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.no-results, .single.ast-separate-container .site-main .ast-author-meta, .ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper, .ast-box-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-padded-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content, .ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);background-image:none;}}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);background-image:none;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);background-image:none;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);background-image:none;}}.ast-plain-container, .ast-page-builder-template{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);background-image:none;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-plain-container, .ast-page-builder-template{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);background-image:none;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-plain-container, .ast-page-builder-template{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);background-image:none;}}
  41. .ast-related-post-title, .entry-meta * {
  42. word-break: break-word;
  43. }
  44. .ast-related-post-cta.read-more .ast-related-post-link {
  45. text-decoration: none;
  46. }
  47. .ast-page-builder-template .ast-related-post .entry-header, .ast-related-post-content .entry-header, .ast-related-post-content .entry-meta {
  48. margin: 1em auto 1em auto;
  49. padding: 0;
  50. }
  51. .ast-related-posts-wrapper {
  52. display: grid;
  53. grid-column-gap: 25px;
  54. grid-row-gap: 25px;
  55. }
  56. .ast-related-posts-wrapper .ast-related-post, .ast-related-post-featured-section {
  57. padding: 0;
  58. margin: 0;
  59. width: 100%;
  60. position: relative;
  61. }
  62. .ast-related-posts-inner-section {
  63. height: 100%;
  64. }
  65. .post-has-thumb + .entry-header, .post-has-thumb + .entry-content {
  66. margin-top: 1em;
  67. }
  68. .ast-related-post-content .entry-meta {
  69. margin-top: 0.5em;
  70. }
  71. .ast-related-posts-inner-section .post-thumb-img-content {
  72. margin: 0;
  73. position: relative;
  74. }
  76. .ast-single-related-posts-container {
  77. border-top: 1px solid var(--ast-single-post-border, var(--ast-border-color));
  78. }
  79. .ast-separate-container .ast-single-related-posts-container {
  80. border-top: 0;
  81. }
  82. .ast-single-related-posts-container {
  83. padding-top: 2em;
  84. }
  85. .ast-related-posts-title-section {
  86. padding-bottom: 20px;
  87. }
  88. .ast-page-builder-template .ast-single-related-posts-container {
  89. margin-top: 0;
  90. padding-left: 20px;
  91. padding-right: 20px;
  92. }
  93. @media (max-width: 544px) {
  94. .ast-related-posts-title-section {
  95. padding-bottom: 1.5em;
  96. }
  97. }
  98. .ast-single-related-posts-container .ast-related-posts-wrapper{grid-template-columns:repeat( 2, 1fr );}.ast-related-posts-inner-section .ast-date-meta .posted-on, .ast-related-posts-inner-section .ast-date-meta .posted-on *{background:var(--ast-global-color-0);color:#ffffff;}.ast-related-posts-inner-section .ast-date-meta .posted-on .date-month, .ast-related-posts-inner-section .ast-date-meta .posted-on .date-year{color:#ffffff;}.ast-single-related-posts-container{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);background-image:none;}.ast-related-posts-title{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);font-size:26px;font-size:1.625rem;line-height:1.6em;}.ast-related-posts-title-section .ast-related-posts-title{text-align:left;}.ast-related-post-content .entry-header .ast-related-post-title, .ast-related-post-content .entry-header .ast-related-post-title a{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);font-weight:500;font-size:20px;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5em;}.ast-related-post-content .entry-meta, .ast-related-post-content .entry-meta *{font-size:14px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.6em;}.ast-related-post-excerpt{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}.ast-related-cat-style--badge .cat-links > a, .ast-related-tag-style--badge .tags-links > a{border-style:solid;border-top-width:0;border-right-width:0;border-left-width:0;border-bottom-width:0;padding:4px 8px;border-radius:3px;font-size:inherit;color:#fff;border-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.ast-related-cat-style--badge .cat-links > a:hover, .ast-related-tag-style--badge .tags-links > a:hover{color:#fff;background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);border-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.ast-related-cat-style--underline .cat-links > a, .ast-related-tag-style--underline .tags-links > a{text-decoration:underline;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-single-related-posts-container .ast-related-posts-wrapper .ast-related-post{width:100%;}.ast-single-related-posts-container .ast-related-posts-wrapper{grid-template-columns:repeat( 2, 1fr );}.ast-single-related-posts-container{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);background-image:none;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-single-related-posts-container .ast-related-posts-wrapper{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.ast-single-related-posts-container{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);background-image:none;}}.site .ast-single-related-posts-container{padding-top:2.5em;padding-bottom:2.5em;padding-left:2.5em;padding-right:2.5em;margin-top:2em;}
