047.  
  1048. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/qc-fpa-2-credit-bioserve.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1764" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/qc-fpa-2-credit-bioserve.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A rack with eight clear tubes lies flat on a white sheet of plastic. Hands in black gloves hold on to the upper right and lower left of the rack. In the background are two pink containers, a clear plastic sleeve with a small silver item in it, and several blue plastic caps." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 47% 91%; object-position: 47% 91%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/qc-fpa-2-credit-bioserve.jpg 2632w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/qc-fpa-2-credit-bioserve.jpg?resize=300,258 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/qc-fpa-2-credit-bioserve.jpg?resize=768,661 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/qc-fpa-2-credit-bioserve.jpg?resize=1024,882 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/qc-fpa-2-credit-bioserve.jpg?resize=1536,1323 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/qc-fpa-2-credit-bioserve.jpg?resize=2048,1764 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/qc-fpa-2-credit-bioserve.jpg?resize=400,345 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/qc-fpa-2-credit-bioserve.jpg?resize=600,517 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/qc-fpa-2-credit-bioserve.jpg?resize=900,775 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/qc-fpa-2-credit-bioserve.jpg?resize=1200,1034 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/qc-fpa-2-credit-bioserve.jpg?resize=2000,1723 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-credits">BioServe</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1049.  
  1050.  
  1051. <p>This preflight image shows sample chambers for the Genetic Exchange in Microgravity for Biofilm Bioremediation (<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/station/research-explorer/investigation/?#id=9084">GEM-B2</a>) investigation, which examines the mechanisms of gene transfer within biofilms under microgravity conditions. Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that collect and bind to a surface. They can clog and foul water systems, often leave a residue that can cause infections, and may become resistant to antibiotics. Researchers could use results from this work to develop genetic manipulations that inhibit biofilm formation, helping to maintain crew health and safety aboard the International Space Station and on future missions.</p>
  1052.  
  1053.  
  1054.  
  1055. <p>Learn more about microgravity research and technology development aboard the space station on this <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-research-and-technology/">webpage</a>.</p>
  1056.  
  1057.  
  1058. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  1059. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  1060. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1061. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
  1062. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2>
  1063. </div>
  1064. </div>
  1065. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
  1066. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-research-and-technology/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
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  1068. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1069. <div>
  1070. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1071. <span>Space Station Research and Technology</span>
  1072. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1073. </p>
  1074. </div>
  1075. </div>
  1076. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1536" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?w=1024" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg 1041w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=682,1024 682w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> </div>
  1077. </a>
  1078. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-research-and-technology/latest-news-from-space-station-research/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1079. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1080. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1081. <div>
  1082. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1083. <span>Latest News from Space Station Research</span>
  1084. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1085. </p>
  1086. </div>
  1087. </div>
  1088. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1536" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?w=1024" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=683,1024 683w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/edu_iss066e135704_orig.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> </div>
  1089. </a>
  1090. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-research-and-technology/space-station-research-results/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1091. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1092. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1093. <div>
  1094. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1095. <span>Space Station Research Results</span>
  1096. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1097. </p>
  1098. </div>
  1099. </div>
  1100. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1024" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg 6720w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  1101. </a>
  1102. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-science-cargo-launch-on-32nd-spacex-resupply-station-mission/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1103. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1104. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1105. <div>
  1106. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1107. <span>NASA Science, Cargo Launch on 32nd SpaceX Resupply Station Mission</span>
  1108. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1109. </p>
  1110. </div>
  1111. </div>
  1112. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1427" height="889" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/spacex-32nd-resupply-launch.png?w=1427" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/spacex-32nd-resupply-launch.png 1427w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/spacex-32nd-resupply-launch.png?resize=300,187 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/spacex-32nd-resupply-launch.png?resize=768,478 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/spacex-32nd-resupply-launch.png?resize=1024,638 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/spacex-32nd-resupply-launch.png?resize=400,249 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/spacex-32nd-resupply-launch.png?resize=600,374 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/spacex-32nd-resupply-launch.png?resize=900,561 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/spacex-32nd-resupply-launch.png?resize=1200,748 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1427px) 100vw, 1427px" /></figure> </div>
  1113. </a>
  1114. </div>
  1115. </div>
  1116. </div>]]></content:encoded>
  1120. </item>
  1121. <item>
  1122. <title>Navigation Technology</title>
  1123. <link>https://www.nasa.gov/missions/station/iss-research/navigation-technology/</link>
  1125. <dc:creator><![CDATA[Christian M. Getteau]]></dc:creator>
  1126. <pubDate>Fri, 25 Apr 2025 14:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
  1127. <category><![CDATA[ISS Research]]></category>
  1128. <category><![CDATA[General]]></category>
  1129. <category><![CDATA[Humans in Space]]></category>
  1130. <category><![CDATA[International Space Station (ISS)]]></category>
  1131. <guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.nasa.gov/?p=848088</guid>
  1132.  
