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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" ?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel> <title>areppim charts & graphs</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/</link> <description>Charts, graphs and statistics on sports, personal health, science & culture, economy & finance, society, nature & environment.</description> <image> <url>http://stats.areppim.com/ressources/areppim_logo_170x36.png</url> <title>areppim charts & graphs</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/</link> </image> <category>Environment</category> <category>Energy</category> <category>Oil and gas</category> <category>Nuclear</category> <category>Agriculture</category> <category>Food</category> <category>Water Resources</category> <copyright>2009, areppim AG. All rights reserved.</copyright> <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 10:00:00 GMT</pubDate> <lastBuildDate>Sat, 30 Jul 2011 06:00:00 GMT</lastBuildDate> <webMaster>webmaster@areppim.com (Ed Casais)</webMaster> <atom:link href="http://stats.areppim.com/rss/nature_feed.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" /> <item> <title>Nuclear electricity output has been modest : it went from about 2.6 trillion kWh in 2006 up to 2.635 trillion kWh in 2010, at a low annual average rate of 0.1%.</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclearx2011_kwh.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclearx2011_kwh.htm</guid> <description>During the last 5 years, the world has been burning more nuclear fuel to produce electrical power. At the global level, the increase in nuclear electricity output has been modest -- it went from about 2.6 trillion kWh in 2006 up to 2.635 trillion kWh in 2010, at a low annual average rate of 0.1%. On 1 July 2011, the status of the world nuclear industry encompasses 440 nuclear power reactors in operation with a total net installed capacity of 374.206 GW(e), 5 nuclear power reactors in long term shutdown, and 65 nuclear power reactors under construction. We are regularly reassured that these hundreds of reactors are safe, secure, and under close and rigorous monitoring. However, with the benefit of hindsight, we should remember that the owner of Fukushima, Tepco, as well as the Japanese officials in charge stated repeatedly all along several decades that their reactors were safe, secure, well maintained and risk-free; these were blatant lies that bowing in apologetic style could not and would not erase. Why should we suppose that the owners and overseers of all those hundreds of reactors behave more respectfully of the truth ? We must not allow new Fukushima-like or worse nuclear catastrophes to be crafted under wrong premises and fallacious allegations. Addiction to energy consumption should not be mistaken for a valid rationale for promoting the continuous upscaling of nuclear capacity. If the energy-deprived Germany and Switzerland can do without nuclear power, other nations can. Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, Fukushima, not to mention less-publicized military nuclear accidents, build an object demonstration that the nuclear risk is far too big to be indulged.</description> <category>Energy</category> <category>Nuclear</category> <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jul 2011 06:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Nuclear nations depend upon nuclear power to generate an average of 14% of their electricity needs</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclearx2011_percent.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclearx2011_percent.htm</guid> <description>Overall more than two thirds of the world 30 nuclear powers rely on nuclear reactors to supply a share of electricity higher than the world average 14%. This is a serious issue, given the shortage of energy alternatives. Oil and gas are inexorably getting scarcer and less affordable. The imperative to control air pollution raises obstacles to the use of traditional coal fired plants. The solar, wind and tidal energies, reputedly clean and renewable, have yet to achieve a technological breakthrough to become cost-efficient and high-performance alternatives. Hence nuclear proponents hammer their arguments, advocating the renewal of exploitation licenses for old installed reactors and the steady construction of new plants, insisting that nuclear power is both clean and cheap. The concept that any of the above energy forms may be "clean" is wishful thinking. One may be less pollutant than the other, but all of them require heavy industrial processes to transform oil, gas, coal, wind, or solar energy into usable thermal or mechanical energy. Even photovoltaic cells or eolian towers do not grow from trees. Nuclear power, however, is likely the less clean of all. Nuclear sponsors do not say much about the uncleanliness of the 77,000 mi2 (199,429.85 km2) of soil contaminated by the Chernobyl radioactive fallout, and they remain cautiously discreet about the huge masses of soil, sea water, and freshwater contaminated by the Fukushima accident. The real cost of nuclear power is also biased by a bizarre -- although common in public economy -- calculation procedure. To keep it simple, the approach consists of leaving out ("externalizing") everything that is not strictly related to the cost of operating the plant. For example, the costs incurred by nuclear waste storage and disposal, as yet impossible to assess since no final solution for waste disposal has been implemented while experimental approaches adopted so far did not meet expectations, are charged to the state, i.e. the taxpayer. Similarly, the evacuation and relocation costs of the hundreds of thousand people who had previously lived in the regions surrounding Chernobyl or Fukushima are sent to the care of the taxpayer. We might lengthen the list with items such as the healthcare costs of the thousands of irradiated people, the indemnities to the victims, etc. The claim that nuclear power is a cheap form of energy is a sheer fallacy.