  99. #ast-scroll-top {
  100. display: none;
  101. position: fixed;
  102. text-align: center;
  103. cursor: pointer;
  104. z-index: 99;
  105. width: 2.1em;
  106. height: 2.1em;
  107. line-height: 2.1;
  108. color: #ffffff;
  109. border-radius: 2px;
  110. content: "";
  111. outline: inherit;
  112. }
  113. @media (min-width: 769px) {
  114. #ast-scroll-top {
  115. content: "769";
  116. }
  117. }
  118. #ast-scroll-top .ast-icon.icon-arrow svg {
  119. margin-left: 0px;
  120. vertical-align: middle;
  121. transform: translate(0, -20%) rotate(180deg);
  122. width: 1.6em;
  123. }
  124. .ast-scroll-to-top-right {
  125. right: 30px;
  126. bottom: 30px;
  127. }
  128. .ast-scroll-to-top-left {
  129. left: 30px;
  130. bottom: 30px;
  131. }
  132. #ast-scroll-top{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);font-size:15px;}@media (max-width:921px){#ast-scroll-top .ast-icon.icon-arrow svg{width:1em;}}.ast-mobile-header-content > *,.ast-desktop-header-content > * {padding: 10px 0;height: auto;}.ast-mobile-header-content > *:first-child,.ast-desktop-header-content > *:first-child {padding-top: 10px;}.ast-mobile-header-content > .ast-builder-menu,.ast-desktop-header-content > .ast-builder-menu {padding-top: 0;}.ast-mobile-header-content > *:last-child,.ast-desktop-header-content > *:last-child {padding-bottom: 0;}.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search label,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search label {width: 100%;}.ast-desktop-header-content .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-submenu-expanded > .ast-menu-toggle::before {transform: rotateX(180deg);}#ast-desktop-header .ast-desktop-header-content,.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-icon,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-icon,.ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content,.ast-main-header-nav-open.ast-popup-nav-open .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content,.ast-main-header-nav-open.ast-popup-nav-open .ast-desktop-header-content {display: none;}.ast-main-header-nav-open.ast-header-break-point #ast-desktop-header .ast-desktop-header-content,.ast-main-header-nav-open.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content {display: block;}.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-slide-up > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-slide-up > .menu-item .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-slide-down > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-slide-down > .menu-item .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-fade > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-fade > .menu-item .menu-item > .sub-menu {opacity: 1;visibility: visible;}.ast-hfb-header.ast-default-menu-enable.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content .main-header-bar-navigation {width: unset;margin: unset;}.ast-mobile-header-content.content-align-flex-end .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle,.ast-desktop-header-content.content-align-flex-end .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle {left: calc( 20px - 0.907em);right: auto;}.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon,.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search {width: 100%;position: relative;display: block;right: auto;transform: none;}.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form,.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {right: 0;visibility: visible;opacity: 1;position: relative;top: auto;transform: none;padding: 0;display: block;overflow: hidden;}.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-field,.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-field,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-field,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-field {width: 100%;padding-right: 5.5em;}.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit {display: block;position: absolute;height: 100%;top: 0;right: 0;padding: 0 1em;border-radius: 0;}.ast-hfb-header.ast-default-menu-enable.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content .main-header-bar-navigation ul .sub-menu .menu-link {padding-left: 30px;}.ast-hfb-header.ast-default-menu-enable.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content .main-header-bar-navigation .sub-menu .menu-item .menu-item .menu-link {padding-left: 40px;}.ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .ast-mobile-popup-inner{background-color:#ffffff;;}.ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content, .ast-desktop-header-content{background-color:#ffffff;;}.ast-mobile-popup-content > *, .ast-mobile-header-content > *, .ast-desktop-popup-content > *, .ast-desktop-header-content > *{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;}.content-align-flex-start .ast-builder-layout-element{justify-content:flex-start;}.content-align-flex-start .main-header-menu{text-align:left;}.ast-desktop-header-content, .ast-mobile-header-content{position:absolute;width:100%;}.ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .menu-toggle-close{color:#3a3a3a;}.ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-primary-header-bar,.ast-primary-header-bar .site-primary-header-wrap{min-height:80px;}.ast-desktop .ast-primary-header-bar .main-header-menu > .menu-item{line-height:80px;}.ast-header-break-point #masthead .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-primary-header-bar,.ast-header-break-point #masthead .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-below-header-bar,.ast-header-break-point #masthead .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-bar{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-primary-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:var( --ast-global-color-subtle-background,--ast-global-color-7 );border-bottom-style:solid;}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-primary-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:var( --ast-global-color-subtle-background,--ast-global-color-7 );border-bottom-style:solid;}}.ast-primary-header-bar{background-color:var( --ast-global-color-primary,--ast-global-color-4 );}.ast-primary-header-bar{display:block;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-primary-header-bar{display:grid;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-primary-header-bar{display:grid;}}[data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .ast-mobile-menu-trigger-minimal{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);border:none;background:transparent;}[data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .mobile-menu-toggle-icon .ast-mobile-svg{width:20px;height:20px;fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);}[data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .mobile-menu-wrap .mobile-menu{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .main-header-menu .menu-item > .menu-link{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .main-header-menu .menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .main-header-menu .menu-item:hover > .menu-link, .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .inline-on-mobile .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .menu-item:hover > .menu-link, .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .inline-on-mobile .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-item > .menu-link, .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .inline-on-mobile .menu-item.current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle, .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-ancestor > .menu-link, .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-ancestor > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{content:unset;}.ast-hfb-header .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-header-menu, .ast-hfb-header .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item .menu-link, .ast-hfb-header .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item .sub-menu .menu-link{border-style:none;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .main-header-menu .menu-item > .menu-link{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .main-header-menu .menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .main-header-menu .menu-item:hover > .menu-link, .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .inline-on-mobile .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);background:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-item > .menu-link, .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .inline-on-mobile .menu-item.current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle, .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-ancestor > .menu-link, .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-ancestor > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);background:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{content:unset;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .main-header-menu , .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .main-header-menu .menu-link, .