  1133. <description><![CDATA[Science in Space April 2025 Humans have always been explorers, venturing by land and sea into unknown and uncharted places on Earth and, more recently, in space. Early adventurers often navigated by the Sun and stars, creating maps that made it easier for others to follow. Today, travelers on Earth have sophisticated technology to guide [&#8230;]]]></description>
  1134. <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="" class="hds-article-hero-header nasa-gb-align-full bg-carbon-90 width-full maxw-full color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-hero-header"> <div class="hds-cover-wrapper width-full maxw-full minh-tablet grid-container minh-tablet flex-column padding-0">
  1135. <div class="hds-foreground-wrapper display-flex flex-direction-column">
  1136. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block margin-top-auto width-full maxw-desktop-lg padding-y-9 padding-x-3 desktop:padding-x-3 z-400">
  1137. <div class="z-400 grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-7 z-400">
  1138. <div class="margin-0">
  1139. <div class="label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-2">4 Min Read</div>
  1140. <h1 class="heading-41 line-height-md color-spacesuit-white-important">
  1141. Navigation Technology </h1>
  1142. </div>
  1143. </div>
  1144. <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5"></div>
  1145. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200"></div>
  1146. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1440" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss066e087003/iss066e087003~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1440&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="Maurer stands in the middle of this circular fisheye image, facing the camera, wearing a green t-shirt and black pants. In his right hand, he holds a cube-shaped Astrobee, which has black sides and a white panel facing the camera with two bright blue lights that look sort of like eyes. Maurer is pointing at the Astrobee with his left hand." style="transform: scale(1.1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss066e087003/iss066e087003~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1440&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss066e087003/iss066e087003~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=225&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss066e087003/iss066e087003~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=576&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss066e087003/iss066e087003~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=768&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss066e087003/iss066e087003~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=1152&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss066e087003/iss066e087003~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=300&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss066e087003/iss066e087003~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss066e087003/iss066e087003~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=675&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss066e087003/iss066e087003~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=900&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></figure> </div>
  1147. </div>
  1148. </div>
  1149. <div class="padding-y-3 padding-x-3">
  1150. <div class="grid-container grid-container-block padding-x-0">
  1151. <figcaption class="hds-caption maxw-mobile desktop:padding-x-3">
  1152. <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0 color-carbon-30">
  1153. <div><figcaption>ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer sets up an Astrobee for the ReSWARM experiment.</figcaption></div>
  1154. </div>
  1155. <div class="hds-credits color-spacesuit-white-important">
  1156. <span>Credits: </span>
  1157. <span>NASA</span>
  1158. </div>
  1159. </figcaption>
  1160. </div>
  1161. </div>
  1162. </div>
  1163.  
  1164.  
  1165. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Science in Space April 2025</strong></h2>
  1166.  
  1167.  
  1168.  
  1169. <p>Humans have always been explorers, venturing by land and sea into unknown and uncharted places on Earth and, more recently, in space. Early adventurers often navigated by the Sun and stars, creating maps that made it easier for others to follow. Today, travelers on Earth have sophisticated technology to guide them.</p>
  1170.  
  1171.  
  1172.  
  1173. <p>Navigation in space, including for missions to explore the Moon and Mars, remains more of a challenge. Research on the International Space Station is helping NASA scientists improve navigation tools and processes for crewed spacecraft and remotely controlled or autonomous robots to help people boldly venture farther into space, successfully explore there, and safely return home.</p>
  1174.  
  1175.  
  1176. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e882080/iss072e882080~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1280&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1280" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e882080/iss072e882080~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Ayers is wearing a long-sleeved blue shirt and a black headband, facing the camera with her hair floating around her head. In her right hand she holds a small black microphone, which is connected by a thick grey cord to a gold and black box slightly larger than a laptop on the wall of the space station." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e882080/iss072e882080~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e882080/iss072e882080~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=200&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e882080/iss072e882080~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=512&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e882080/iss072e882080~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=683&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e882080/iss072e882080~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=1024&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e882080/iss072e882080~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=267&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e882080/iss072e882080~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e882080/iss072e882080~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=600&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e882080/iss072e882080~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=800&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA astronaut Nichole Ayers talks to students on the ground using ham radio equipment.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1177.  
  1178.  
  1179. <p>A current investigation, <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/station/research-explorer/investigation/?#id=8777">NAVCOM</a>, uses the space station’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/station/research-explorer/facility/?#id=337">ISS Ham Radio</a> program hardware to test software for a system that could shape future lunar navigation. The technology processes signals in the same way as global navigation satellite systems such as GPS, but while those rely on constellations of satellites, the NAVCOM radio equipment receives position and time information from ground stations and reference clocks.</p>
  1180.  
  1181.  