</description> <category>Energy</category> <category>Nuclear</category> <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jul 2011 06:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>As at July 2011, the plans are to add 558 new nuclear reactors, with a total capacity of 626 GWe, to the currently operating 440 reactors, total capacity 376 GWe. All the reported new capacity should become operational until 2030.</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclearx2011_plans.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclearx2011_plans.htm</guid> <description>558 new nuclear reactors, with a total capacity of 626 GWe should become operational until 2030. The most ambitious plans are found in China (198 reactors, 211.7 GWe), India (63 reactors, 68.6 GWe), Russia (54 reactors, 53 GWe), United States (35 reactors, 47 GWe). The emergence of the East takes also place in the nuclear realm. However, 63% of the plans are still in the remote "proposal" stage, and very many bumps can render the journey less quiet than desired by nuclear advocates. While the World Nuclear Association (WNA) was publishing data on the world nuclear outlook, expressing satisfaction with the warm prospects, on 25 May 2011 Switzerland decided to close its reactors by 2034 and discontinue the proposed 3 new reactors. On 30 May, Germany decided to close all nuclear plants until 2022 and become a nuclear-free nation. On June 13th 2011, it was the turn of Italy to decide by people's referendum to abandon the nuclear option, thus letting go of the proposed 10 reactors. Even China, while reasserting its intention to further develop its nuclear capability, announced that it would stall plans to build 28 new reactors before 2020, pending an in-depth revision of safety and security requirements. The bottom line is that one would need more than a crystal ball to read the troubled energy future, torn by intense pro and anti nuclear arguments. All considered, the plans are not very reliable. The dispute is unlikely to stop. Maybe the industry will succeed by capitalizing on the common man's complacency and forgetfulness. But it is equally probable that growing numbers of people will realize that an ever-growing consumption of energy is nonsensical, and nuclear energy is too risky a toy to be left in the hands of profit-driven businessmen</description> <category>Energy</category> <category>Nuclear</category> <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jul 2011 06:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>the nuclear industry can count on about a century of assured uranium supply under the current commercial conditions and at the present consumption rate.</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclearx2011_fuel.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclearx2011_fuel.htm</guid> <description>Current uranium usage in the world operating 440 nuclear reactors is about 69,000 tonnes per year. The world's present known recoverable reserves of uranium (5.4 million tonnes) are enough to meet the nuclear industry requirements for 78 years. In fact, nuclear fuel is supplied to the industry not only from mining (about 78%), but also from secondary sources, such as commercial stockpiles, nuclear weapons stockpiles, recycled plutonium and uranium from reprocessing used fuel, and some from re-enrichment of depleted uranium or "tails". More worrisome than the ability to meet the uranium requirements on an ongoing basis, is the amount of radioactive trash that the nuclear fuel-cycle leaves behind. The following fuel balance calculations are provided by the World Nuclear Association for the annual operation of a 1000 MWe nuclear power reactor. Anything from 20,000 to 400,000 tonnes of uranium ore are mined and milled to extract about 200 tonnes of uranium. The remainder of the ore, containing most of the radioactivity and nearly all the rock material, known as "tailings", is buried because it contains long-lived radioactive materials and toxic materials such as heavy metals. Upon enrichment, about 27 tonnes of pressed uranium oxide (UO2) with 24 tonnes of enriched uranium are extracted from the 200 tonnes of uranium -- the left-overs known as "tails", a balance of about 175 tonnes, consist of depleted uranium of which a minor part may be used in the metallurgy or in fuel reprocessing, although most of it must be disposed of. The used fuel of the reactor operation amounts to 27 tonnes containing 240 kg transuranics (mainly plutonium), 23 tonnes of low U-235 uranium and 1100 kg fission products. Used fuel is unloaded into a storage pond to allow the radiation levels to decrease, and remains there for several months to several years. Some used fuel may be reprocessed, but at this time most of it must be stored with a view to an ultimate permanent disposal. Currently, there are no disposal facilities in operation anywhere in the world, in which used fuel, and the waste from reprocessing, can be placed. Realizing that nuclear wastes are dangerously radioactive, some of them emitting high-level radiations along periods of hundreds of thousands of years, one should legitimately feel less concerned with meeting the uranium requirements of the industry, than with the growing amounts of lethal trash left over by the nuclear industry for the thousands of years to come.