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .main-header-menu .sub-menu{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);background-image:none;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation{display:block;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation{display:block;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation{display:block;}}.comment-reply-title{font-size:20px;font-size:1.25rem;}.ast-comment-meta{line-height:1.666666667;color:var(--ast-global-color-0);font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;}.ast-comment-list #cancel-comment-reply-link{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;}.comments-title {padding: 1em 0 0;}.comments-title {word-wrap: break-word;font-weight: 600; padding-bottom: 1em;}.ast-comment-list {margin: 0;word-wrap: break-word;padding-bottom: 0;list-style: none;}.ast-comment-list li {list-style: none;}.ast-comment-list .ast-comment-edit-reply-wrap {-js-display: flex;display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;}.ast-comment-list .comment-awaiting-moderation {margin-bottom: 0;}.ast-comment {padding: 0 ;}.ast-comment-info img {border-radius: 50%;}.ast-comment-cite-wrap cite {font-style: normal;}.comment-reply-title {font-weight: 600;line-height: 1.65;}.ast-comment-meta {margin-bottom: 0.5em;}.comments-area .comment-form-comment {width: 100%;border: none;margin: 0;padding: 0;}.comments-area .comment-notes,.comments-area .comment-textarea,.comments-area .form-allowed-tags {margin-bottom: 1.5em;}.comments-area .form-submit {margin-bottom: 0;}.comments-area textarea#comment,.comments-area .ast-comment-formwrap input[type="text"] {width: 100%;border-radius: 0;vertical-align: middle;margin-bottom: 10px;}.comments-area .no-comments {margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;}.comments-area p.logged-in-as {margin-bottom: 1em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list {padding-bottom: 0;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1 .children li,.ast-narrow-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1 .children li {padding-bottom: 0;padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list .comment-respond {padding-top: 0;padding-bottom: 1em;background-color: transparent;}.ast-comment-list .comment .comment-respond {padding-bottom: 2em;border-bottom: none;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list .bypostauthor,.ast-narrow-container .ast-comment-list .bypostauthor {padding: 2em;margin-bottom: 1em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list .bypostauthor li,.ast-narrow-container .ast-comment-list .bypostauthor li {background: transparent;margin-bottom: 0;padding: 0 0 0 2em;}.comment-content a {word-wrap: break-word;}.comment-form-legend {margin-bottom: unset;padding: 0 0.5em;}.comment-reply-title {padding-top: 0;margin-bottom: 1em;}.ast-comment {padding-top: 2.5em;padding-bottom: 2.5em;border-top: 1px solid var(--ast-single-post-border,var(--ast-border-color));}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list .comment + .comment,.ast-narrow-container .ast-comment-list .comment + .comment {padding-top: 0;padding-bottom: 0;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1,.ast-narrow-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1 {padding-left: 2.5em;padding-right: 2.5em;}.ast-plain-container .ast-comment,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-comment {padding: 2em 0;}.page.ast-page-builder-template .comments-area {margin-top: 2em;}.ast-comment-list .children {margin-left: 2em;}@media (max-width: 992px) {.ast-comment-list .children {margin-left: 1em;}}.ast-comment-list #cancel-comment-reply-link {white-space: nowrap;font-size: 13px;font-weight: normal;margin-left: 1em;}.ast-comment-info {display: flex;position: relative;}.ast-comment-meta {justify-content: right;padding: 0 3.4em 1.60em;}.comments-area #wp-comment-cookies-consent {margin-right: 10px;}.ast-page-builder-template .comments-area {padding-left: 20px;padding-right: 20px;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 2em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list .bypostauthor .bypostauthor {background: transparent;margin-bottom: 0;padding-right: 0;padding-bottom: 0;padding-top: 0;}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li .comment-respond{padding-left:2.66666em;padding-right:2.66666em;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1{margin-bottom:0;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list .bypostauthor{padding:.5em;}.ast-comment-meta{font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;}.comment-reply-title{font-size:20px;font-size:1.25rem;}.ast-comment-list #cancel-comment-reply-link{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list .bypostauthor li{padding:0 0 0 .5em;}.ast-comment-list .children{margin-left:0.66666em;}}
  133. .ast-comment-cite-wrap cite {
  134. font-weight: 600;
  135. font-size: 1.2em;
  136. }
  137. .ast-comment-info img {
  138. box-shadow: 0 0 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.15);
  139. border: 1px solid var(--ast-single-post-border, var(--ast-border-color));
  140. }
  141. .ast-comment-info {
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  415. <h1 class="entry-title" >Какие бывают виды темной материи?</h1><div class="entry-meta">От <span class="posted-by vcard author"   > <a title="Смотреть все записи от Аркадий Аненков"
  416. href="https://znaypro.ru/author/arar/" rel="author"
  417. class="url fn n" >
  418. <span
  419. class="author-name" >
  420. Аркадий Аненков </span>
  421. </a>
  422. </span>
  423.  
  424. / <span class="posted-on"><span class="published" > 06.06.2023 </span></span></div>
  426. </header><!-- .entry-header -->
  427.  
  430. <div class="entry-content clear"
  431. >
  432.  
