It looks like this is a web page, not a feed. I looked for a feed associated with this page, but couldn't find one. Please enter the address of your feed to validate.

Source: https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452

  1. <!doctype html>
  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#">
  3.  
  4.  <head>
  5.    <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.    <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
  7.    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  8.    <title>Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions #188633575257 (2025-01-31)</title>
  9.    <link rel="canonical" href="https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452">
  10.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;700&display=swap">
  11.    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/css/style.css">
  12.    <script src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/js/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
  13.    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
  14.    <!-- Open Graph Metadata -->
  15.    <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  16.    <meta property="og:title" content="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions" />
  17.    <meta property="og:description" content="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions #188633575257 (2025-01-31)" />
  18.    <meta property="og:url" content="https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" />
  19.    <meta property="og:site_name" content="mit-edu.top" />
  20.    <meta property="og:image" content="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" />
  21.    <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2025-01-31T08:07:06Z" />
  22.    <meta property="og:article:author" content="Dr. Evelyn Griffin" />
  23.    <meta property="og:article:section" content="mit-edu.top" />
  24.    <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Games, Mobile Games, Video Games" />
  25.    <!-- Schema.org -->
  26.    <script type="application/ld+json">{
  27.            "@context": "https://schema.org",
  28.            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
  29.            "headline": "Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions #188633575257 (2025-01-31)",
  30.            "author": {
  31.                "@type": "Person",
  32.                "name": "Dr. Evelyn Griffin",
  33.                "affiliation": {
  34.                    "@type": "Organization",
  35.                    "name": "mit-edu.top"
  36.                },
  37.                "url": "https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452"
  38.            },
  39.            "datePublished": "2025-01-31T08:07:06Z",
  40.            "image": "https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg",
  41.            "journal": {
  42.                "@type": "Periodical",
  43.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  44.                "issn": "10.1069/188633575257"
  45.            },
  46.            "publisher": {
  47.                "@type": "Organization",
  48.                "name": "mit-edu.top",
  49.                "url": "https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top"
  50.            },
  51.            "doi": "188633575257",
  52.            "abstract": "Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions #188633575257 (2025-01-31)",
  53.            "citation": {
  54.                "@type": "CreativeWork",
  55.                "name": "Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions",
  56.                "author": "Dr. Evelyn Griffin",
  57.                "datePublished": "2025-01-31T08:07:06Z",
  58.                "url": "https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452"
  59.            }
  60.        }
  61.    </script>
  62. </head>
  63.  
  64. <body>
  65.    <div class="site-mobile-menu site-navbar-target">
  66.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-header">
  67.            <div class="site-mobile-menu-close">
  68.                <span class="icofont-close js-menu-toggle"></span>
  69.            </div>
  70.        </div>
  71.        <div class="site-mobile-menu-body"></div>
  72.    </div>
  73.    <nav class="site-nav">
  74.        <div class="container">
  75.            <div class="site-navigation">
  76.                <div class="row">
  77.                    <div class="col-md-6 text-center order-1 order-md-2 mb-3 mb-md-0">
  78.                        <a href="https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top" class="logo m-0 text-uppercase">mit-edu.top</a>
  79.                    </div>
  80.                    <div class="col-md-3 order-3 order-md-1">
  81.                    </div>
  82.                </div>
  83.            </div>
  84.        </div>
  85.    </nav>
  86.    <div class="section post-section pt-5">
  87.        <div class="container">
  88.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  89.                <div class="col-lg-8">
  90.                    <div class="text-center">
  91.                        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions" title="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions" class="author-pic img-fluid rounded-circle mx-auto">
  92.                    </div>
  93.                    <span class="d-block text-center">Evelyn Griffin</span>
  94.                    <span class="date d-block text-center small text-uppercase text-black-50 mb-5">2025-01-31</span>
  95.                    <h2 class="heading text-center">Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions</h2>
  96.                    <p class="lead mb-4 text-center">Thanks to Evelyn Griffin for contributing the article "Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions".