  1182.  
  1183. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The old made new</strong></h2>
  1184.  
  1185.  
  1186. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss056e049856/iss056e049856~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1280&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1280" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss056e049856/iss056e049856~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Gerst is wearing a black t-shirt and a silver watch on his left wrist. With his right hand, he is holding up to his right eye a black sextant, which has a rectangular eyepiece connected to a curved base with an arm at each end that forms a triangle. He is using is left hand to adjust a knob on the base. Three of the station’s cupola windows are visible behind him." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 63%; object-position: 50% 63%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss056e049856/iss056e049856~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1280&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss056e049856/iss056e049856~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=200&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss056e049856/iss056e049856~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=512&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss056e049856/iss056e049856~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=683&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss056e049856/iss056e049856~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=1024&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss056e049856/iss056e049856~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=267&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss056e049856/iss056e049856~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss056e049856/iss056e049856~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=600&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss056e049856/iss056e049856~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=800&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">ESA astronaut Alexander Gerst operates the Sextant Navigation device.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1187.  
  1188.  
  1189. <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/station/research-explorer/investigation/?#id=7646">Sextant Navigation</a> tested star-sighting from space using a hand-held sextant. These mechanical devices measure the angle between two objects, typically the Sun or other stars at night and the horizon. Sextants guided navigators on Earth for centuries and NASA’s Gemini and Apollo missions demonstrated that they were useful in space as well, meaning they could provide emergency backup navigation for lunar missions. Researchers <a href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20190001296/downloads/20190001296.pdf" rel="noopener">report</a> that with minimal training and practice, crew members of different skill levels produced quality sightings through a station window and measurements improved with more use. The investigation identified several techniques for improving sightings, including refocusing between readings and adjusting the sight to the center of the window.</p>
  1190.  
  1191.  
  1192.  
  1193. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Navigating by neutron stars</strong></h2>
  1194.  
  1195.  
  1196.  
  1197. <p>The station’s <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/station/research-explorer/investigation/?#id=1705">NICER</a> instrument studies the nature and behavior of neutron stars, the densest objects in the universe. Some neutron stars, known as pulsars, emit beams of light that appear to pulse, sweeping across the sky as the stars rotate. Some of them pulse at rates as accurate as atomic clocks. As part of the NICER investigation, the Station Explorer for X-ray Timing and Navigation Technology or SEXTANT tested technology for using pulsars in GPS-like systems to navigate anywhere in the solar system. SEXTANT successfully completed a first in-space <a href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20190031975/downloads/20190031975.pdf" rel="noopener">demonstration</a> of this technology in 2017. In 2018, researchers <a href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20180001252/downloads/20180001252.pdf" rel="noopener">reported</a> that real-time, autonomous X-ray pulsar navigation is clearly feasible and they plan further experiments to fine tune and modify the technology.</p>
  1198.  
  1199.  
  1200.  
  1201. <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Robot navigation</strong></h2>
  1202.  
  1203.  
  1204.  
  1205. <p>Crews on future space exploration missions need efficient and safe ways to handle cargo and to move and assemble structures on the surface of the Moon or Mars. Robots are promising tools for these functions but must be able to navigate their surroundings, whether autonomously or via remote control, often in proximity with other robots and within the confines of a spacecraft. Several investigations have focused on improving navigation by robotic helpers.</p>
  1206.  
  1207.  
  1208. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss020e018324/iss020e018324~large.jpg?w=1920&#038;h=1311&#038;fit=clip&#038;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1311" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss020e018324/iss020e018324~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1311&amp;fit=clip&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Barratt, wearing a blue t-shirt and khaki pants, is floating horizontally holding on to a blue bar with his right hand and looking up at one of three spherical robots floating in front of him. The spheres are, from left to right, blue, orange, and red. Wakata, wearing a grey t-shirt and green pants, is holding onto a blue bar with both hands and looking to his left." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 54% 80%; object-position: 54% 80%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss020e018324/iss020e018324~large.jpg?w=1920&amp;h=1311&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss020e018324/iss020e018324~large.jpg?w=300&amp;h=205&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss020e018324/iss020e018324~large.jpg?w=768&amp;h=524&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss020e018324/iss020e018324~large.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=699&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss020e018324/iss020e018324~large.jpg?w=1536&amp;h=1049&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss020e018324/iss020e018324~large.jpg?w=400&amp;h=273&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss020e018324/iss020e018324~large.jpg?w=600&amp;h=410&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss020e018324/iss020e018324~large.jpg?w=900&amp;h=615&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss020e018324/iss020e018324~large.jpg?w=1200&amp;h=819&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA astronaut Michael Barratt (left) and JAXA astronaut Koichi Wakata perform a check of the SPHERES robots.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1209.  
  1210.  