  434. <p>Темная материя – одна из самых загадочных и малопонятных областей в современной физике. Считается, что она составляет примерно 95% всего материального содержимого Вселенной. При этом она не взаимодействует с обычной материей и не излучает свет, что делает ее невидимой для традиционных методов наблюдения. Однако ученые выдвинули несколько теорий, которые пытаются объяснить ее природу, включая предположения о существовании разных видов темной материи.</p>
  435. <h2><strong>Что такое темная материя: введение в тему</strong></h2>
  436. <p><a title="Что такое темная материя?" href="https://znaypro.ru/chto-takoe-temnaja-materija/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Темная материя</a> – это один из самых загадочных элементов нашей Вселенной, который, несмотря на свою невидимость, оказывает огромное влияние на структуру и эволюцию Вселенной. Вот несколько ключевых аспектов, которые необходимо знать о темной материи:</p>
  437. <ul>
  438. <li><strong>Невидимость</strong>: Темная материя не излучает свет и не взаимодействует с известными нам видами энергии, из-за чего ее невозможно наблюдать прямыми методами.</li>
  439. <li><strong>Доминирование</strong>: Она составляет около 85% всей массы Вселенной, значительно превосходя обычную материю, из которой состоят звезды, планеты и все, что мы можем видеть.</li>
  440. <li><strong>Гравитационное воздействие</strong>: Несмотря на свою невидимость, темная материя оказывает влияние на движение галактик и распределение галактических скоплений благодаря своему гравитационному воздействию.</li>
  441. <li><strong>Различные виды</strong>: Существуют теории о различных видах темной материи, включая холодную, горячую и темную материю со сверхтяжелыми частицами, которые различаются по своим свойствам и эффектам на Вселенную.</li>
  442. </ul>
  443. <p>Понимание темной материи является ключевым для нашего понимания Вселенной, и по мере продвижения научных исследований, наши знания в этой области продолжают расширяться.</p>
  444. <p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-404" src="https://znaypro.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/temnaja-materija-vo-vselennoj.jpg" alt="Темная материя во вселенной" width="600" height="353" /></p>
  445. <h2>Методы обнаружения темной материи: косвенные улики</h2>
  446. <p>Виды темной материи классифицируются в основном по свойствам частиц, из которых они, предположительно, состоят:</p>
  447. <p><strong>Холодная темная материя</strong> предполагает наличие медленно движущихся (или &#8220;холодных&#8221;) частиц, которые образуют структуры в Вселенной, начиная с малых и постепенно объединяясь в большие.</p>
  448. <p><strong>Горячая темная материя</strong>, наоборот, состоит из частиц, движущихся со скоростями, близкими к скорости света, из-за чего она формирует большие структуры прежде малых. Еще одна группа предполагает наличие сверхтяжелых частиц темной материи, которые обладают свойствами, существенно отличающимися от частиц холодной и горячей темной материи.</p>
  449. <p>Несмотря на то, что прямо наблюдать темную материю невозможно из-за отсутствия ее взаимодействия с электромагнитным излучением, ученые обнаруживают ее присутствие косвенными методами. Основные методы включают следующие:</p>
  450. <ul>
  451. <li><strong>Гравитационные линзы</strong>: Темная материя, как любое массивное тело, искажает пространство-время вокруг себя, что приводит к изгибу лучей света. Это явление можно использовать для вычисления массы объекта и его распределения.</li>
  452. <li><strong>Вращение галактик</strong>: Скорость вращения внешних районов галактик значительно выше, чем можно было бы предположить, исходя из общей массы видимых звезд. Это явление объясняется наличием в галактике большого количества темной материи.</li>
  453. <li><strong>Структура Вселенной</strong>: Темная материя играет ключевую роль в формировании структуры Вселенной на больших масштабах, включая образование галактических скоплений и великих стен.</li>
  454. <li><strong>Космическое микроволновое излучение</strong>: Флуктуации температуры в космическом микроволновом излучении &#8211; реликтовом излучении Вселенной &#8211; позволяют сделать выводы о присутствии темной материи в эпоху всего лишь 380 тысяч лет после Большого взрыва.</li>