</description> <category>Energy</category> <category>Nuclear</category> <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jul 2011 06:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Trends in global oil supply and consumption 1980-2010</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_oilxconsxsupxgdp_1980x10.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_oilxconsxsupxgdp_1980x10.htm</guid> <description>Trends in global oil supply and consumption suggest an ever-increasing demand on petroleum products, pulling oil production to increase steadily. By relating oil supply and demand to world economic output, as measured by gross world product (GWP), one gets a plain confirmation of the obvious. GWP is strongly correlated to consumption (correlation coefficient 0.95) and to production (correlation coefficient 0.96). As GWP grows, at an annual average rate of 2.93% from 1980 to 2009, both production and consumption grow at a rate of respectively 1.02% and 1.01%. The Pearson R2 statistic reiterates the close relationship between the two categories of variables. The oil production and petroleum consumption lines are not perfectly coincidental, their average rates and correlation coefficients to GWP follow a common trend but have slightly different values. These differentials suggest that production precedes consumption in order to build stocks capable of preventing eventual supply bottlenecks. The fact that GWP tends to grow faster than production or consumption suggests that technology advances have enabled modern industry to achieve efficiency gains allowing to obtain more heat and more mechanical energy from the same barrel of oil. It is not bad news. However, it is not enough. Oil reserves may last a bit, or a lot longer if we slow down the pace of pumping. Yet, the eventual outcome remains unaltered: sooner or later oil reserves will dry out. Doing a little or a lot more of the same will not erase the problem. Only a radical change is likely to prevent the gloomy closure. That can be a breakthrough in the development of new energy forms, or a dramatic change of the world's development model, or both preferably.</description> <category>Energy</category> <category>Oil and gas</category> <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jun 2011 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Crude oil price, 1968 - 2050</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_oilprices_1968x50.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_oilprices_1968x50.htm</guid> <description>However hard it may be to tell what the barrel of crude oil will be worth after-tomorrow, it is an easy guess to foresee that it will move significantly up in the long run. The market price of oil is influenced by a complex set of interrelated factors, which render the final outcome of a small change upstream quite unexpected or outright counter intuitive. Take the 2008 "subprime" mortgage collapse -- the average barrel price dipped from around $120 to below $60. Some demand factors are obvious and can be planned for, to a large extent, such as economy growth, population growth, transportation, efficiency gains. Other factors are less adept to planning, such as discovery of new and exploitable oil, gas or other energy source deposits, technology breakthroughs in the production and exploitation of alternative energy sources, e.g. solar, wind, tidal, biomass, photovoltaic, technology advances and improvements, political decisions and limits on economic access to resources, including use of quotas, fiscal regimes, and other restrictive regulations, financial breakdowns, social unrest or warfare. The intricate interplay of all these factors do not allow for reliable forecasts. The US energy information administration (EIA), the source of data in this page, periodically reports on the energy situation using their own energy modeling system. In its 2011 energy outlook EIA presents a high oil price case that places the price of the barrel at $200 (2009=100) by 2035. The issue with such econometric models is the underlying assumption that there are no limits. GDP can grow, housing can multiply, transportation can spread forever, and energy sources will pop up inextinguishable, from somewhere, be it a supposedly unlimited planet or the fathomless technological human genius, in order to quench the insatiable demand for energy. But efficiency gains and energy source substitution will not suffice. We must plan for a radical change of our energy consuming habits or else, someday, our own dark and greedy persona will provoke a painful settling of scores.</description> <category>Energy</category> <category>Oil and gas</category> <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jun 2011 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Crude oil production total - 1960 - 2009</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_oilprod_1960x09.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_oilprod_1960x09.htm</guid> <description>The chart shows the world total crude oil production in million barrels per day since 1960 through 2009. Trends are given by the dotted lines (linear regression). Total world crude oil production grew from 7.7 in 1960 to 26.4 billion barrels per year in 2009, at an annual average rate of 2.56%. For the same period the world gross domestic product (GDP) increased from 7.3 to 53 trillion constant 2005 US dollars, at an annual average rate of 4.14%. There is a strong correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.88) between the two variables, the variation of crude oil production being largely explained by the variation of the world GDP (Pearson statistic R2 = 0.77). These few landmarks suffice to get the unequivocal message that economic growth, a major goal in everyone's agenda especially in these dire times of financial and economic anguish, will demand a steady supply of crude oil in the foreseeable future. Should pumps, for whatever reason, stop sucking oil from the depths, neither efficiency improvements, nor energy source substitutions would be up to the task of preventing the outage of the economic machine by shortage of energy. The relative contribution of the OPEC countries, reputedly unstable and insecure, has varied along the period. From 1971 to 1976 -- the first Arab oil embargo took place in 1973 -- OPEC produced more than 50%. Non OPEC producers regained their past hegemony after 1975, growing to a 71% share of world production in 1985. Since 2004 however, the gap between the two groups narrows down, providing OPEC with renewed power and influence.