  97.                    </p>
  98.                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions" title="Game-Centric Blockchain Architectures for Low-Latency Interactions" class="img-fluid rounded mb-4 lazyload">
  99.                    <p>The gaming industry's commercial landscape is fiercely competitive, with companies employing diverse monetization strategies such as microtransactions, downloadable content (DLC), and subscription models to sustain and grow their player bases. Balancing player engagement with revenue generation is a delicate dance that requires thoughtful design and consideration of player feedback.</p>
  100. <p>This study investigates the potential of blockchain technology to decentralize mobile gaming, offering new opportunities for player empowerment and developer autonomy. By leveraging smart contracts, decentralized finance (DeFi), and non-fungible tokens (NFTs), blockchain could allow players to truly own in-game assets, trade them across platforms, and participate in decentralized governance of games. The paper examines the technological challenges, economic opportunities, and legal implications of blockchain integration in mobile gaming ecosystems. It also considers the ethical concerns regarding virtual asset ownership and the potential for blockchain to disrupt existing monetization models.</p>
  101. <p>Game developers are the visionary architects behind the mesmerizing worlds and captivating narratives that define modern gaming experiences. Their tireless innovation and creativity have propelled the industry forward, delivering groundbreaking titles that blur the line between reality and fantasy, leaving players awestruck and eager for the next technological marvel.</p>
  102. <p>This research delves into the phenomenon of digital addiction within the context of mobile gaming, focusing on the psychological mechanisms that contribute to excessive play. The study draws on addiction psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral science to explore how mobile games utilize reward systems, variable reinforcement schedules, and immersive experiences to keep players engaged. The paper examines the societal impacts of mobile gaming addiction, including its effects on productivity, relationships, and mental health. Additionally, it offers policy recommendations for mitigating the negative effects of mobile game addiction, such as implementing healthier game design practices and promoting responsible gaming habits.</p>
  103. <p>This study explores the technical and social challenges associated with cross-platform play in mobile gaming, focusing on how interoperability between different devices and platforms (e.g., iOS, Android, PC, and consoles) can enhance or hinder the player experience. The paper investigates the technical requirements for seamless cross-platform play, including data synchronization, server infrastructure, and device compatibility. From a social perspective, the study examines how cross-platform play influences player communities, social relationships, and competitive dynamics. It also addresses the potential barriers to cross-platform integration, such as platform-specific limitations, security concerns, and business model conflicts.</p>
  104.  
  105.                    <p>
  106.                    <a href="/redirect/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Link</a>
  107.                    </p>
  108.                    <p><a href="https://www.linegames.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  109. <a href="https://www.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  110. <a href="https://www.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  111. <a href="https://www.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  112. <a href="https://www.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  113. <a href="https://026459796636-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  114. <a href="https://230066313379-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  115. <a href="https://788905317053-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  116. <a href="https://032605239335-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  117. <a href="https://977314292183-gov.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  118. <a href="https://624420723984-gov.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  119. <a href="https://517441949670-gov.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  120. <a href="https://109418770123-gov.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  121. <a href="https://295584035789-gov-edu.iliiili.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  122. <a href="https://874741861803-gov-edu.digwow.net/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  123. <a href="https://771793112671-gov-edu.free-giftcodes.com/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  124. <a href="https://074652640025-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  125. <a href="https://201491769848-edu.iliiili.com/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  126. <a href="https://150427525090-edu.digwow.net/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  127. <a href="https://255367887027-edu.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  128. <a href="https://193088903946-edu.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  129. <a href="https://799298323859-gov.iliiili.com/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  130. <a href="https://548340060468-gov.digwow.net/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  131. <a href="https://358652222251-gov.free-giftcodes.com/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  132. <a href="https://084479434269-gov.gifthub.com.ru/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  133. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?275222158924&amp;url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  134. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?256471670017&amp;url=https://naver256471670017-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  135. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?050577404037&amp;url=https://naver050577404037-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  136. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?342244669216&amp;url=https://naver342244669216-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  137. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?474585281339&amp;url=https://naver474585281339-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  138. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?180693327552&amp;url=https://naver180693327552-gov.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  139. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?018940688046&amp;url=https://naver018940688046-gov.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  140. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?664808817886&amp;url=https://naver664808817886-gov.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  141. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?119974175079&amp;url=https://naver119974175079-gov.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  142. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?048852429900&amp;url=https://naver048852429900-gov-edu.digwow.net" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  143. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?892570182089&amp;url=https://naver892570182089-gov-edu.iliiili.com" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  144. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?497004009994&amp;url=https://naver497004009994-gov-edu.1717173.xyz" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  145. <a href="https://link.naver.com/bridge?247238227574&amp;url=https://naver247238227574-gov-edu.gifthub.com.ru" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  146. <a href="https://blog-583791740450.gifthub.news/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  147. <a href="https://blog-951851375099.jp-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  148. <a href="https://blog-821578037307.kr-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  149. <a href="https://blog-481527622718.krlinkedin.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  150. <a href="https://blog-845455347495.mit-edu.sbs/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  151. <a href="https://blog-308039777920.mit-edu.buzz/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  152. <a href="https://blog-682963758393.mit-edu.tech/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  153. <a href="https://blog-838688118911.mit-edu.site/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  154. <a href="https://blog-898591650856.mit-edu.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  155. <a href="https://blog-222052445204.usa-gov.top/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  156. <a href="https://research-015816096955.mit-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  157. <a href="https://research-011096729025.harvard-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  158. <a href="https://research-279899201892.stanford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  159. <a href="https://research-502197698808.cambridge-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  160. <a href="https://research-480383810700.berkeley-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  161. <a href="https://research-731911161370.oxford-edu.pp.ua/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  162. <a href="https://research-040920879908-edu.wwv.pp.ua/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  163. <a href="https://research-289360443634-edu.sean.pp.ua/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  164. <a href="https://research-741988993096-edu.line.pp.ua/?url=https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/3067981452" target="_blank" class="custom-link">External link</a>
  165. </p>
  166.                    <div class="row mt-5 pt-5 border-top">
  167.                    </div>
  168.                </div>
  169.            </div>
  170.        </div>
  171.    </div>
  172.    <div class="section pb-0">
  173.        <div class="container">
  174.            <div class="row">
  175.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  176.                    <h2 class="heading">Related</h2>
  177.                </div>
  178.            </div>
  179.            <div class="row justify-content-center">
  180.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  181.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  182.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  183.                            <a href="https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/4081957362">
  184.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/17.jpg" alt="AI-Powered Narratives in Fully Player-Driven Story Worlds" title="AI-Powered Narratives in Fully Player-Driven Story Worlds" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  185.                            </a>
  186.                        </div>
  187.                        <div class="content">
  188.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  189.                                <a href="https://blog-4081957362.mit-edu.top/post/4081957362/" target="_blank">
  190.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  191.                                </a>
  192.                            </div>
  193.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/4081957362">AI-Powered Narratives in Fully Player-Driven Story Worlds</a></h2>
  194.                            <p class="info">This paper examines the role of multiplayer mobile games in facilitating socialization, community building, and the formation of online social networks. The study investigates how multiplayer features such as cooperative gameplay, competitive modes, and guilds foster interaction among players and create virtual communities. Drawing on social network theory and community dynamics, the research explores the impact of multiplayer mobile games on players' social behavior, including collaboration, communication, and identity formation. The paper also evaluates the potential negative effects of online gaming communities, such as toxicity, exclusion, and cyberbullying, and offers strategies for developers to promote positive social interaction and inclusive communities in multiplayer games.</p>
  195.                            <a href="https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/4081957362" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  196.                                <div class="author-pic">
  197.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/3.jpg" alt="AI-Powered Narratives in Fully Player-Driven Story Worlds" title="AI-Powered Narratives in Fully Player-Driven Story Worlds" class="lazyload">
  198.                                </div>
  199.                                <div class="text">
  200.                                    <strong>Timothy Butler</strong>
  201.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  202.                                </div>
  203.                            </a>
  204.                        </div>
  205.                    </div>
  206.                </div>
  207.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  208.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  209.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  210.                            <a href="https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/7816253490">