  455. </ul>
  456. <p>Через эти методы и некоторые другие, ученые надеются узнать больше о природе и свойствах темной материи.</p>
  457. <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-401 lazyload" data-src="https://znaypro.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/izluchenie-jenergii.jpg" alt="Излучение энергии" width="584" height="400" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 584px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 584/400;" /></p>
  458. <h2>Холодная темная материя: основные свойства и теории</h2>
  459. <p>Холодная темная материя – одна из самых распространенных теорий, объясняющих природу темной материи. Эта модель предполагает, что темная материя состоит из медленно движущихся частиц, отсюда и название – &#8220;холодная&#8221;.</p>
  460. <ul>
  461. <li><strong>Медленное движение частиц</strong>: Частицы холодной темной материи имеют низкую скорость, по сравнению со скоростью света. Это делает их &#8220;холодными&#8221; в терминах физики частиц.</li>
  462. <li><strong>Формирование структуры Вселенной</strong>: Считается, что холодная темная материя играет важную роль в формировании структуры Вселенной. По этой теории, частицы холодной темной материи служат &#8220;семенами&#8221;, вокруг которых начинается образование галактик и галактических скоплений.</li>
  463. <li><strong>Проблема недостатка структур малого масштаба</strong>: Однако теория холодной темной материи сталкивается с проблемой, когда речь заходит о структурах малого масштаба. Согласно прогнозам этой модели, в Вселенной должно быть гораздо больше карликовых галактик, чем мы наблюдаем. Эта проблема известна как &#8220;проблема недостатка спутников&#8221;.</li>
  464. <li><strong>Поиски частиц</strong>: В настоящее время ведутся активные поиски частиц холодной темной материи в экспериментах на Земле, таких как <em>Large Underground Xenon</em> (LUX) и других.</li>
  465. </ul>
  466. <p>В целом, теория холодной темной материи является ведущей в попытках объяснить природу и свойства темной материи.</p>
  467. <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-400 lazyload" data-src="https://znaypro.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/large-underground-xenon-dlja-poisa-temnoj-materii.jpg" alt="Large Underground Xenon для поиса Темной материи" width="600" height="361" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 600/361;" /></p>
  468. <h2>Горячая темная материя: различия от холодной и основные теории</h2>
  469. <p>Теория горячей темной материи предполагает, что частицы темной материи обладают большими скоростями, близкими к скорости света. Это отличает их от частиц холодной темной материи и придает им совершенно другие свойства и эффекты.</p>
  470. <ul>
  471. <li><strong>Быстрое движение частиц</strong>: В отличие от холодной темной материи, частицы горячей темной материи движутся с большой скоростью. Именно поэтому они получили название &#8220;горячие&#8221;.</li>
  472. <li><strong>Образование структур в Вселенной</strong>: Если в модели холодной темной материи малые структуры формируются раньше и служат основой для больших, то в модели горячей темной материи сначала образуются большие структуры, а уже внутри них — малые.</li>
  473. <li><strong>Кандидаты на роль частиц</strong>: Одним из возможных кандидатов на роль частиц горячей темной материи являются нейтрино. Нейтрино – это легкие элементарные частицы, которые движутся со скоростью, близкой к скорости света.</li>
  474. <li><strong>Проблемы модели</strong>: Однако модель горячей темной материи столкнулась с серьезными проблемами. Например, она не совсем согласуется с наблюдаемой картиной формирования структур в Вселенной, поэтому большинство исследователей в настоящее время отдают предпочтение модели холодной темной материи.</li>
  475. </ul>
  476. <p>Модель горячей темной материи, хотя и не так популярна как холодная, все равно представляет собой важное направление в исследованиях темной материи.</p>
  477. <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-402 lazyload" data-src="https://znaypro.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/kosmicheskoe-izluchenie.jpg" alt="Космическое излучение" width="600" height="340" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 600/340;" /></p>