</description> <category>Energy</category> <category>Oil and gas</category> <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jun 2011 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Proved crude oil reserves worldwide</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_oilreserves_1980x11.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_oilreserves_1980x11.htm</guid> <description>Although the Middle East has seen an erosion of its share of world proved oil reserves, due largely to the significant findings in Canada in the early 2000's, the region is undoubtedly the richest in the world, accounting for a share of 55.6% (752.9 billion barrels) of about 1,475 billion barrels current world reserves. Reserves are particularly huge in Saudi Arabia (262.6 billion barrels), Iran (137 billion barrels), Iraq (115 billion barrels), Kuwait (104 billion barrels) and the United Arab Emirates (97.8 billion barrels). In North America, Canada reserves have grown at an annual rate of 11% to the level of 175.2 billion barrels, while the USA has already reached the stage of having to pump oil from its shrinking reserves. Most important reserves in South America are to be found in Venezuela (211 billion barrels). In Africa, they are located in Libya (46 billion barrels) and Nigeria (37 billion barrels). Russia, in Eurasia, still has sizable reserves (60 billion barrels) but they are decreasing. The list of countries where the largest oil reserves are located resembles a selection of those troubled nations that fill prime time news bulletins and newspapers first page reports. War and violence, cabinet intriguing, international conspiracy, street unrest, and large scale murder seem indeed strongly correlated with sizable crude oil reserves. Quite a mixed blessing.</description> <category>Energy</category> <category>Oil and gas</category> <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jun 2011 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Lifetime of crude oil reserves</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_oilreservesxyear_1980x50.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_oilreservesxyear_1980x50.htm</guid> <description>Based on the actual values (dots in the chart) of world proved oil reserves and world oil production from 1980 to 2009, a graph is presented for two distinct cases. The first case (blue line) assumes that 2009 proved reserves of 1,342 billion barrels are practically it and will remain unchanged. The results are frightful. These reserves would have allowed for 62 years of 1980-level production, 50 years of 2011-level production and only 38 years of 2050-level production. The alternative case (red line) considers that reserves will continue growing, as they did until now. The situation visibly improves. Proved preserves in 1980 would have permitted 30 years of 1980-level oil production. The reserves lifetime should increase to 41 years in 2011, and 50 years by 2050. However, reserves are not limitless, they will attain a maximum at some point. Having set the limit at 2,000 billion barrels, the curve evidently shows a slow but regular deceleration of the lifetime growth, which by 2050 approaches a plateau, foretelling an eventual world oil dry out. We do not attempt to tell when the drying out will occur, this may happen a few decades sooner or later. Although it would be extremely useful to know the exact deadline, this piece of information is of shrinking importance compared to the key message that says that a dry out is inevitable, and that it may happen in a man's lifetime.</description> <category>Energy</category> <category>Oil and gas</category> <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jun 2011 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Food prices climb to record levels</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_foodxprice_feb11.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_foodxprice_feb11.htm</guid> <description>Food prices have been increasing rapidly, roughly 3 times faster than gross product in the recent years, according to FAO/OECD monitoring specialists. After a slow decrease from 1990 to 2003, food prices inverted the trend and attained a spike in 2008. In 2010 they went up again and reached record levels. Shall the world be the stage of another string of food riots?</description> <category>Food</category> <category>Agriculture</category> <category>Cereals</category> <pubDate>Sat, 05 Feb 2011 20:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Heavy impact of biofuels on food prices</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_stapleprices_feb11.