  1211. <p>The <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/station/research-explorer/investigation/?#id=303">SPHERES</a> investigation tested autonomous rendezvous and docking maneuvers with three spherical free-flying robots on the station. Researchers <a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0094576516300431" rel="noopener">reported</a> development of an approach to control how the robots navigate around obstacles and along a designated path, which could support their use in the future for satellite servicing, vehicle assembly, and spacecraft formation flying.</p>
  1212.  
  1213.  
  1214. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1365" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="McArthur, wearing a pink t-shirt and khaki pants, is smiling at the camera. In front of her float three cube-shaped robots that have, from left to right, blue, green, and yellow panels." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 52% 57%; object-position: 52% 57%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg 5568w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">NASA astronaut Megan McArthur with the three Astrobee robots.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1215.  
  1216.  
  1217. <p>The station later gained three cube-shaped robots known as <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/station/research-explorer/facility/?#id=1891">Astrobees</a>. The <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/station/research-explorer/investigation/?#id=8425">ReSWARM</a> experiments used them to test coordination of multiple robots with each other, cargo, and their environment. Results <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rob.22308" rel="noopener">provide</a> a base set of planning and control tools for robotic navigation in close proximity and outline important considerations for the design of future autonomous free-flyers.</p>
  1218.  
  1219.  
  1220.  
  1221. <p>Researchers also used the Astrobees to <a href="https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/epdf/10.2514/6.2024-1069" rel="noopener">show</a> that models to predict the robots’ behavior could make it possible to maneuver one or two of them for carrying cargo. This finding suggests that robots can navigate around each other to perform tasks without a human present, which would increase their usefulness on future missions.</p>
  1222.  
  1223.  
  1224. <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/surface-avatar.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2048" height="1366" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/surface-avatar.jpg?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Cristoforetti, wearing a grey sweatshirt and a headset, is visible on the left side of this image. She is looking at a laptop and typing on it with her left hand and, with her right, holding a white control stick attached to a large, circular white device on the wall." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/surface-avatar.jpg 4000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/surface-avatar.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/surface-avatar.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/surface-avatar.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/surface-avatar.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/surface-avatar.jpg?resize=2048,1366 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/surface-avatar.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/surface-avatar.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/surface-avatar.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/surface-avatar.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/surface-avatar.jpg?resize=2000,1334 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">ESA astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti working on the Surface Avatar experiment.</div><div class="hds-credits">ESA</div></figcaption></div></div></div>
  1225.  
  1226.  
  1227. <p>An investigation from ESA (European Space Agency), <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/station/research-explorer/investigation/?#id=8678">Surface Avatar</a> evaluated orbit-to-ground remote control of multiple robots. Crew members <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10841792" rel="noopener">successfully</a> navigated a four-legged robot, Bert, through a simulated Mars environment. Robots with legs rather than wheels could explore uneven lunar and planetary surfaces that are inaccessible to wheeled rovers. The German Aerospace Center is developing Bert.</p>
  1228.  
  1229.  
  1230. <div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0">
  1231. <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3">
  1232. <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1233. <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div>
  1234. <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More </h2>
  1235. </div>
  1236. </div>
  1237. <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper">
  1238. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-research-and-technology/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1239. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1240. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1241. <div>
  1242. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1243. <span>Space Station Research and Technology</span>
  1244. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1245. </p>
  1246. </div>
  1247. </div>
  1248. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1536" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?w=1024" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg 1041w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=200,300 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=768,1152 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=682,1024 682w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=1024,1536 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=267,400 267w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=400,600 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=600,900 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/iss064e015250.jpg?resize=800,1200 800w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> </div>
  1249. </a>
  1250. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1251. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1252. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1253. <div>
  1254. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1255. <span>Humans In Space</span>
  1256. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1257. </p>
  1258. </div>
  1259. </div>
  1260. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1024" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg 5568w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/51476067951-e10dfb6875-o.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  1261. </a>
  1262. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-research-and-technology/space-station-science-101/space-station-science-101-technology/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1263. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1264. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1265. <div>
  1266. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1267. <span>Station Science 101: Technology Demonstrations</span>
  1268. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1269. </p>
  1270. </div>
  1271. </div>
  1272. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1024" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg 5568w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/iss065e389383.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  1273. </a>
  1274. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-research-and-technology/space-station-research-results/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0">
  1275. <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black">
  1276. <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200">
  1277. <div>
  1278. <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1">
  1279. <span>Space Station Research Results</span>
  1280. <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg>
  1281. </p>
  1282. </div>
  1283. </div>
  1284. <figure class="hds-media-background  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1536" height="1024" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg 6720w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Radishes-in-the-APH-2.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div>
  1285. </a>
  1286. </div>
  1287. </div>
  1288. </div>]]></content:encoded>
  1292. </item>
  1293. </channel>
  1294. </rss>
  1295.  

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