  478. <h2>Темная материя со сверхтяжелыми частицами: новейшие предположения</h2>
  479. <p>Недавно возникло еще одно направление в исследованиях темной материи, связанное с предположением о существовании сверхтяжелых частиц. Вот ключевые моменты этой теории:</p>
  480. <ul>
  481. <li><strong>Большая масса частиц</strong>: Сверхтяжелые частицы темной материи, как следует из названия, обладают очень большой массой, гораздо большей, чем у любых известных на сегодняшний день частиц.</li>
  482. <li><strong>Возможное решение проблем</strong>: Предположение о существовании сверхтяжелых частиц может помочь решить некоторые проблемы, которые стоят перед теориями холодной и горячей темной материи. Например, сверхтяжелые частицы могут объяснить недостаток малых структур в модели холодной темной материи.</li>
  483. <li><strong>Проблемы в поиске</strong>: Однако поиск таких частиц представляет собой значительную проблему. Их масса делает их очень сложными для обнаружения с помощью существующих экспериментальных установок.</li>
  484. <li><strong>Теоретические основы</strong>: Существование сверхтяжелых частиц может быть предсказано в рамках некоторых теоретических моделей, таких как теория струн и теория большого объединения.</li>
  485. </ul>
  486. <p>Эта область исследований темной материи все еще находится на ранней стадии, и дальнейшие исследования могут привести к новым открытиям и изменениям в нашем понимании природы темной материи.</p>
  487. <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-403 lazyload" data-src="https://znaypro.ru/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/temnaja-materija-ee-vidy.jpg" alt="Темная материя - ее виды" width="600" height="360" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 600/360;" /></p>
  488. <h2>Примеры исследований, подтверждающих существование разных видов темной материи</h2>
  489. <p>Исследования темной материи являются одним из важнейших направлений современной космологии. Вот несколько примеров таких исследований, которые обеспечивают ключевые доказательства существования различных видов темной материи:</p>
  490. <ul>
  491. <li><strong>Наблюдения гравитационных линз</strong>: Одним из прямых доказательств существования темной материи является наблюдение явления гравитационного линзирования. Одним из примеров может служить проект <em>Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields</em>, который фокусируется на наблюдении самых дальних и массивных галактических скоплений и использует их в качестве гравитационных линз для наблюдения еще более дальних галактик.</li>
  492. <li><strong>Исследования скорости вращения галактик</strong>: Одним из ранних доказательств существования темной материи стало исследование скорости вращения галактик, проведенное Вера Рубин. Она обнаружила, что галактики вращаются быстрее, чем это следовало бы из их видимой массы, что указывает на присутствие темной материи.</li>
  493. <li><strong>Исследования космического микроволнового излучения</strong>: Наблюдения космического микроволнового излучения с помощью спутниковых миссий, таких как Planck и WMAP, предоставили ключевые данные о ранней Вселенной и подтвердили важность темной материи в космологических моделях.</li>
  494. <li><strong>Поиски нейтрино</strong>: Нейтрино являются одними из кандидатов в частицы темной материи. Исследования нейтрино, такие как эксперимент IceCube в Антарктиде, помогают уточнить наше понимание этих элементарных частиц и их возможной роли в темной материи.</li>
  495. <li><strong>Поиски на Земле</strong>: Эксперименты на Земле, такие как LUX и XENON1T, ищут прямые сигналы темной материи, взаимодействуя с обычной материей.</li>
  496. </ul>
  497. <p>Эти и многие другие исследования продолжают расширять наше понимание темной материи и ее разнообразных форм.</p>
  498. <p>Вопросы о природе темной материи остаются открытыми, но исследования в этой области продолжаются. Различные виды темной материи – это одно из направлений, которое может привести к новым открытиям. Понимание этих видов и различий между ними поможет вам лучше понять текущее состояние исследований в области космической физики и возможно, приоткрыть занавес таинственной Вселенной.</p>
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