  211.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/11.jpg" alt="Gamified Public Services: The Future of Engagement Through Play" title="Gamified Public Services: The Future of Engagement Through Play" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  212.                            </a>
  213.                        </div>
  214.                        <div class="content">
  215.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  216.                                <a href="https://blog-7816253490.mit-edu.top/post/7816253490/" target="_blank">
  217.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  218.                                </a>
  219.                            </div>
  220.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/7816253490">Gamified Public Services: The Future of Engagement Through Play</a></h2>
  221.                            <p class="info">The storytelling in video games has matured into an art form, offering players complex narratives filled with rich characters, moral dilemmas, and emotionally resonant experiences that rival those found in literature and cinema. Players are no longer passive consumers but active participants in interactive narratives, shaping the outcome of stories through their choices and actions. This interactive storytelling blurs the line between player and protagonist, creating deeply personal and immersive narratives that leave a lasting impact.</p>
  222.                            <a href="https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/7816253490" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  223.                                <div class="author-pic">
  224.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/4.jpg" alt="Gamified Public Services: The Future of Engagement Through Play" title="Gamified Public Services: The Future of Engagement Through Play" class="lazyload">
  225.                                </div>
  226.                                <div class="text">
  227.                                    <strong>Harold Matthews</strong>
  228.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  229.                                </div>
  230.                            </a>
  231.                        </div>
  232.                    </div>
  233.                </div>
  234.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  235.                    <div class="post-entry d-md-flex small-horizontal mb-5">
  236.                        <div class="me-md-5 thumbnail mb-3 mb-md-0">
  237.                            <a href="https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/6587409123">
  238.                            <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/post/20.jpg" alt="Optimizing Multiplayer Matchmaking Algorithms for Fair Play" title="Optimizing Multiplayer Matchmaking Algorithms for Fair Play" class="img-fluid lazyload">
  239.                            </a>
  240.                        </div>
  241.                        <div class="content">
  242.                            <div class="post-meta mb-3">
  243.                                <a href="https://blog-6587409123.mit-edu.top/post/6587409123/" target="_blank">
  244.                                <span class="date">2025-01-31</span>
  245.                                </a>
  246.                            </div>
  247.                            <h2 class="heading"><a href="https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/6587409123">Optimizing Multiplayer Matchmaking Algorithms for Fair Play</a></h2>
  248.                            <p class="info">This paper explores the use of mobile games as educational tools, assessing their effectiveness in teaching various subjects and skills. It discusses the advantages and limitations of game-based learning in mobile contexts.</p>
  249.                            <a href="https://y3uwkx.mit-edu.top/post/6587409123" class="post-author d-flex align-items-center">
  250.                                <div class="author-pic">
  251.                                    <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/user/14.jpg" alt="Optimizing Multiplayer Matchmaking Algorithms for Fair Play" title="Optimizing Multiplayer Matchmaking Algorithms for Fair Play" class="lazyload">
  252.                                </div>
  253.                                <div class="text">
  254.                                    <strong>Samuel Jenkins</strong>
  255.                                    <span>2025-01-31 published post</span>
  256.                                </div>
  257.                            </a>
  258.                        </div>
  259.                    </div>
  260.                </div>
  261.            </div>
  262.        </div>
  263.    </div>
  264.    <div class="py-5 bg-light mx-md-3 sec-subscribe">
  265.        <div class="container">
  266.            <div class="row">
  267.                <div class="col-lg-12">
  268.                    <h2 class="h4 fw-bold">Subscribe to newsletter</h2>
  269.                </div>
  270.            </div>
  271.            <form class="row">
  272.                <div class="col-md-8">
  273.                    <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0">
  274.                        <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter your email">
  275.                    </div>
  276.                </div>
  277.                <div class="col-md-4 d-grid">
  278.                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Subscribe">
  279.                </div>
  280.            </form>
  281.        </div>
  282.    </div>
  283.    <div class="site-footer">
  284.        <div class="container">
  285.            <div class="row justify-content-center copyright">
  286.                <div class="col-lg-7 text-center">
  287.                    <div class="widget">
  288.                        <p>Copyright &copy;
  289.                            <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> All rights reserved.
  290.                        </p>
  291. <p>
  292.    < Top VPS Hosting Choice ><br>
  293.    <a href="https://evolution-host.com?ref=DQgZ6P" target="_blank">
  294.        <img src="https://x.mit-edu.top/static/images/evolution-host.png" alt="Evolution Host" title="Evolution Host" class="evhost lazyload">
  295.    </a>
  296. </p>
  297.                    </div>
  298.                </div>
  299.            </div>
  300.        </div>
  301.    </div>
  302. </body>
  303.  
  304. </html>
Copyright © 2002-9 Sam Ruby, Mark Pilgrim, Joseph Walton, and Phil Ringnalda