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_stapleprices_feb11.htm</guid> <description>The 2010 food price blaze has been driven mainly by the 20% price increase on sugar, 13% on oils and 11.4% on cereals, from 2003 to 2010. A growing share of these staple foods is currently used for producing ethanol and bio diesel, and new US and EU initiatives contemplate the use of much larger shares to enhance the production of substitute products for oil-derived fuels. The OECD has estimated the impact of this newer demand on the crop prices to entail increases from 6% to 35% depending upon the crops. Soon people will be forced to choose between either putting food in their cars, or on their tables.</description> <category>Food</category> <category>Agriculture</category> <category>Biofuels</category> <pubDate>Sat, 05 Feb 2011 20:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Cereals production per capita - World</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxworldxpercap.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxworldxpercap.htm</guid> <description>World cereals production grew at a faster rate than population, enabling the per capita ratio to improve by 24% from 1961 to 2007. However, after reaching the peak of 375 kg/person in 1981, it started to decline slowly but steadily.</description> <category>Agriculture</category> <category>Cereals</category> <pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2009 15:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Cereals production per capita - China</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxchinaxpercap.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxchinaxpercap.htm</guid> <description>China made a "great leap forward" in terms of cereals production per capita. From a low 164 kilograms in 1961, production per person climbed to 344 kg in 2007, comparable to the world per capita of 352 kg. The trend reversed during the last decade, after reaching the peak of 370 kg in 1996.</description> <category>Agriculture</category> <category>Cereals</category> <pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2009 15:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Cereals production per capita - India</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxindiaxpercap.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxindiaxpercap.htm</guid> <description>India performed well in cereals production. From 192 kilograms in 1961, production per person climbed to 223 kg in 2007. The annual average growth rate is 0.32%, significantly lower than China's 1.6%, and well behind India's population average growth rate of 2.1%/year. For India too, the last decade proved unfavourable. Since 1999, production per person has gone down at an average annual rate of -0.4%, losing 6 percent points in eight years.</description> <category>Agriculture</category> <category>Cereals</category> <pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2009 15:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Cereals production yields - World</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxworldxyield.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxworldxyield.htm</guid> <description>Thanks to science-based agricultural methods, cereal yields in 2007 were 2.5 times higher than in 1961, having grown at an annual average rate of 2.0%, faster than population (average annual growth rate of 1.7%). And yet, these productivity gains have not been strong enough to enable production per capita to effectively take off, the latter having increased at a snail rate of 0.5% per year.</description> <category>Agriculture</category> <category>Cereals</category> <pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2009 15:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Cereals production yields - China</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxchinaxyield.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxchinaxyield.htm</guid> <description>From 1961 to 2007, cereals production yields increased more than four fold, from 1,211 kilogram/hectare in 1961 to 5,315 in 2007, at an annual average rate of 3.3%. However, the continuous progress of yields could not prevent the recent slowdown of the production per person. Indeed, while yields grew at an average 1% per year after 1996, production per person went negative at an average -1%/year.</description> <category>Agriculture</category> <category>Cereals</category> <pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2009 15:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Cereals production yields - India</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxindiaxyield.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxindiaxyield.htm</guid> <description>Notwithstanding sizeable yield increases from 947 kilogram/hectare in 1961 to 2,619 in 2007, at an annual average rate of 2.2%, above the world equivalent rate of 2%, India's production per person could only grow modestly, from 192 kg per person in 1961 to 223 kg in 2007, at an annual average rate of 0.3%.</description> <category>Agriculture</category> <category>Cereals</category> <pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2009 15:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Cereals areas harvested - World</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxworldxarea.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxworldxarea.htm</guid> <description>World areas harvested remained almost constant between 1961 and 2007 (annual change average rate of 0.2%). In fact, global areas harvested have been shrinking since the peak of 726,612 thousand hectares in 1981 to only 695,599 thousand hectares (96% of the peak value) in 2007.</description> <category>Agriculture</category> <category>Cereals</category> <pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2009 15:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Cereals areas harvested - China</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxchinaxarea.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxchinaxarea.htm</guid> <description>China's cereals production peaked in 1998, with an output of 458 million tonnes and, in spite of continuing yield improvement, it remained hesitant during the last ten years. A possible explanation is the shrinkage of harvested areas. Indeed, the latter grew from 90,553 thousand hectares in 1961 to a peak of 98,627 in 1976, only to lose 13 percent points since then, with a low 86,060 thousand hectares in 2007.</description> <category>Agriculture</category> <category>Cereals</category> <pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2009 15:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Cereals areas harvested - India</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxindiaxarea.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_cerealsxindiaxarea.htm</guid> <description>India has experienced difficulties in trying to expand areas harvested that, although 8% larger in 2007 than in 1961, have been shrinking since the peak of 106,613 thousand hectares in 1983. Modest yields and arable land limitations put a brake on effective production increases.</description> <category>Agriculture</category> <category>Cereals</category> <pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2009 15:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Freshwater withdrawals</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_waterres.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_waterres.htm</guid> <description>The gap between freshwater exploitable resources and consumption widens, even in the best-case scenario. By 2050 three quarters of the planet may experience dramatic scarcity of water.</description> <category>Environment</category> <category>Water Resources</category> <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 10:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Freshwater consumption per capita</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_watercons.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_watercons.htm</guid> <description>North America and West Asia have a freshwater consumption far above the world average of 617m3/person.</description> <category>Environment</category> <category>Water Resources</category> <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 10:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Nuclear power worldwide</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclear_kwh.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclear_kwh.htm</guid> <description>In 2007 the top 3 producers of nuclear power were USA (807 billion kWh), France (420 billion kWh), and Japan (267 billion kWh).</description> <category>Environment</category> <category>Energy</category> <category>Nuclear</category> <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 10:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Electricity supply by nuclear plants</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclear_percent.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclear_percent.htm</guid> <description>Nuclear power supplied 16 percent of the total electricity consumption worldwide. In France the share is 77 percent.</description> <category>Environment</category> <category>Energy</category> <category>Nuclear</category> <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 10:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>World nuclear investment plans</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclear_plans.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclear_plans.htm</guid> <description>In 2008 plans are to almost double world nuclear power capacity by adding 347 nuclear reactors, total capacity 324 GWe, to the currently operating 439 reactors, total capacity 372 GWe.</description> <category>Environment</category> <category>Energy</category> <category>Nuclear</category> <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 10:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>World nuclear plans by geography</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclear_shift.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_nuclear_shift.htm</guid> <description>The centre of gravity of civil nuclear power is shifting towards East. China has laid out plans to increase nuclear power capability 11 fold.</description> <category>Environment</category> <category>Energy</category> <category>Nuclear</category> <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 10:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>Threatened species by group of organisms</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_threatspec_grxperc.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_threatspec_grxperc.htm</guid> <description>Biodiversity at risk: threatened species represent between 12 percent and 86 percent (median 44.2 percent) of the total populations of their groups.</description> <category>Environment</category> <category>Biodiversity</category> <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 10:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>List of threatened species</title> <link>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_threatspecall.htm</link> <guid>http://stats.areppim.com/stats/stats_threatspecall.htm</guid> <description>The number of threatened species has grown by an average rate of 5 percent every year. They may total more than 22,000 by 2015.</description> <category>Environment</category> <category>Biodiversity</category> <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 10:00:00 GMT</pubDate> </item></channel></rss>If you would like to create a banner that links to this page (i.e. this validation result), do the following:
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